@article {47042, title = {Re.: exclusion from schools and nurseries}, journal = {British Medical Journal}, volume = {326}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, keywords = {animals, humans, hygiene, Lice Infestations/therapy, patient, Pediculosis, Pediculus, Physical Therapy, scalp dermatoses}, isbn = {1468-5833}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46127.pdf}, author = {Fenton,Theo} } @article {47043, title = {Conditioner and comb works for us}, journal = {British Medical Journal}, volume = {326}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, keywords = {animals, humans, hygiene, Lice Infestations/therapy, patient, Pediculosis, Pediculus, Physical Therapy, scalp dermatoses}, isbn = {1468-5833}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46128.pdf}, author = {Dacy,Karen M.} } @article {47041, title = {Another misapprehension}, journal = {British Medical Journal}, volume = {326}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, keywords = {animals, humans, hygiene, Lice Infestations/therapy, patient, Pediculosis, Pediculus, Physical Therapy, scalp dermatoses}, isbn = {1468-5833}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47041_0.pdf}, author = {Rosenfeld,Jo Ann and et al} } @article {47037, title = {Why does Bug Busting fail?}, journal = {British Medical Journal}, volume = {326}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {1258}, keywords = {animals, humans, hygiene, Lice Infestations/therapy, patient, Pediculosis, Pediculus, Physical Therapy, scalp dermatoses}, isbn = {1468-5833}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46122.pdf}, author = {McLean,Wendy M.} } @article {47038, title = {Put {\textquoteright}Best Treatments{\textquoteright} under the microscope}, journal = {British Medical Journal}, volume = {326}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, keywords = {animals, humans, hygiene, Lice Infestations/therapy, patient, Pediculosis, Pediculus, Physical Therapy, scalp dermatoses}, isbn = {1468-5833}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46123.pdf}, author = {Teasdale,Carol} } @article {47039, title = {Re.: Parents know best}, journal = {British Medical Journal}, volume = {326}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, keywords = {animals, humans, hygiene, Lice Infestations/therapy, patient, Pediculosis, Pediculus, Physical Therapy, scalp dermatoses}, isbn = {1468-5833}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46124.pdf}, author = {Dolenska,Sylvia} } @article {47040, title = {Head lice: update on biology and control}, journal = {British Medical Journal}, volume = {326}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, keywords = {animals, humans, hygiene, Lice Infestations/therapy, patient, Pediculosis, Pediculus, Physical Therapy, scalp dermatoses}, isbn = {1468-5833}, url = {https://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/10/29/head-lice-update-biology-and-control}, author = {Bailey,Anita M.} } @article {47035, title = {A parent{\textquoteright}s story: "I felt lost and hysterical"}, journal = {British Medical Journal}, volume = {326}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {1258}, keywords = {animals, humans, hygiene, Lice Infestations/therapy, patient, Pediculosis, Pediculus, Physical Therapy, scalp dermatoses}, isbn = {1468-5833}, doi = { https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7401.1258-a}, url = {https://www.bmj.com/content/326/7401/1258.2}, author = {Anonymous} } @article {47036, title = {Parents know best}, journal = {British Medical Journal}, volume = {326}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {1258}, keywords = {animals, humans, hygiene, Lice Infestations/therapy, patient, Pediculosis, Pediculus, Physical Therapy, scalp dermatoses}, isbn = {1468-5833}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46121.pdf}, author = {Altschuler,Deborah Z.} } @article {46599, title = {Comparative study of DDT, carbaryl (Sevin) and Actellic (pirimiphos-methyl) in the treatment of Pediculus humanus capitis infestation}, journal = {Public health}, volume = {97}, year = {1983}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 0376507; 0 (Organothiophosphorus Compounds); 29232-93-7 (pirimiphos methyl); 50-29-3 (DDT); 63-25-2 (Carbaryl); ppublish}, month = {1983}, pages = {3 - 7}, address = {ENGLAND}, keywords = {adolescent, carbaryl, child, Child, Preschool, Clinical Trials, DDT, Drug Evaluation, Drug Resistance, humans, Lice Infestations/drug therapy/epidemiology, Malaysia, organophosphate, patient, Pediculus, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t}, isbn = {0033-3506}, author = {Sinniah,B. and Sinniah,D.} } @article {46485, title = {Treating a child with head lice}, journal = {RN}, volume = {50}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {32}, keywords = {animals, child, hair, humans, hygiene, insecticide, Lice Infestations/drug therapy/nursing, patient, Pediculus}, isbn = {0033-7021}, author = {Kuffel,J.} } @article {46305, title = {Lice, fleas, ticks and ants: non-venomous apterous arthropods}, journal = {Medecine Tropicale}, volume = {56}, year = {1996}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 8710146; ppublish}, month = {1996}, pages = {238 - 240}, address = {FRANCE}, keywords = {animals, Ants, Communicable Disease, fleas, humans, Insect Bites, stings, Insect Control, lice, patient, ticks, Travel}, isbn = {0025-682X}, author = {Anonymous} } @article {46214, title = {Pharmacist intervention to control lice resistance}, journal = {Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association}, volume = {39}, year = {1999}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 9601004; ppublish}, month = {1999}, pages = {611}, address = {UNITED STATES}, keywords = {animals, humans, Lice Infestations/drug therapy, patient, Pediculus}, isbn = {1086-5802}, author = {Jones,K. L. and Romanelli,F.} } @article {46141, title = {A lousy problem}, journal = {Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)}, volume = {15}, year = {2000}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 9012906; 0 (Pesticides); ppublish}, month = {2000}, pages = {16 - 17}, address = {England}, keywords = {adult, animals, Attitude to Health, child, Child, Preschool, health education, humans, Lice Infestations/prevention \& control, Parents, patient, Pediculus, pesticide, scalp dermatoses}, isbn = {0029-6570}, author = {Sadler,C.} } @article {46099, title = {Levamisole: a safe and economical weapon against pediculosis}, journal = {International journal of dermatology}, volume = {40}, year = {2001}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 0243704; 0 (Antinematodal Agents); 14769-73-4 (Levamisole); EIN: Int J Dermatol 2001 Dec;40(12):794; ppublish}, month = {2001}, pages = {292 - 294}, address = {United States}, abstract = {Twenty-eight patients with pediculosis capitis, defined as the presence of pruritus, living eggs, and/or lice in the hair, were enrolled in an uncontrolled open pilot study. The subjects were school-age girls (7-12 years old), apparently free of other diseases, and not treated for pediculosis for 4 weeks prior to this study. Family contacts were not treated for pediculosis. The mothers of the patients, who had given informed consent, were asked not to use any topical pediculocide on the girls during the drug trial. Other than the drug administered in the study, the subjects did not take any oral medicine, including cotrimoxazole and ivermectin, during the trial. Treatment consisted of 3.5 mg/kg once daily oral administration of levamisole for 10 successive days, which was given to the subjects in their school by health personnel. A 10-day course was chosen because the subjects lived in unhygienic and overcrowded conditions in a poor village where head lice infestation was hyperendemic. Therefore, two treatment courses spaced 10 days apart could not preclude new infestations from other affected persons and fomites and might have led to a false deduction of drug ineffectiveness. Substituting "N" for the grade of living nits and "L" for adult lice, three forms of response based on the meticulous examination of the entire scalp with the use of a lens with high magnification and a powerful light source were considered: (i) total responsiveness, defined as N2 = 0 and L2 = 0; (ii) partial responsiveness, defined as 0 not equal N2 or = N1 or L2 > or = L1. The detection of unhatched nits which were operculated and generally located within one-quarter of an inch of the scalp was used to indicate the presence of lice infestation and also to judge the clinical response. For those small nits whose opercula were difficult to see with a hand lens, a low power microscopic study was performed to determine whether the nits were unhatched or not. Of the 28 girls enrolled in the study, one patient refused to take the drug after 2 days of treatment. No adverse reactions were noted in any of the 28 subjects. On the 11th day, meticulous hair examination showed that 23 patients had responded to treatment (85\%; 95\% confidence interval (CI): 66-94\%). Of these, 18 showed complete responsiveness (67\%; 95\% CI: 48-82\%). More complete information is given in Table 1. Confidence intervals were calculated using the likelihood method. This study suggests that levamisole is effective against pediculosis with a dose of 3.5 mg/kg administered for 10 days.}, keywords = {animals, Antinematodal Agents/therapeutic use, child, humans, Levamisole/therapeutic use, Lice Infestations/drug therapy/parasitology, patient, Pediculus, Pilot Projects, scalp dermatoses, Treatment Outcome}, isbn = {0011-9059}, author = {Namazi,M. R.} } @article {46050, title = {Wet combing for head lice: feasibility in mass screening, treatment preference and outcome}, journal = {Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine}, volume = {95}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {348 - 352}, abstract = {

There is no scientific consensus on the best way to control head louse infestation in schoolchildren. A study was conducted to test the feasibility and acceptability of a screening campaign by wet combing and a community approach to head-louse control with home visits, and to explore parents\&$\#$39; treatment preferences and treatment outcomes. A non-controlled intervention (advice on treatment options offered to all positive children) was nested within an epidemiological prevalence study. All children in three primary schools in Ghent, Belgium, were invited to take part in screening by wet combing (n=677, 3-11 years). Positive children were offered structural treatment advice, a home visit on day 7, and a check by wet combing on day 14. 83\% of the children were screened. The prevalence of active infestation (living moving lice) was 13.0\% in school 1 and 19.5\% in school 3. In school 2, prevalence of signs of active and past infestation was 40.7\%. A home visit was made to 58\% of the positive children. 85\% of the positive children were screened again on day 14. Wet combing was the most widely used treatment, followed by chemical treatment and a combination of the two. In school 1 and 3 51\% were cured, and in school 2 24\% became nit-free. A wet combing screening campaign and a community-oriented approach to head-louse control is feasible though resource-intensive. The prevalence of head lice was high and the cure rate was low, with either topical treatments or wet combing.

}, keywords = {animals, Belgium/epidemiology, child, Child, Preschool, Feasibility Studies, humans, Lice Infestations/epidemiology/prevention \& control, Mass Screening/methods/standards, patient, Pediculus, Prevalence, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, scalp dermatoses, Treatment Outcome}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/014107680209500707}, url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/014107680209500707}, author = {Vander Stichele,Robert H. and Gyssels,L. and Bracke,C. and Meersschaut,Filip and Blokland,Ineke and Wittouck,E. and Willems,S. and De Maeseneer,Jan} } @article {45997, title = {Information for patients: removal of lice and eggs by combing}, journal = {British Medical Journal}, volume = {326}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {1258}, keywords = {animals, humans, hygiene, Lice Infestations/therapy, patient, Pediculosis, Pediculus, Physical Therapy, scalp dermatoses}, isbn = {1468-5833}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/44798.pdf}, author = {Kmietowicz,Z.} } @article {40200, title = {Bartonella (Rochalimaea) Quintana endocarditis in three homeless men}, journal = {New England Journal of Medicine}, volume = {332}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {419 - 423}, abstract = {

Background. Bartonella (Rochalimaea) quintana is the agent of trench fever and is transmitted by the body louse, We-searched for this organism in three alcoholic homeless men with endocarditis. Methods. Blood samples were cultured on a human endothelial cell line and on blood agar. Bacteria were identified by sequencing the amplified 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The presence of bartonella in tissue was assessed by Gram\&$\#$39;s staining, immunostaining, and polymerase-chain-reaction amplification. Serologic studies for antibodies to bartonella species were performed by indirect immunofluorescence and Western immunoblotting. Results. B. quintana was isolated from one patient in the blood-agar culture and from the other two patients in the endothelial-cell culture. The organism was also identified by both immunostaining and molecular techniques in the valvular vegetations from the three patients and in a cervical lymph node from one patient. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of the three isolates were almost identical to that of the prototype strain of B. quintana. High titers of antibodies to B. quintana were detected in all three patients, but so were cross-reacting antibodies to chlamydia species. In all three patients studies were repeatedly negative for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus. Conclusions. B. quintana is a cause of endocarditis in homeless patients and may be serologically misdiagnosed as a chlamydial infection.

}, keywords = {AIDS, amplification, angiomatosis, bacillary, blood, dna, identification, patient, sp.nov.}, doi = {DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199502163320702}, url = {https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJM199502163320702?url_ver=Z39.88-2003\&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org\&rfr_dat=cr_pub\%3dwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}, author = {Michel Drancourt and Mainardi,J. L. and Brouqui,Philippe and Vandenesch,F. and Carta,A. and Lehnert,F. and Etienne,J. and Goldstein,F. and Acar,J. and Didier Raoult} } @article {40104, title = {Louse-borne relapsing fever in children}, journal = {Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene}, volume = {95}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {206 - 209}, abstract = {Clinical manifestations of louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) in children admitted to Jimma Teaching Hospital from March 1991 to September 1991 are described. The clinical manifestations were mild and the frequency of occurrence of each feature was lower than in adults. Jaundice and cardiac abnormality have not been found in children. The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction was also mild and occurred in about 16\% of the cases. The prognosis of LBRF was excellent. Initial treatment with penicillin and continued treatment with tetracycline for a couple of days was justifiable. Further detailed studies with a larger series is recommended.}, keywords = {patient, Penicillin, sudanese, tetracycline, therapy}, author = {Mekasha,A.} } @article {39792, title = {Bartonella quintana and urban trench fever}, journal = {Clinical Infectious Diseases}, volume = {31}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {131 - 135}, abstract = {Contemporary Bartonella quintana infections have emerged in diverse regions of the world, predominantly involving socially disadvantaged persons. Available data suggest that the human body louse Pediculus humanus is the vector for transmission of B. quintana. Descriptions of the clinical manifestations associated with contemporary B. quintana infections have varied considerably and include asymptomatic infection, a relapsing febrile illness, headache, leg pain, "culture-negative{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} endocarditis, and, in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons, bacillary angiomatosis, Laboratory diagnosis is most convincing when B. quintana is isolated in blood culture, but growth often takes 20-40 days; problems exist with both sensitivity and specificity of serological assays. On the basis of available information, use of doxycycline, crythromycin, or azithromycin to treat B. quintana infections is recommended. Treatment of uncomplicated B. quintana bacteremia for 4-6 weeks and treatment of B. quintana endocarditis (in a person who does not undergo valve surgery) for 4-6 months are recommended, with the addition of a bactericidal agent (such as a third- generation cephalosporin or an aminoglycoside) during the initial 2-3 weeks of therapy for endocarditis.}, keywords = {angiomatosis, bacillary, body, culture, Diagnosis, infections, lice, patient, rochalimaea quintana, susceptibility}, author = {Ohl,M. E. and Spach,D. H.} } @article {39753, title = {Bartonella infections in humans}, journal = {Presse Medicale}, volume = {28}, year = {1999}, note = {French Review 173NU PRESSE MEDICALE}, month = {1999}, pages = {435 - 439}, abstract = {

Bartonella bacilliformis: Among the 3 species of Bartonella known to be human pathogens, B. bacilliformis causes CarriUn\&$\#$39;s disease, which manifests an acute phase (Oroya fever) and a chronic phase marked by benign skin eruption with wartlike macules of vascular origin. Until 1993, B. bacilliformis bas considered to be the only species in Bartonella genus. In 1993, species formerly in the Rochalimaea genus were designated as Bartonella species. Bartonella quintana: This species causes trench fever. It is also the causal agent in cases of bacillary angiomatosis, septicemia, endocarditis with negative blood cultures, and chronic nodal infections, particularly in immunodepressed subjects. Trench fever is transmitted by body lice and is becoming more prevalent, particularly in the homeless. Bartonella henselae: This agent causes bacillary angiomatosis, visceral peliosis, septicemia, endocarditis and cat-scratch disease. Transmitted by cats, and perhaps by lice, cat-scratch disease is one of the most frequent zoonoses. Other species: The spectrum of Bartonella infections has continued to widen these last 5 years. The role of B. elizabethae and C. clarridgeiae as human pathogens remains to be defined.

}, keywords = {bacillus, bacterium, blood, chain reaction, Diagnosis, disease, mononuclear cells, patient, polymerase, tropheryma whippelii, whipples}, author = {Michel Drancourt} }