<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christie D. Lavallée</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terry D. Galloway</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kateryn Rochon</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infestation parameters of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) on bald eagles, &lt;i&gt;Haliaeetus leucocephalus&lt;/i&gt; (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae), in Manitoba, Canada</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Canadian Entomologist</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Can Entomol</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12-2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X19000671/type/journal_article</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 - 9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus); Accipitriformes: Accipitridae) from 92 locations in Manitoba were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) from 1992 to 2017. Bald eagles were salvaged from rehabilitation hospitals and were examined using two methods, dry-ruffling (n = 107) and washing (n = 40). We collected 39 066 bald eagle lice of four genera and six species: Colpocephalum flavescens (De Haan), C. napiforme (Rudow), C. turbinatum (Denny) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) (total for all Colpocephalum species = 18 082), Craspedorrhynchus halieti (Osborn) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) (n = 49), Degeeriella discocephalus (Burmeister) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) (n = 20 912), and Kurodaia fulvofasciata (Piaget) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) (n = 23). Quantitative data were collected on all genera with the comparison of washed to dry-ruffled. Colpocephalum flavescens and D. discocephalus dominated the louse populations, with similar prevalence and mean intensity. Both genera had sex ratios near 1.0, and similar nymph-to-female ratios near 3:1. The dry-ruffling method was relatively inefficient, collecting 11% as many lice as the washing method. Total prevalence for dry-ruffled birds was 63%; total mean intensity was 103.5, but for washed birds, the prevalence was 93% with a mean intensity of 861.1. No Laemobothrion vulturis (Fabricius) (Phthiraptera: Laemobothriidae) were found.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><reprint-edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Published online 2019</style></reprint-edition></record></records></xml>