@article {95001, title = {ECTOPARASITIC LOAD OF BLUE-CROWNED PARAKEET (ARATINGA A. ACUTICAUDATA, PSITTACIDAE) NESTLINGS}, journal = {Ornitologia Neotropical}, volume = {24}, year = {2013}, pages = {257-265}, abstract = {

Resumen. \– Carga ectoparasitaria de pichones de Calancate Com\ún (Aratinga a. acuticaudata,
Psittacidae). \– El Calancate Com\ún (Aratinga a. acuticaudata) se distribuye en Brasil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay y Argentina, donde nidifica en cavidades de \árboles maduros. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar los artr\ópodos que parasitan sus pichones en una poblaci\ón de Chaco y determinar prevalencia, intensidad y abundancia de los mismos. En 2006 y 2007 obtuvimos 24 pichones de diez nidos en la Reserva Provincial Loro Hablador. Los pichones fueron expuestos a vapores de acetato de etilo y luego agitamos el plumaje para desprender los par\ásitos. Asimismo, prospectamos algunos huecos con nidos. En laboratorio, identificamos los piojos masticadores Paragoniocotes anomalus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), Heteromenopon laticapitis y Psittacobrossus cf. anduzei (Phthiraptera: Menopodidae); el \ácaro Ornithonyssus bursa, las chinches hemat\ófagas Ornithocoris toledoi y Triatoma sordida, y larvas de mosca del g\énero Philornis. Este trabajo representa el primer registro de T. sordida, O. bursa y P. cf. anduzei parasitando Calancate Com\ún en Argentina, y el primer registro de Philornis sp. como par\ásito de loros en el pa\ís. Ornithonyssus bursa fue el par\ásito de mayor prevalencia (90\%), H. laticapitis el de mayor abundancia media (7 piojos/loro) y O. toledoi el de mayor intensidad (32.5 chinches/loro). Los hemat\ófagos aparecieron en edades m\ás tempranas (25 d\ías) que los penn\ífagos (35 d\ías). Son necesarios m\ás estudios a futuro para evaluar el impacto de estas especies sobre el desarrollo de pichones y \éxito reproductivo en el Calancate Com\ún.


Abstract. \– The Blue-crowned Parakeet (Aratinga a. acuticaudata) ranges through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina, where it nests in cavities of mature trees. Our objective was identify the arthropods parasitizing the nestlings in a population of Chaco and determine their prevalence, intensity and abundance. In 2006 and 2007, we studied 24 nestlings from ten nests in the Reserva Provincial Loro Hablador. We exposed nestlings to ethyl acetate vapors and then removed parasites by agitating feathers. Also, some tree holes with nests were visually prospected. In the laboratory, we identified the chewing lice Paragoniocotes anomalus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), Heteromenopon laticapitis, and Psittacobrossus cf. anduzei (Phthiraptera: Menopodidae), the mite Ornithonyssus bursa, the hematophagous bugs Triatoma sordida and Ornithocoris toledoi, and botfly Philornis sp. This is the first record of T. sordida, O. bursa, and P. cf. anduzei parasitizing Blue-crowned Parakeet in Argentina, and the first record of Philornis sp. parasitizing parrots in Argentina. Ornithonyssus bursa was the most prevalent (90\%), H. laticapitis had the highest mean abundance (7 lice/parrot), and O. toledoi the highest intensity parasite (32.5 bugs/parrot). Haematophagous species appeared at younger host ages (25 days) than penniphagous (35 days). Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of these species on the nestling development and breeding success in the Blue-crowned Parakeet. Accepted 15 October 2013.

}, keywords = {Blue-crowned Parakeet, botflies, Chewing lice, ectoparasites, haematopagous bug, mites, nestlings, Ornithocoris toledoi, Ornithonyssus bursa, Triatoma sordida.}, url = {https://sora.unm.edu/node/133373}, author = {Arambur{\'u},Rosana and Berkunsky,Igor and Formoso,Anah{\'\i} and Armando Conrado Cicchino} } @article {48284, title = {Ectoparasite load of blue-fronted parrot (Amazona aestiva, Psittacidae) nestlings}, journal = {Ornitologia Neotropical}, volume = {16}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {573 - 578}, abstract = {

Ectoparasites are an important cause of mortality, morbidity, and/or reduced fecundity in birds (Feare 1976, Duffy 1983). The negative effects on clutch size (M\øller 1991, 1993), growth and survival of nestlings (Merino \& Potti 1995, Hurtrez-Bouss\és et al. 1997), parental behavior (Hurtrez-Bouss\és et al. 1997, Hurtrez-Bouss\és \& Renaud 2000), natal dispersal (Brown \& Brown 1992), future breeding success and host\’s survival (Brown et al. 1995, Richner \& Tripet 1999) are known. These risks are increased in birds that breed in domed or cavity nests reused for several breeding seasons (Bucher 1988). Blue-fronted Parrots (Amazona aestiva) are common in Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil, and Argentina (Meyer de Schauensee 1970, Forshaw 1989, Collar 1997, Juniper \& Parr 1998). In Argentina, they occur mostly in chacoan woodlands where they nest in cavities of mature trees, at approximately 5 m from the ground. (Sauad et al. 1991).Three chewing lice, Paragoniocotes heterogenitalis heterogenitalis Carriker, Paragoniocotes semicingulatus bolivianus Carriker (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae), and Heteromenopon sp. (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menopodidae) has been cited as permanent parasites of Blue-fronted Parrots (Cicchino \& Castro 1997a, 1997b). The Blue-fronted Parrot is an important resource for the inhabitants of the chacoan region, because they harvest parrot nestlings for pet trade (Beissinger \& Bucher 1992). The substantial pressure on this species from both legal and illegal harvest justifies the development of a comprehensive research on its reproductive biology (Snyder et al. 2000, Fernandes-Seixas \& de Miranda-Mour\ão 2002). Ectoparasitic load data of psittacids are known for the Burrowing Parrot (Cyanoliseus patagonus) (Mey et al. 2002), and the Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) (Arambur\ú et al. 2003). The objective of this work was to describe the ectoparasitic fauna of the nest ling population of this parrot species, and to determine the prevalence, abundance, and degree of dispersion of such species.

}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47426.pdf}, author = {Berkunsky,Igor and Formoso,Anah{\'\i} and Arambur{\'u},Rosana} }