@article {44683, title = {Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XLI. Arthropod parasites of impalas (Aepyceros melampus) in the Kruger National Park}, journal = {Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research}, volume = {70}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {131 - 163}, abstract = {

Ectoparasites were collected from impalas, Aepyceros melampus, at four localities within the Kruger National Park, namely Skukuza, in the Biyamiti region, Crocodile Bridge and Pafuri. Animals were also examined at Skukuza during a severe drought and at Skukuza and Pafuri towards the end of a second drought. Parasite burdens were analysed in relation to locality, sex, age class, month and drought. The impalas were infested with 13 ixodid ticks species, including two that were identified only to genus level. Except for four animals at Pafuri, all were infested with Amblyomma hebraeum. The highest intensity of infestation with larvae of this tick occurred from April to June and during November and December at Skukuza and in the Biyamiti region. Infestation with nymphs was highest during late winter. All animals were infested with Boophilus decoloratus, and the intensity of infestation was highest during spring. The intensity of infestation with Rhipicephalus appendiculatus was highest at Crocodile Bridge and at Pafuri, and that of Rhipicephalus zambeziensis at Skukuza. With both the latter species the intensity of infestation of larvae was highest from April to August, of nymphs from July to September or October and of adults during February and March. Rhipicephalus kochi was present only at Pafuri. The impalas also harboured five louse species and two species of hippoboscid flies. The intensity of infestation with lice tended to be greater during late winter and spring than during other seasons and greater on lambs than on yearlings on which it was greater than on adult animals.

}, keywords = {drought, Hippoboscid flies, impalas, intensity of infestion, ixodid ticks, Kruger National Park, lice, Prevalence, seasonality}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/8180.pdf}, author = {Horak,Ivan G. and Gallivan,G. J. and Braack,L. E. O. and Boomker,J. and De Vos,V.} } @article {44676, title = {Exotic arthropods in the Kruger National Park, South Africa: modes of entry and population status}, journal = {African Entomology}, volume = {3}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {39 - 48}, abstract = {

At least 21 species of exotic arthropods have successfully established breeding populations in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Of these, seven species were intentionally introduced as biological control agents of alien weeds, four species inadvertently accompanied vertebrate hosts during game translocation, and the remainder are presumed to have gained entry through packing crates, human activities, or natural dispersal in some instances. The modes of entry of exotic species are discussed and, where known, the time of first appearance in the Kruger National Park recorded. The rapidly escalating practice of wildlife translocation within and between countries is discussed in relation to passive transfer of diseases and parasites, and reasons are listed why routine precautionary steps should be instituted to avoid transfer of non-target organisms during translocation operations.

}, keywords = {Alien species, biological control, pests, Quarantine, Species transfer and Wildlife translocation}, url = {https://journals.co.za/content/ento/3/1/AJA10213589_107}, author = {Braack,L. E. O. and Maggs,K. A. R. and Zeller,D. A. and Horak,Ivan G.} } @article {44677, title = {Arthropod burdens of impalas in the Skukuza region during two droughts in the Kruger National Park}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {38}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {65 - 71}, abstract = {

Ixodid ticks and lice were collected at monthly intervals from March 1980 to February 1981 from impalas of all ages and both sexes in Landscape Zone 4 (Thickets of the Sabie and Crocodile Rivers) in the south-west of the Kruger National Park. Similar collections were made from adult animals in extremis in the same landscape zone during October and November of the drought of 1982 as well as from 15 to 22-month-old male impalas examined at monthly intervals from March to October of the drought of 1992. The louse burdens of the adult animals examined during the 1982 drought were significantly greater than those of adult animals examined during the same months of 1980, a year of normal rainfall. The tick burdens were also larger, but not significantly so. The tick and louse burdens of the young impalas examined during the drought of 1992 were significantly smaller than those of animals of the same age examined during 1980.

}, keywords = {drought, impalas, ixodid ticks, lice}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v38i1.306 }, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/8174.pdf}, author = {Horak,Ivan G. and De Vos,V. and Braack,L. E. O.} } @article {40237, title = {The comparative host status of red veld rats (Aethomys chrysophilus) and bushveld gerbils (Tatera leucogaster) for epifaunal arthropods in the southern Kruger National Park, South Africa}, journal = {Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research}, volume = {63}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {149 - 158}, abstract = {

Red veld rats (Aethomys chrysophilus) and bushveld gerbils (Tatera leucogaster) were trapped at monthly intervals, when possible, over a 2-year period, in the southern Kruger National Park, Mpumalanga Province. Forty-six specimens of each species were caught, euthenased and microscopically examined for fleas, lice, ticks and mites. Clear differences existed between the two rodent hosts in infestation intensity and also parasite species. The flea, Xenopsylla brasiliensis, commonly and exclusively utilized red veld rats, whereas Xenopsylla frayi was common and specific to bushveld gerbils. T. leucogaster were commonly infested with the lice Hoplopleura biseriata and Polyplax biseriata, while only a single A. chrysophilus hosted the louse, Hoplopleura patersoni. Red veld rats harboured small numbers of the immature stages of Haemaphysalis leachi/spinulosa and relatively large numbers of Rhipicephalus simus. The larvae of R. simus were irregularly collected from February to September and the nymphs from March to November. Bushveld gerbils hosted fewer ticks than did the rats, with a single specimen of H. leachi/spinulosa and low numbers of immature Hyalomma truncatum, the latter erratically present from June to October. Mites were abundant on both rodent hosts, A. chrysophilus hosting 13 species in six families, and T. leucogaster hosting 12 species representing seven families, with clear differences in mite assemblages between the two rodents. As the rats and gerbils were collected from the same trap lines at the same times, the differences in species composition and infestation intensity of their parasites, suggest that immunological, behavioural or other segregating mechanisms are in operation to maintain discrete parasite assemblages.

}, keywords = {Acari, Aethomys, animals, Anoplura, anthropods, bushveld, Cape Province, chrysophilus, ectoparasite, gerbils, host, ixodid, Kruger, Lepus, lowveld, parasite, populations, rat, scrub, status, Survey, Tatera leucogaster, ticks, Transvaal, veld, wild}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/40237.pdf}, author = {Braack,L. E. O. and Horak,Ivan G. and Jordaan,Leonora C. and Segerman,Joyce and Louw,J. P.} } @article {40216, title = {Fleas, lice and mites on scrub hares (Lepus saxatilis) in northern and eastern Transvaal in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa}, journal = {Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research}, volume = {62}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {133 - 137}, abstract = {

Fleas, lice and mites were collected from 24 and 120 scrub hares at Pafuri and Skukuza, Northern and Eastern Transvaal, respectively, in the Kruger National Park, and from 34 scrub hares in the Hluhluwe region, north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal. Ctenocephalides felis damarensis, the only flea recovered, reached peak burdens on the hares at each locality during late winter or spring. Juvenile hares harboured significantly fewer fleas than did adult animals. The lice Haemodipsus lyriocephalus and Haemodipsus setoni were collected from hares at each locality, with H. setoni generally being the most abundant. Listrophorus leporicolus was found on hares at Skukuza and Hluhluwe, and mites of the genus Cheyletiella were collected from hares at Skukuza.

}, keywords = {fleas, KwaZulu Natal, Lepus, lice, mites, scrub, Transvaal}, url = {https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Fleas\%2C-lice-and-mites-on-scrub-hares-(Lepus-in-and-Louw-Horak/5a7d5a8ab8c1312744e7f22f877f9be886611c15}, author = {Louw,J. P. and Horak,Ivan G. and Horak,M. L. and Braack,L. E. O.} } @article {40130, title = {Fleas and lice on scrub hares (Lepus saxatilis) in South Africa}, journal = {Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research}, volume = {60}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {95 - 101}, abstract = {

A total of 380 scrub hares (Lepus saxatilis) from 5 localities, ranging from the north-eastern Transvaal to the eastern and the south-western Cape Province of South Africa, were examined for fleas and lice. Ctenocephalides felis damarensis was almost exclusively responsible for the flea infestations on hares at 4 of the 5 sites. At 4 localities the prevalence and abundance of this flea reached peaks between August and October and declined thereafter to their lowest levels between February and April. Its prevalence and abundance in the north-eastern Transvaal were not correlated with the breeding cycle of the hares in this region. The 2 louse species recovered, sometimes sympatrically, were Haemodipsus lyriocephalus and Haemodipsus setoni. Listrophorus leporicolus was the only mite species recovered.

}, keywords = {Acari, animals, arthropod, Europe, flea, ixodid, parasite, Rabbit, Siphonaptera, spilopsyllus cuniculi, ticks, wild}, author = {Louw,J. P. and Horak,Ivan G. and Braack,L. E. O.} } @article {39940, title = {A louse phoretic on a hematophagous muscid fly}, journal = {Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa}, volume = {49}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {161 - 162}, keywords = {Diptera, IschnoceraPHP, Phoresy}, author = {Braack,L. E. O. and Kary C. Emerson} }