@article {46339,
	title = {Controlled study of malathion and d-phenothrin lotions for Pediculus humanus var capitis infested schoolchildren},
	journal = {Lancet},
	volume = {344},
	year = {1994},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {1724 - 1727},
	abstract = {<p>Anecdotal reports have suggested that reduced efficacy of pediculicides against Pediculus humanus capitis could be related to resistance to treatments. Ovicidal and pediculicidal activities of 0.5\% malathion and 0.3\% d-phenothrin lotions were tested in an experimental model of P humanus capitis grown on rabbits to ensure that the two treatments were pharmacologically equipotent. We then did a randomised controlled trial in which the lotions were administered to 193 P humanus capitis-infested schoolchildren (malathion, 95; d-phenothrin, 98). Success rate was defined as the absence of both live lice and viable nits. Before treatment, live lice were collected and subjected to a pediculicidal test. Pharmacological tests showed 100\% killing of the rabbit-grown nits and lice after exposure to both pediculicides. On day 1 of the controlled trial, the success rate was 92\% in the malathion group (95\% CI, 0.86-0.97) and 40\% in the d-phenothrin group (0.30-0.49) (p \&lt; 0.0001); on day 7, it was 95\% in the malathion group (0.90-0.99) and 39\% in the d-phenothrin group (0.29-0.48, p \&lt; 0.0001). Malathion was also significantly more active in the pediculicidal tests compared to d-phenothrin and control. These results suggest an acquired resistance to d-phenothrin in the schoolchildren tested, since all other conditions of the administration of insecticides were standardised.</p>
},
	keywords = {animals, child, Comparative Study, humans, Insecticide resistance, Lice Infestations/drug therapy, Malathion, Pediculus, Pyrethrum, Rabbit, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, scalp dermatoses},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45219.pdf},
	author = {Chosidow,Olivier and Chastang,C. and Brue,C. and Bouvet,E. and Izri,M. and Monteny,N. and Bastuji-Garin,S. and Rousset,J. J. and Revuz,J.}
}
