<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Didier Raoult</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michel Drancourt</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human lice: Pediculus and Pthirus</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paleomicrobiology – Past Human Infections</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/48273.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berlin, Germany</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215 - 222</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-3-540-75854-9 (Print), 978-3-540-75855-6 (online)</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Lice have probably been associated with humans since the times of our&amp;nbsp;pre-hominid ancestors, and were dispersed throughout the world by early human&amp;nbsp;migrants. It has been suggested that the head louse is the ancestor of the human&amp;nbsp;louse, and that the body louse developed later when hominids started to wear clothing. Lice are mentioned in the Bible as the third plague. From Sumerian, Akkadian,&amp;nbsp;and Egyptian sources it is also evident that the ancient inhabitants of the Middle&amp;nbsp;East were well &amp;nbsp;acquainted with head lice. Head lice and eggs have been found on&amp;nbsp;the hair of Egyptian mummies. Nine-thousand-year-old louse eggs were found in&amp;nbsp;hair samples from an individual who lived in a cave near the Dead Sea in Israel,&amp;nbsp;while large numbers of lice were recovered from a 3,800-year-old female mummy&amp;nbsp;from the Loulan period. Louse combs from Pharonic times in Egypt were used for&amp;nbsp;delousing. Head lice and their eggs have also been found in combs recovered from&amp;nbsp;archaeological excavations in the Judean and Negev deserts of Israel, including&amp;nbsp;from Masada and Qumran. Body lice eggs have been found in pre-historic textiles&amp;nbsp;from Austria; this louse was also recovered from deposits of farmers in Viking&amp;nbsp;Greenland. The remains of a body louse were also found in one of the rooms at the&amp;nbsp;Masada fortress dating from the Roman period. The oldest known pubic lice are&amp;nbsp;from the Roman period in Britain and from post-medieval deposits in Iceland.&lt;/p&gt;
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