@inbook {48372, title = {Phthiraptera, the Chewing lice}, booktitle = {Parasitic diseases of wild birds}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, pages = {515 - 526}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, organization = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Ames, Iowa}, abstract = {

Whole book can be obtained from publisher website https://www.wiley.com/en-gb/Parasitic+Diseases+of+Wild+Birds-p-9780813820811

Or

https://www.academia.edu/42120677/Parasitic_Diseases_of_Wild_Birds_Parasitic_Diseases_of_Wild_Birds_Edited

}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47517.pdf}, author = {Clayton,Dale H. and Richard J. Adams and Sarah E. Bush}, editor = {Atkinson,Carter T. and Thomas,Nancy J. and Hunter,D. Bruce} } @article {47073, title = {Taxonomic revision of old world members of the feather louse genus Columbicola (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera), including descriptions of eight new species}, journal = {Journal of Natural History}, volume = {39}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {3545 - 3618}, abstract = {

The feather louse genus Columbicola Ewing is revised and divided into 24 species groups, with descriptions and illustrations provided for the 19 Old World species groups. Eight new species are described; these species and their respective type hosts are: C. browni ex Columba arquatrix Temminck, C. arnoldi ex Macropygia nigrirostris Salvadori, C. galei ex Gymnophaps albertisii Salvadori, C. palmai ex Leucosarcia melanoleuca (Latham), C. mendesi ex Ducula concinna (Wallace), C. reedi ex Ptilinopus magnificus (Temminck), C. davisae ex Treron curvirostra nipalensis (Hodgson), and C. wecksteini ex Ptilinopus rivoli (Pr\évost). Columbicola juliusriemeri Eichler and Mrosek and C. longiceps sikoraae Eichler are removed from synonymy and recognized as valid species. Columbicola longisetaceus (Piaget) is placed as a junior synonym of C. columbae (L.), C. fradeorum Tendeiro as a junior synonym of C. mjoebergi Eichler, and C. meinertzhageni parvus Tendeiro as a junior synonym of C. meinertzhageni Tendeiro. We provide a key to the 63 valid Old World species, and a table of host associations for the 77 valid Columbicola species of the world.

}, keywords = {Columbicola, Columbiformes, mtax, n.sp.}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46172.pdf}, author = {Richard J. Adams and Roger D. Price and Clayton,Dale H.} } @article {46016, title = {Dramatically elevated rate of mitochondrial substitution in lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera)}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {26}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {231 - 242}, abstract = {

Few estimates of relative substitution rates, and the underlying mutation rates, exist between mitochondrial and nuclear genes in insects. Previous estimates for insects indicate a 2-9 times faster substitution rate in mitochondrial genes relative to nuclear genes. Here we use novel methods for estimating relative rates of substitution, which incorporate multiple substitutions, and apply these methods to a group of insects (lice, Order: Phthiraptera). First, we use a modification of copath analysis (branch length regression) to construct independent comparisons of rates, consisting of each branch in a phylogenetic tree. The branch length comparisons use maximum likelihood models to correct for multiple substitution. In addition, we estimate codon-specific rates under maximum likelihood for the different genes and compare these values. Estimates of the relative synonymous substitution rates between a mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (EF-1alpha) gene in lice indicate a relative rate of several 100 to 1. This rapid relative mitochondrial rate (\>100 times) is at least an order of magnitude faster than previous estimates for any group of organisms. Comparisons using the same methods for another group of insects (aphids) reveals that this extreme relative rate estimate is not simply attributable to the methods we used, because estimates from aphids are substantially lower. Taxon sampling affects the relative rate estimate, with comparisons involving more closely related taxa resulting in a higher estimate. Relative rate estimates also increase with model complexity, indicating that methods accounting for more multiple substitution estimate higher relative rates.

}, keywords = {animals, Bird parasites, Evolution, Molecular, Lice/classification/genetics, mammal, Mitochondria/genetics, Models, Genetic, Phylogeny, polymerase, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S., variation}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/44823.pdf}, author = {Kevin P. Johnson and Cruickshank,Robert H. and Richard J. Adams and Vincent Stuart Smith and Page,Roderic D. M. and Clayton,Dale H.} } @article {43333, title = {When do parasites fail to speciate in response to host speciation?}, journal = {Systematic Biology}, volume = {52}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {37 - 47}, abstract = {

Abstract.\— Cospeciation generally increases the similarity between host and parasite phylogenies. Incongruence between host and parasite phylogenies has previously been explained in terms of host switching, sorting, and duplication events. Here, we describe an additional process, failure of the parasite to speciate in response to host speciation, that may be im- portant in some host\–parasite systems. Failure to speciate is likely to occur when gene flow among parasite populations is much higher than that of their hosts. We reconstructed trees from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences for pigeons and doves (Aves: Columbiformes) and their feather lice in the genus Columbicola (Insecta: Phthiraptera). Although com- parisons of the trees from each group revealed a significant amount of cospeciation, there was also a significant degree of incongruence. Cophylogenetic analyses generally indicated that host switching may be an important process in the history of this host\–parasite association. Using terminal sister taxon comparisons, we also identified three apparent cases where the host has speciated but the associated parasite has not. In two of these cases of failure to speciate, these comparisons involve allopatric sister taxa of hosts whose lice also occur on hosts sympatric with both of the allopatric sisters. These additional hosts for generalist lice may promote gene flow with lice on the allopatric sister species. Relative rate comparisons for the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene indicate that molecular substitution occurs about 11 times faster in lice than in their avian hosts. [Coevolution; Columbiformes; cospeciation; lice; molecular phylogeny; Phthiraptera.]

}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/41850.pdf}, author = {Kevin P. Johnson and Richard J. Adams and Page,Roderic D. M. and Clayton,Dale H.} } @article {43283, title = {The phylogeny of the louse genus Brueelia does not reflect host phylogeny}, journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {77}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {233 - 247}, abstract = {

Lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) are often considered a model group of parasites for studies of cospeciation because of their high host specificity, and louse species in the genus Brueelia are relatively host-specific. To test the extent of cospeciation, we reconstructed a phylogeny for Brueelia from nuclear (EF1alpha) and mitochondrial (COI) DNA sequences. This phylogeny was generally well resolved and supported. Two major clades within Brueelia (as well as several other lineages) were identified, and these corresponded to major morphological differences in the preantennal region of the head and sclerotization of the abdomen. However, the phylogeny of Brueelia showed little concordance to a published phylogeny of the hosts. In addition, we uncovered four cases (out of 15 species) of one species of Brueelia on two or more bird species. We argue that the high dispersal capabilities of Brueelia species, e.g. phoresis on hippoboscid flies, are a likely explanation for the incongruence between host and parasite phylogenies in this case.

}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/6648.pdf}, author = {Kevin P. Johnson and Richard J. Adams and Clayton,Dale H.} } @article {40514, title = {The population genetics of host specificity: genetic differentiation in dove lice (Insecta : Phthiraptera)}, journal = {Molecular Ecology}, volume = {11}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {25 - 38}, abstract = {

Some species of parasites occur on a wide range of hosts while others are restricted to one or a few host species. The host specificity of a parasite species is determined, in part, by its ability to disperse between host species. Dispersal limitations can be studied by exploring the genetic structure of parasite populations both within a single species of host and across multiple host species. In this study we examined the genetic structure in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of two genera of lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) occurring on multiple sympatric species of doves in southern North and Central America. One genus, Columbicola, is generally less host-specific than the other, Physconelloides. For both genera we identified substantial genetic differentiation between populations of conspecific lice on different host species, generally 10-20\% sequence divergence. This level of divergence is in the range of that often observed between species of these two genera. We used nested clade analysis to explore fine scale genetic structure within species of these feather lice. We found that species of Physconelloides exhibited more genetic structure, both among hosts and among geographical localities, than did species of Columbicola. In many cases, single haplotypes within species of Columbicola are distributed on multiple host species. Thus, the population genetic structure of species of Physconelloides reveals evidence of geographical differentiation on top of high host species specificity. Underlying differences in dispersal biology probably explain the differences in population genetic structure that we observed between Columbicola and Physconelloides.

}, keywords = {aves, Chewing lice, cladistic analysis, Columbiformes, differentiation, ectoparasite, Evolution, genetic, geography, lice, mitochondrial, Philopteridae, Phylogeny, rhagoletis pomonella}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/3307.pdf}, author = {Kevin P. Johnson and Williams,B. L. and Drown,Devin M. and Richard J. Adams and Clayton,Dale H.} } @mastersthesis {48356, title = {Taxonomic revision of the feather louse genus Columbicola (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) with redescriptions of the old world species and original descriptions of eight new species}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, school = {University of Utah}, author = {Richard J. Adams} } @article {40441, title = {Molecular systematics of Goniodidae (Insecta : Phthiraptera)}, journal = {Journal of Parasitology}, volume = {87}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {862 - 869}, abstract = {

The higher level phylogenetic relationships within the avian feather lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) are extremely problematic. Here we investigate the relationships of I family (Goniodidae), sometimes recognized as distinct within Ischnocera, using parsimony and likelihood analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. These data support monophyly for a restricted definition of traditional Goniodidae, but recognition of this family would result in paraphyly of the large heterogeneous family Philopteridae. We show that the New World Chelopistes is not related to other members of Goniodidae, despite similarities in morphology, but rather is the sister taxon to Oxylipeurus. Within Goniodidae, genera are divided into those occurring on Galliformes (the Goniodes complex) and those occurring on Columbiformes (the Coloceras complex). Within the well-sampled Coloceras complex, or Physconelloidinae, several groups are identified. However, traditionally recognized genera such as Coloceras and Physconelloides appear to be paraphyletic. Whereas the phylogeny of Goniodidae reflects some aspects of host relationships, biogeography also influences coevolutionary history.

}, keywords = {Goniodidae, Ischnocera, molecular, mtax}, url = {http://wwx.inhs.illinois.edu/files/9313/4151/7282/J.Parasitology.2001.pdf}, author = {Kevin P. Johnson and Richard J. Adams and Clayton,Dale H.} } @article {39634, title = {Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of Elongation Factor 1alpha identifies major groups of lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera)}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {19}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {202 - 215}, abstract = {

As a first attempt to use molecular data to resolve the relationships between the four suborders of lice and within the suborder Ischnocera, we sequenced a 347-bp fragment of the elongation factor 1 gene of 127 lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) as well as outgroup taxa from the order Psocoptera. A number of well-supported monophyletic groups were found but the relationships among many of these groups could not be resolved. While it is probable that multiple substitutions at high divergences and ancient radiation over a short period of time have contributed to the problem, we attribute most of this lack of resolution to the high ratio of taxa to characters. Nevertheless, the sequence data unequivocally support a number of important relationships that are at variance with the conclusions of morphological taxonomy. These include the sister group relationship of Chelopistes and Oxylipeurus, two lice occupying different ecological niches on the same host, which have previously been assigned to different families. These results provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that lice have speciated in situ on the host in response to niche specialization and that this has given rise to convergent morphologies in the lice of different host groups which share similar ecological niches. We discuss our attempts to overcome the limitations of this large data set, including the use of leaf stability analysis, a new method for analyzing the stability of taxa in a phylogenetic tree, and examine a number of hypotheses of relationships based on both traditional taxonomy and host associations.

}, keywords = {Ischnocera, leaf stability analysis, lice, molecular systematics, niche specialization, Phthiraptera, Phylogeny}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/1204.pdf}, author = {Cruickshank,Robert H. and Kevin P. Johnson and Vincent Stuart Smith and Richard J. Adams and Clayton,Dale H. and Page,Roderic D. M.} } @article {39718, title = {Rallicola deckeri n. sp (Phthiraptera : Philopteridae) from ruddy woodcreepers Dendrocincla homochroa (Passeriformes : Furnariidae) collected in Campeche, Mexico}, journal = {Journal of Parasitology}, volume = {87}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {11 - 20}, abstract = {

A new species of Rallicola Johnston and Harrison (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) is described from lice collected from a series of Ruddy Woodcrcepers Dendrocincla homochroa (Aves: Dendrocolaptinae) in Campeche, Mexico, Rallicola deckeri is easily recognized by the unique shape of the mesosome in the male and by the pattern of divided sternites on the female.

}, keywords = {Ischnocera, mtax, PHP}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/2108.pdf}, author = {Richard J. Adams} } @article {39802, title = {Pigeon lice down under: taxonomy of Australian Campanulotes (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), with a description of C. durdeni n. sp}, journal = {Journal of Parasitology}, volume = {86}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {948 - 950}, abstract = {

Campanulotes flavus (Rudow, 1869) from Phaps chalcoptera is redescribed and illustrated. C. defectus Tendeiro, 1969, erroneously recorded from the extinct passenger pigeon Ectopistes migratorius, is shown to be a junior synonym of C. flavus, thus removing it from the list of lice thought to have gone extinct with the passenger pigeon. C. flavus elegans (Tendeiro, 1978) from P. elegans is elevated to specific rank and redescribed. Finally, C. durdeni n. sp. is described from its type host Ocyphaps lophotes.

}, keywords = {aves, Columbiformes, mtax, PHP}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/2253.pdf}, author = {Roger D. Price and Clayton,Dale H. and Richard J. Adams} }