<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eberhard Mey</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ein Phänomen besonders bei Vögeln: Trinken von Tränenflüssigkeit (Lachrymophagie) durch Tierläuse (Insecta, Phthiraptera)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vogelwarte</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/61684.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15-23</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mey E 2013: A phenomenon noted particularly in birds: drinking of eye secretion (lachrymophagy) by lice (Insecta, Phthiraptera). Vogelwarte 51: 15-23.
The new observation documented here from Myall Lakes National Park, New South Wales (Australia) on 8.9.2011 of a Myrsidea species drinking eye secretion on a Superb Fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus cyanochlamys Sharpe, which was behaving unusually, provides an opportunity for an updated general review of all currently known cases of lachrymophagy (or alternatively ophthal- motropism) in amblyceran and ischnoceran chewing lice (Phthiraptera). This surprising phenomenon – first mentioned in 1734 – in lice that generally avoid the light appears to be more widespread than indicated by the records known until now (at least 18 in Amblycera, 2 in Ischnocera). These records involve 12 amblyceran and 2 ischnoceran species belonging to 9 genera parasitiz- ing 10 host families: 1 Menacanthus (Alaudidae?), 1 Gallacanthus (Phasianidae), 2 Dennyus (Apodidae), 4 Myrsidea (Furnariidae, Corvidae, Maluridae), 1 Heteromenopon (Psittacidae), 2 Neocolpocephalum (Accipitridae), and 1 Laemobothrion (Accipitridae), as well as 1 Bovicola (Bovidae) and 1 Trichodectes (Mustelidae). Lachrymophagy has not only been observed on living but also on freshly dead host individuals. The liquid secreted by the lacrimal glands must be an important food resource for those lice in particular that do not live exclusively or mainly on a diet of blood and that mostly possess biting-chewing mouth parts. Whether this assumption also applies to the most species-rich group of Phthiraptera, the mainly keratin-eating Ischnocera that parasitize birds, remains to be seen. Lachrymophagy also remains unknown among both the sucking lice (suborder Anoplura) and proboscidean lice (suborder Rhynchophthirina). Ophthalmotropism in chewing lice, and especially in the Amblycera, con- tradicts the general belief that the behavior of these insects is fundamentally negatively photophilic. Further observations are urgently required.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English Citation: Mey E 2013: A phenomenon noted particularly in birds: drinking of eye secretion (lachrymophagy) by lice (Insecta, Phthiraptera). Vogelwarte 51: 15-23.</style></notes></record></records></xml>