<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasley Livinus Njila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D.J. Debi-Dore</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Akwashiki Ombugadu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M. Dibal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mangai Joseph Mafuyai</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Survey of Ectoparasites Infesting Captive Birds in the Jos Museum Zoological Garden, North Central, Nigeria</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Natural Sciences Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">captive birds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ectoparasites</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jos</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">museum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zoological Garden</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JNSR/article/view/41940</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36 - 40</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Many ectoparasites are known vectors of many diseases causing pathogens. Thus a survey of ectoparasite infesting captive birds in the Jos Museum Zoological Garden, Plateau state, north central Nigeria was carried out using direct collection method between February to July 2014. A total of 13 individuals of captive birds of non-passeriformes group belonging to 8 orders, 8 families and 13 species were sampled using five predilection sites. A total of 58 ectoparasites distributed across 3 orders were collected. Out of the 13 bird species sampled, six were found to be infested with ectoparasites. There is a significant difference (X&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 158.069, df = 12, P = 0.001) in ectoparasitic load in relation to birds species. There is no significant difference (X&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 4.069, df = 4, P = 0.39) in ectoparasitic load in relation to predilection sites. However, there is a significant difference in ectoparasitic load in relation to predilection sites of some bird species sampled (marabou stork: X&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 32.4286, df = 4, P = 0.001; Ostrich: = 24, df = 4, P = 0.001; crown crane: X&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;= 22.8696, df = 4, P = 0.001). The wing, back and neck are the most infested predilection sites. This study revealed a low ectoparasites infestation in captive birds in the Jos Museum Zoological Garden which was attributed to serious preening and allo-preening carried out by some bird species as means of combating ectoparasites. It is therefore important that periodic inspection be carried out to reduce incidence of ectoparasites infestation.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue></record></records></xml>