<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Graham B. Goodman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah A. Conner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah E. Bush</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clayton,Dale H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Is Allopreening a Stimulus-Driven Defense Against Ectoparasites?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Parasitology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Parasitology</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Parasite Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feather lice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pigeon</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02-2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-parasitology/volume-106/issue-1/19-104/Is-Allopreening-a-Stimulus-Driven-Defense-Against-Ectoparasites/10.1645/19-104.full</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">106</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">167 - 171</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Allopreening occurs when 1 bird preens another bird. The behavior is normally directed at the head&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;and neck of the recipient, i.e., regions that the bird cannot self-preen. Studies of penguins, pigeons,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;and other groups of birds suggest that allopreening plays a role in the control of ectoparasites, such&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;as ticks and feather lice. However, it is not known whether allopreening increases in response to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;increases in parasite load, or whether it is a programmed response that occurs independently of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;parasite load. We conducted a laboratory experiment using wild-caught rock pigeons (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Columba livia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;to test the relationship between ectoparasite load and allopreening rate. We added feather lice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Columbicola columbae&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;) to captive pigeons and tested for changes in allopreening rates compared to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;control birds with no lice added. Allopreening rates did not change in response to the addition of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;lice. Interestingly, however, our data revealed a negative correlation between allopreening and self-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;preening rates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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