<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan Štefka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paquita EA Hoeck</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lukas F Keller</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincent Stuart Smith</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A hitchhikers guide to the Galápagos: co-phylogeography of Galápagos mockingbirds and their parasites</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Evolutionary Biology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Evol BiolBMC Evolutionary Biology</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galapagos</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myrsidea nesomimi</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10-2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-11-284</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18 pp</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Parasites are evolutionary hitchhikers whose phylogenies often track the evolutionary history of their&lt;br /&gt;
	hosts. Incongruence in the evolutionary history of closely associated lineages can be explained through a variety of&lt;br /&gt;
	possible events including host switching and host independent speciation. However, in recently diverged lineages&lt;br /&gt;
	stochastic population processes, such as retention of ancestral polymorphism or secondary contact, can also&lt;br /&gt;
	explain discordant genealogies, even in fully co-speciating taxa. The relatively simple biogeographic arrangement&lt;br /&gt;
	of the Gal&amp;aacute;pagos archipelago, compared with mainland biomes, provides a framework to identify stochastic and&lt;br /&gt;
	evolutionary informative components of genealogic data in these recently diverged organisms.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Mitochondrial DNA sequences were obtained for four species of Gal&amp;aacute;pagos mockingbirds and three&lt;br /&gt;
	sympatric species of ectoparasites - two louse and one mite species. These data were complemented with nuclear&lt;br /&gt;
	EF1a sequences in selected samples of parasites and with information from microsatellite loci in the mockingbirds.&lt;br /&gt;
	Mitochondrial sequence data revealed differences in population genetic diversity between all taxa and varying&lt;br /&gt;
	degrees of topological congruence between host and parasite lineages. A very low level of genetic variability and&lt;br /&gt;
	lack of congruence was found in one of the louse parasites, which was excluded from subsequent joint analysis of&lt;br /&gt;
	mitochondrial data. The reconciled multi-species tree obtained from the analysis is congruent with both the&lt;br /&gt;
	nuclear data and the geological history of the islands.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; The gene genealogies of Gal&amp;aacute;pagos mockingbirds and two of their ectoparasites show strong&lt;br /&gt;
	phylogeographic correlations, with instances of incongruence mostly explained by ancestral genetic polymorphism.&lt;br /&gt;
	A third parasite genealogy shows low levels of genetic diversity and little evidence of co-phylogeny with their&lt;br /&gt;
	hosts. These differences can mostly be explained by variation in life-history characteristics, primarily host specificity&lt;br /&gt;
	and dispersal capabilities. We show that pooling genetic data from organisms living in close ecological association&lt;br /&gt;
	reveals a more accurate phylogeographic history for these taxa. Our results have implications for the conservation&lt;br /&gt;
	and taxonomy of Gal&amp;aacute;pagos mockingbirds and their parasites.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article no. 284</style></work-type></record></records></xml>