@article {96262, title = {Factors Affecting Pediculosis capitis Transmission among Primary School Children}, journal = {International Journal of Tropical Disease \& Health 2022}, volume = {43}, year = {2022}, month = {Aug-25-2022}, pages = {8-13}, abstract = {

Introduction: Human head lice infest people worldwide and are most prevalent in children. Outbreaks of head lice more commonly affect children 3 to 12 years old, with girls being affected more commonly than boys. The aim is to study the factors affecting transmission of the disease among the school children in villages in Benghazi - Libya.

Patients and Methods: In a cross-sectional study in western region of Benghazi, 556 students in three schools from Alhlys, Alatry and Abofakra regions were enrolled. The ages of children ranged from 6 to 13 years. Data collected include socio-demographic characteristics of the students, sex, age, school and hair were examined individually for head lice infestation in a separate room. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square test was used to determine the statistical significance of p-value \≤ 0.05.

Results: The data were collected on 556 students from the 3 villages: 39.7\% from Al-Helys, 28.8\% from Al-Tarya and 31.5\% from Abofakra regions. The age of children ranged from 6 to13 years. Female children were more than 50\%. The mean of family size was 7\±2 persons, number of bedroom in houses ranged from 1-5 rooms.. Sharing of personal equipment such as hair comb and linen was reported in 33.5\% of families. Pediculosis capitis manifestation was reported in 26.3\% of the participants. The prevalence of pediculosis capitis was 19.5\% in Al-Helys, 35.6\% in Al-Tarya and 26.3\% in Bo-Fakra; this difference was statistically significant (p\<0.05) . The prevalence of pediculosis capitis in males was 10.2\%, while in females was 41.8\% , this difference was highly statistically significant (p =0.0001) The highest prevalence of pediculosis capitis was in age of 11 years old (42.9\%), followed by age of 10 years old (36.6\%). There were no reported cases at the age of 6 and 13 years. There was no effect of parent occupation or education level on pediculosis infestation transmission.

Conclusion: The present study revealed that, Pediculosis capitis was prevalent in school children, more in females. Furthermore pediculosis was higher in certain villages than others.

}, keywords = {Pediculosis capitis, Prevalence, school children, transmission}, issn = {2278-1005}, doi = {10.9734/ijtdh/2022/v43i1730656}, url = {https://journalijtdh.com/index.php/IJTDH/article/view/1291}, author = {Salim Ali Alarifi and Ghait Alsdae and Gamal A. Duweb} } @article {96260, title = {Prevalence of Pediculosis Among Primary School-Aged Students in Iran: an Updated Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {59}, year = {2022}, month = {Sep-27-2022}, pages = {1861-1879}, abstract = {

In this study, a systematic investigation was performed to estimate the prevalence of head lice infestation, and to determine the factors affecting the prevalence of heterogeneity among primary school-aged children in Iran. A comprehensive search was fulfilled in international databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, to identify the articles on the prevalence of pediculosis. So, all the cross-sectional epidemiological studies evaluating the prevalence of pediculosis were covered without any restrictions. A random-effects model was used to assess the pooled prevalence. A meta-regression method was applied to determine the factors affecting the heterogeneity among the studied population. An analysis was performed on 67 studies with a total sample size of 358,053. The total pooled estimate for the prevalence of pediculosis in boys and girls was 7.52\% (95\% CI: 6.15\–9.03), 1.99\% (95\% CI: 1.25\–2.89), and 8.97\% (95\% CI: 721\–10.91), respectively. The highest and lowest pooled prevalence was in Hormozgan (southern Iran) (29.21\%; 95\% CI: 8.89\–55.34) and Isfahan (Central Iran) (0.69\%; 95\% CI: 0.59\–0.80), respectively. Based on the results of the univariate meta-regression, gender and father\’s job showed a significant direct association with the prevalence of pediculosis, but the sample size had significant inverse relations with the prevalence of pediculosis. This study demonstrated that pediculosis is a common public health problem affecting school-aged children with a relatively high prevalence in Iran, especially among girls.

}, keywords = {Infestation, Iran, meta-analysis, Pediculosis, school children}, issn = {0022-2585, 1938-2928}, doi = {10.1093/jme/tjac117}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/jme/article-abstract/59/6/1861/6724307}, author = {Morteza Akbari and Soraya Sheikhi and Javad Rafinejad and Mohammad Reza Akbari and Iraj Pakzad and Fatemeh Abdi and Reza Pakzad and Ali-Ashraf Aivazi} } @article {95453, title = {Pediculosis among school children in a primary school in Millij Village, Menoufia Governorate}, journal = {Menoufia Medical Journal }, volume = {33}, year = {2020}, month = {March-2020}, pages = {248-252}, type = {Open Access}, abstract = {

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of pediculosis among school children and possible risk factors.

Background:\  Pediculosis\  capitis\  is\  an\  obligate\  ectoparasite\  that\  only\  affects\  the\  human\  scalp. Pediculosis (i.e., louse infestation) dates back to prehistory. The oldest known fossils of louse eggs (i.e., nits) are ~10 000 years old.

Patients and methods: This was an analytic cross-section study. The calculated sample size was 355 participants from the children attending the health unit with their families during the period from December 2013 to June 2014 in Millij Village. All students were evaluated through history taking and completing medical examination followed by laboratory investigations, including hemoglobin \%, urine, and stool analyses. A full head examination was conducted by using a hand lens. A\  child\  was\  considered\  infested\  if\  alive\  or\  dead\  lice\  or\  eggs\  were\  found.\  Children\  were\  classified into two groups: group \Ι\  had\  pediculosis\  and\  group\  II\  did\  not\  have\  pediculosis.\  Statistical presentation and analysis of the present study was conducted by\  using the mean, SD, and Student test for weight and height, as well as number, percentage, and \χ2 test by SPSS, version 8.

Results:\  The\  prevalence\  rate\  of\  pediculosis\  among\  the\  studied\  children\  was\  35.8\%.\  There\  were\  significant differences (P \< 0.05) between group \Ι and group II regarding sociodemographic data, except for age, which exhibited a nonsignificant difference (P\  \>\  0.05).\  There\  were\  statistically significant differences (P \< 0.05) between group \Ι and group II regarding risk factors such as long hair, poor hygiene, and use of shared combs/brushes. There were nonsignificant differences (P \> 0.05) between group \Ι and group II regarding clinical examination, except for pallor or anemia, which exhibited a significant difference (P \< 0.05).

Conclusion:\  Pediculosis\  affected\  more\  than\  one-third\  of\  the\  studied\  school\  children.\  Prevalence\  of\  pediculosis\  was\  very\  high\  in\  grade\  4,\  which\  was\  54.7\%.\  Moreover,\  the\  percent\  of\  anemia\ 
was 57.9\%

}, keywords = {louse infestation, Nits, Pediculosis, school children}, issn = {1110-2098}, doi = {10.4103/mmj.mmj_162_15}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340288372_Pediculosis_among_school_children_in_a_primary_school_in_Millij_Village_Menoufia_Governorate}, author = {Mohamed A. Basha and Hala M. El_Moselhy and Walaa S. A. El_Mowafy} } @article {95153, title = {Prevalence of head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis L. and their relation to anxiety among primary school children in Kalar district, Kurdistan region-Iraq}, journal = {Journal of Garmian University}, volume = {6}, year = {2019}, month = {07-2019}, pages = {330 - 338}, abstract = {

Head\  lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De\  Geer\  infestation\  is\  one\  of\  the\  most imp ortant\  health\  p roblems\  throughout\  the\  world.\  The\  aim\  of\  the\  current\  study was to estimate the p revalence of head lice amon g local p rimary\  school\  childr en\  in\  Kalar\  district-Kurdistan,\  Iraq\  and\  find\  out\  the\  relationship\ \  between\  head\  lice infestation and an xiety .During the p eriod October 2018 to M ay\  2019, an overall 8847p rimary\ \  school\  children\  aged\  (6-11\  y ears)\  were\  randomly\ \  selected\  from (22) p rimary\  schools and examin ed for the p resence of head liceusin g lice co mb\  and\  magnify in g\  lenses.\  Results\  of\  the\  current\  study\ \  revealed\  the\  existence\  of\  1277cases\  (14.43\%)\  of\  infestation\  with P.\  humanus\  capitis.\  The\  rate\  of\  infection\  in\  girls\  was\  signif icantly\ \  high er\  than\  boy s\  P\<0.05.\  Schools\  of\  the center\  of\  Kalar\  had\  higher\  p revalence\  rate\  than\  those\  of\  the\  sub-districts.\  The high est\  rate\  of\  infection\  was\  observed\  amon g\  childr en\  aged\  10-11\  y ears\  while the\  lowest\  rate\  was\  observed\  in\  the\  y ounger\  children\  6-7\  y ears.\  Variations\  in\  infection\  rates\  were\  observed\  in the\  differ ent\  investigated\  schools.\  There\  was\  a great\  correlation\  between\  number\  of\  students\  in\  class\  and\  infection\  rate\  P\<0.05. In\  addition,\  the\  study\ \  showed\  relationship\ \  between\  head\  lice\  and\  an xiety . Accordin gly ,\  66\  \%\  of\  the\  infested\  children\  had\  moderate\  an xiety .\  Findings\  of this study\  suggest that head\  lice\  infestation is within the ep idemic\  level\  in Kalar.

}, keywords = {Anxiety, head lice, Kalar, P revalence, school children}, doi = {10.24271/garmian.196226}, url = {http://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_92059.html}, author = {Omer Mahmood Amin and Halmat Faieeq D. Mahmood and Awat A. Muhammed and Sawsan A. Hussein and Layla O. Mohammed and Bahar W. Rostam} } @article {94483, title = {Prevalence of infestation with head lice Pediculus humanus capitis (de Geer) in primary school children in the centre of Erbil City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq}, journal = {Iraq Pakistan Entomologist}, volume = {39}, year = {2017}, pages = {1-4}, abstract = {

The prevalence of Pediculus humanus capitis were investigated in three selected primary-school children age ranged fro 6 to 11 years located in Erbil city, Kurdistan region - Trag. Overal 3,490 students (14.52\%) were found infested with nits, immature or adults. There was no significant difference in the prevalence between girls (28.03\%) and boys (1.98\%) but there was a significant difference for long hairs (24.83\%) and short hairs (10.78\%). Smoth hairs (9.80\%) and wrinkled hairs (28.31\%) traits as well as between children of different age groups and the studied months in which highest ratio of infestation was seen in December (19.91\%) and the lowest ration in April (11.60\%) with significant difference between the period of study in months.

}, keywords = {Irag, Prevalence Erbil, school children}, issn = {1017-1827 (print), 2521-5922 (online)}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/94483.pdf}, author = {Kurdistan N. Khidhir and Chra K. Mahmood and K. Ali Wand} }