@article {47464,
	title = {Therapeutic and persistent efficacy of spinosad applied as a pour-on or a topical spray against natural infestations of chewing and sucking lice on cattle},
	journal = {Veterinary Parasitology},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006},
	abstract = {Studies were conducted in Wisconsin and Illinois, USA, to assess and compare the therapeutic and persistent efficacy of spinosad when applied as either a pour-on or topical spray and compared with cyfluthrin pour-on and coumaphos topical spray for controlling natural infestations of chewing (Bovicola bovis) and sucking (Linognathus vituli, Solenopotes capillatus and Haematopinus eurysternus) lice on cattle. Thirty-five animals at each trial site were blocked according to pre-treatment lice counts and randomly allocated to one of five treatment groups: single treatments of spinosad (25g/L), diluted with water to 0.04\% active ingredient and applied as a whole-body topical spray; spinosad (25g/L) applied as a neat pour-on at 2mg/kg body weight; Co-Ral((R)) Emulsifiable Livestock Insecticide (5.8\% coumaphos), diluted to 0.03\% active ingredient and applied as a whole-body topical spray; CyLence((R)) Pour-on Insecticide (1\% cyfluthrin), applied as a neat pour-on at the manufacturer{\textquoteright}s recommended use rate for lice; and untreated control. Both spinosad treatments and cyfluthrin provided >/=96\% control of B. bovis for up to 7 weeks, whereas the efficacy of coumaphos dropped to <90\% after week 5 at one site. Spinosad spray had the best therapeutic and residual control of all treatments against L. vituli, >/=98\% for at least 5 weeks at both sites, compared with 3 weeks for coumaphos at one site. Spinosad and coumaphos sprays provided 100\% control of S. capillatus for at least 8 weeks compared with >/=97\% control for spinosad and cyfluthrin pour-on treatments over the same interval. While H. eurysternus burden was low and limited to one study site, all four treatments provided 100\% control for at least 6 weeks. These studies showed that topically applied spinosad provided a high degree of therapeutic and residual control against both sucking and chewing lice.},
	keywords = {Bovicola, bovis, capillatus, eurysternus, Haematopinus, Linognathus, Solenopotes, vituli},
	author = {White,W. Hunter and Hutchens,Douglas E. and Jones,Carl and Firkins,Larry D. and Paul,Allan J. and Smith,Larry L. and Snyder,Daniel E.}
}
