<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wappler,Torsten</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincent Stuart Smith</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert Campbell Dalgleish</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scratching an ancient itch: an Eocene bird louse fossil</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amblycera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coevolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fossil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Megamenopon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menoponidae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">n.gen.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">n.sp.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phthiraptera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogeny</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/6649.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">271</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5255 - 5258</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Out of the 30 extant orders of insects, all but one, the parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera), have a confirmed fossil record. Here, we report the discovery of what appears to be the first bird louse fossil: an exceptionally well-preserved specimen collected from the crater of the Eckfeld maar near Manderscheid, Germany. The 44-million-year-old specimen shows close phylogenetic affinities with modern feather louse ectoparasites of aquatic birds. Preservation of feather remnants in the specimen&amp;#39;s foregut confirms its association as a bird ectoparasite. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of the specimen and palaeoecological data, we suggest that this louse was the parasite of a large ancestor to modern Anseriformes (swans, geese and ducks) or Charadriiformes (shorebirds). The crown group position of this fossil in the phylogeny of lice confirms the group&amp;#39;s long coevolutionary history with birds and points to an early origin for lice, perhaps inherited from early-feathered theropod dinosaurs.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2 March 2004, online</style></notes></record></records></xml>