<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KOLENCIK, STANISLAV</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mario Agustin Loaiza‐Muñoz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gustavo A Londoño</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Julie M. Allen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristyna Plskova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oldřich Sychra</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding the life history characteristics of bird lice: Amblycera versus Ischnocera</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Entomology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diet</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ectoparasites</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">survival</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dec-19-2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/een.13416</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-15</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;jats p=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;jats list=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;jats list-item=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;jats p=&quot;&quot;&gt;Permanent ectoparasites, adapted to living on their hosts, face limited survival abilities and food availability off the host body.&lt;/jats&gt;&lt;/jats&gt; &lt;jats list-item=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;jats p=&quot;&quot;&gt;We investigated the variance in survivability and the diet type preferences between bird lice from two different groups &amp;mdash; Amblycera and Ischnocera. While phylogenetic or morphological data can easily separate these groups, the difference in their life history characteristics is poorly understood.&lt;/jats&gt;&lt;/jats&gt; &lt;jats list-item=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;jats p=&quot;&quot;&gt;We observed that ischnoceran lice showed significantly longer survival than amblyceran lice (&lt;jats italic=&quot;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/jats&gt;&amp;thinsp;&amp;lt;&amp;thinsp;0.05) off the host body and experimental supplementing with host feathers further increased the survival time of ischnoceran lice.&lt;/jats&gt;&lt;/jats&gt; &lt;jats list-item=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;jats p=&quot;&quot;&gt;To examine the preference and possible effects of the diet, we evaluated the presence of feathers, blood or both in 4587 chewing lice (1418 amblyceran and 3169 ischnoceran lice). Blood was found in 36% of amblyceran lice from 14 genera, and no blood was found in ischnoceran lice, pointing to different feeding habits between these two groups. Haematophagy is recorded here for the first time for the genera &lt;jats italic=&quot;&quot;&gt;Ardeiphilus&lt;/jats&gt;, &lt;jats italic=&quot;&quot;&gt;Gruimenopon, Kurodaia&lt;/jats&gt;, &lt;jats italic=&quot;&quot;&gt;Machaerilaemus&lt;/jats&gt; and &lt;jats italic=&quot;&quot;&gt;Meromenopon.&lt;/jats&gt; Furthermore, we evaluated hypopharynx reduction as a potential predisposition for blood‐feeding in bird lice.&lt;/jats&gt;&lt;/jats&gt; &lt;jats list-item=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;jats p=&quot;&quot;&gt;Amblyceran lice may be more sensitive to changes in microhabitat conditions than ischnoceran lice, and in some cases, many species of Amblycera may also require an additional dietary source beyond bird feathers for their survival.&lt;/jats&gt;&lt;/jats&gt; &lt;/jats&gt;&lt;/jats&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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