<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asma Semassel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bilal Dik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Studies on the Determination of Ectoparasites in Cattle in Bakü, Azerbaijan</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azerbaijan</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baku</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cattle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ectoparasite</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rhipicephalus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun-16-2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://ijmpes.com/Article/ijmpes-5195</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41-45</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;jats p=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Parasitic diseases continue to be a significant issue in cattle, as they are in other animal species, resulting in substantial economic losses. &lt;/jats&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;jats p=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;: This study was conducted on 1608 cattle between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021. The cattle were visited monthly in Baku, Bilgeh, Bine, Kala (Qala), Maştağa, Merdekan, Ramana, and T&amp;uuml;rkan in Azerbaijan. During this period, a total of 1304 local, 221 Simmental, and 83 Holstein breeds were macroscopically examined for ectoparasites. The ectoparasites were collected by using pliers and were preserved in tubes containing 70% alcohol. &lt;/jats&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;jats p=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Ectoparasites were detected in 230 (14.30%) of 1608 cattle examined. A total of 958 ectoparasites were collected from the infested cattle. In this study, a total of 284 Haematopinus eurysternus, two individuals of Hippobosca equina, and 672 ixodid tick samples belonging to the species of Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma excavatum, Hyalomma scupense (=H. detritum), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, Rhipicephalus bursa, and Ixodes spp. were collected. In Baku center, 11 cattle of 122 (9.02%); in Bilgeh, 37 of 212 (17.45%); in Bine, 45 of 218 (20.64%) in Kala (Qala), 29 of 191 (15.18%); in Maştaga, 68 of 255 (26.67%); in Merdekan, 20 of 210 (9.52%) and in Ramana, 20 of 291 (6.87%) cattle were found to be infested with ectoparasites. However, all the 109 examined cattle were negative in Turkan. Infestation rate was the highest (18.55%) in Simental, the infestation rate was detected that higher in females (16.33%) than the males (10.58%) and the infestation rate was highest in the age between 1-2 years old (28.57%), in November (30.91%) the infestation was detected as highest. &lt;/jats&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;jats p=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The presence of ectoparasites in cattle varied according to age, sex, and locality.&lt;/jats&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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