@article {95418, title = {Prevalence and diversity of ectoparasites in Wild Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in Punjab region, Pakistan}, journal = {Brazilian Journal of Biology}, volume = {83}, year = {2021}, month = {02-2021}, pages = {8 pp}, type = {e-2023 Open Access}, abstract = {

Abstract The current study was carried out to estimate the prevalence and diversity of ectoparasites in rock pigeons in different regions of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 120 birds were captured from March 2017 to February 2019. The ectoparasites were collected by standard procedures and preserved in 70\% ethanol containing one drop of glycerin. Data related to age, health status, sex, type of area, sampling location and season were collected using a standardized form. Ectoparasites were identified based on morphological characteristics by using identification keys. Ninety-six (80\%) birds were infested with ectoparasites. A total of seven families and thirteen species of different ectoparasites were observed. Mainly, seven species of lice, two species of flies, one species of tick and three species of mites were recovered from infested birds. The female pigeons were more often infested (89.02\%) than male pigeons (60.52\%). The prevalence was found higher during summer (100\%) as compared to other seasons. The infestation rate was higher in Industrial area (97.50\%) as compared to other regions. The highest prevalence of ectoparasites (100\%) was recorded from Sargodha district. There was significant (P \< 0.05) variation among number of ectoparasites on wing, chest, tail and neck within age groups, seasons and ecological zones. The occurrence of parasites in relation to area, age, health status, sex and season were significant. The infestation rate of parasites in rock pigeon is high in different districts of Punjab. It is recommended that these wild birds infested with multiple species of ectoparasites could be the potential source of infestations in domesticated birds if they come in contact with them. The contact of domesticated birds should be prevented from wild birds to minimize the chance of cross species transmission of ectoparasites.

Portuguese title: Preval\ência e diversidade de ectoparasitas em Wild Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) na regi\ão de Punjab, Paquist\ão

Resumo
O presente estudo foi realizado para estimar a preval\ência e diversidade de ectoparasitas em pombos-das-rochas em diferentes regi\ões de Punjab, Paquist\ão. Um total de 120 aves foram capturadas de mar\ço de 2017 a fevereiro de 2019. Os ectoparasitas foram coletados por procedimentos padr\ão e preservados em etanol 70\% contendo uma gota de glicerina. Os dados relativos \à idade, estado de sa\úde, sexo, tipo de \área, local de amostragem e \época do ano foram coletados em formul\ário padronizado. Os ectoparasitas foram identificados com base nas caracter\ísticas morfol\ógicas por meio de chaves de identifica\ç\ão. Noventa e seis (80\%) aves estavam infestadas com ectoparasitas. Um total de sete fam\ílias e treze esp\écies de diferentes ectoparasitas foram observados. Principalmente, sete esp\écies de piolhos, duas esp\écies de moscas, uma esp\écie de carrapato e tr\ês esp\écies de \ácaros foram recuperadas de aves
infestadas. Os pombos f\êmeas foram infestados mais frequentemente (89,02\%) do que os pombos machos (60,52\%). A preval\ência encontrada foi maior no ver\ão (100\%) em compara\ç\ão com as outras esta\ç\ões. A taxa de infesta\ç\ão foi maior na \área Industrial (97,50\%) em rela\ç\ão \às demais regi\ões. A maior preval\ência de ectoparasitas (100\%) foi registrada no distrito de Sargodha. Houve varia\ç\ão significativa (P \<0,05) entre o n\úmero de ectoparasitas na asa,
t\órax, cauda e pesco\ço dentro das faixas et\árias, esta\ç\ões do ano e zonas ecol\ógicas. A ocorr\ência de parasitas em rela\ç\ão \à \área, idade, estado de sa\úde, sexo e esta\ç\ão do ano foi significativa. A taxa de infesta\ç\ão de parasitas em pombo-correio \é alta em diferentes distritos de Punjab. Recomenda-se que essas aves selvagens infestadas com v\árias esp\écies de ectoparasitas possam ser a fonte potencial de infesta\ç\ões em aves domesticadas se entrarem em
contato com elas. O contato de aves domesticadas deve ser evitado com aves selvagens para minimizar a chance de transmiss\ão cruzada de ectoparasitas.

Palavras-chave: piolhos, moscas, carrapatos, \ácaros, pombo-da-rocha, preval\ência, zonas ecol\ógicas.

}, keywords = {ecological zones, flies, lice, mites, Prevalence, Rock Pigeon, ticks}, issn = {1678-4375, 1519-6984}, doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.246887}, url = {https://www.scielo.br/j/bjb/a/G6X37zVQzMYxtnkKZ9ZFJSJ/?lang=en}, author = {M. Tayyub and Shahzad Ali and Arshad Javid and M. Imran} } @article {94535, title = {Ectopar{\'a}sitos asociados a polluelos del B{\'u}ho Cornudo (Aves: Strigidae) en un paisaje fragmentado de la pen{\'\i}nsula de Baja California, M{\'e}xico}, journal = {Acta Zool{\'o}gica Mexicana (N.S.)}, volume = {34}, year = {2018}, pages = {1 - 15}, abstract = {

ABSTRACT. Ectoparasites are important in avian host population because they can affect health condition, regulate population dynamics and alter interspecific competition. Studies of ectoparasites in wild raptors are scarce and even few have been made in owls. This is the first study of the prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites in Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) fledglings. We studied ectoparasites on fledglings from nests in a fragmented arid landscape at Baja California peninsula, during the breeding seasons of 2015 and 2017. The fledglings of 40 days of age were handled and taken from their nests for the collection of ectoparasites. A total of 81 epizoic species were collected from 36 nestlings from 15 nests, distributed in five orders: Diptera (Icosta americana); Hemiptera (Cimicidae gen. sp.); Phthiraptera (Neohaematopinus sciurinus, Colpocephalum pectinatum); Siphonaptera (Orchopea sp.) and Mesostigmata (Ornihtonysus sylviarum). Likewise, one species of chewing lice (n=5) (Geomydoecus telli) and one species of feather mite (n=7) were also recorded associated with the Great Horned Owl. Five species were hematophagous parasites. Louse fly I. americana and chewing louse C. pectinatum showed the highest levels of prevalence (26.5\% and 20.6\% respectively), while the hematophagous feather mite Ornihtonysus silviarum presented the higher mean intensity in only one nest (15.5). The flea Orchopea sp. and the chewing louse G. telli and sucking louse N. sciurinus exhibited the lowest values of prevalence and mean intensity; these species have been recorded in association mainly with rodents, so probably they could have been transmitted to the owls when they were captured as preys and taken into their nest. Additionally a bug (Cimicidae gen. sp.) was found in one host. Colpocephalum pectinatum is the first recorded from Great Horned owl, such as new host. The abundance of ectoparasites in one owl nest was independent of their abundance in neighbor nests (Moran ́s I = 0.010; z = 0.16, P \> 0.05). We discuss the implications of ectoparasitism for a Great Horned owl population in fragmented habitat of the Baja California arid desert.\ 

ECTOPAR\ÁSITOS ASOCIADOS A POLLUELOS DEL B\ÚHO CORNUDO (AVES: STRIGIDAE) EN UN PAISAJE FRAGMENTADO DE LA PEN\ÍNSULA DE BAJA CALIFORNIA, M\ÉXICO

RESUMEN. Los par\ásitos juegan un papel importante en la historia de vida de sus hospederos porque pueden afectar la salud, regular la din\ámica poblacional e inclusive alterar la competici\ón inter-especifica. Bajo ciertas condiciones de deterioro del h\ábitat, como la fragmentaci\ón, puede aumentar los niveles de infestaci\ón y en consecuencia tener efectos negativos m\ás marcados en los hospederos. Este es el primer estudio de la prevalencia e intensidad de ectopar\ásitos en volantones de B\úho Cornudo Bubo virginianus. Evaluamos los ectopar\ásitos en pollos de nidos situados en un paisaje \árido fragmentado de la pen\ínsula de Baja California. Los pollos casi volantones de 40 d\ías de edad fueron tomados del nido durante las temporadas reproductivas del 2015 y 2017, para realizar la colecta de ectopar\ásitos y regresarlos posteriormente. Se colectaron 81 ectopar\ásitos de 36 polluelos en 15 nidos. Fue registrada una infestaci\ón del 61\% (n=22) con ocho especies (H = 1.56), cinco de las cuales fueron par\ásitos hemat\ófagos. Los ectopar\ásitos estuvieron distribuidos en cinco \órdenes; Diptera (Icosta americana); Hemiptera (Cimicidae gen. sp.); Phthiraptera (Neohaematopinus sciurinus, Colpocephalum pectinatum); Siphonaptera (Orchopea sp.), y Mesostigmata (Ornihtonysus sylviarum). Tambi\én se registr\ó una especie de piojo masticador (n=5) (Geomydoecus telli) y una de \ácaro de plumas (n=7) asociados con el b\úho cornudo. La mosca piojo I. americana y el piojo masticador C. pectinatum presentaron alta prevalencia (26.5\% y 20.6\% respectivamente), mientras que el \ácaro hemat\ófago O. silviarum present\ó la m\ás alta intensidad media en un s\ólo nido (15.5). La pulga Orchopea sp., y los piojos, masticador G. telli y succionador N. sciurinus, fueron registros raros y exhibieron los valores m\ás bajos de prevalencia e intensidad media; estas especies se han registrado en asociaci\ón principalmente a roedores, as\í que probablemente se transmitieron a los pollos al llevar presas de roedores al nido del b\úho. Adicionalmente una chinche Cimicidae gen. sp., se encontr\ó en un hu\ésped. Colpocephalum pectinatum es primer registro para el B\úho cornudo como hospedero. La abundancia de ectopar\ásitos en un nido de b\úho fue independiente de la abundancia de nidos cercanos (Moran ́s I = 0.010; z = 0.16, P \> 0.05). Se discuten las implicaciones que tienen los ectopar\ásitos en una poblaci\ón del B\úho cornudo en un h\ábitat fragmentado del desierto \árido de Baja California.

Palabras clave: Piojo, moscas, volantones, B\úho Cornudo, \área fragmentada, M\éxico.

}, keywords = {fledglings, flies, fragmented area, Great Horned owl, lice, Mexico.}, issn = {0065-1737}, doi = {10.21829/azm.2018.3412142}, url = {http://azm.ojs.inecol.mx/index.php/azm/article/view/2142}, author = {Raquel Bola{\~n}os-Garc{\'\i}a and Rodriguez-Estrella,Ricardo and Guzm{\'a}n-Cornejo, Carmen} }