@inbook {96062, title = {Phthiraptera}, booktitle = {Princ{\'\i}pios B{\'a}sicos de Entomologia M{\'e}dica}, year = {2021}, pages = {500-563}, publisher = {Caule de Papiro}, organization = {Caule de Papiro}, edition = {I}, chapter = {13}, address = {Natal}, abstract = {

The chapter cover most of the aspects of the life cycle, morphology, diversity, and collection methods of the louse species with medical interest. We also provide a list and a pictorial key of the common species found on animals with medical-veterinary interests. Unfortunately, at some point in the editorial process, the tables and scientific names got unformatted. The book is in Portuguese.

}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349900046_Phthiraptera}, author = {Kamila M. D. Kuabara and Michel Paiva Valim}, editor = {de Almeida_Andrade, Herbet Tadeu and Serpa-Filho,A.} } @article {95697, title = {Confirmation of the chewing louse, Bovicola breviceps, in a British llama (Lama glama) herd}, journal = {Veterinary Record}, volume = {166}, year = {2010}, month = {Jun-01-2010}, pages = {790-791}, type = {Short commuication}, keywords = {Bovicola (Damalinia) breviceps}, issn = {0042-4900}, doi = {10.1136/vr.b4866}, url = {https://bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1136/vr.b4866}, author = {Twomey,D. F. and Cooley,W. and R. Wood} } @article {95696, title = {Some important Ectoparasites of Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and Llama (Lama glama)}, journal = {Journal of Camelid Science}, volume = {3}, year = {2010}, pages = {41-69}, abstract = {

The most important ectoparasites infesting/infecting alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and llama (Lama glama) are reviewed. The clinical manifestation and the diagnosis of the different parasitic infections/infestations of Sarcoptes scabiei, Chorioptes sp., Psoroptes sp., Damalinia (Bovicola) breviceps and Microthoracius spp. are described as well as therapies against them. Demonstrating S. scabiei and Chorioptes sp. with available diagnostic methods are challengingly often due to the relatively small numbers of mites that may elicit
clinical disease. In Chorioptes sp. infestations it has been shown that alpacas are often subclinically infested. Predilection places are between the toes and in the axillae. The variable response to modern acaricidal treatments emphazises the need of more evidence based studies. The lack of lanolin in the fibres of South American camelids may explain the poor response to topical applications of modern insecticidal/acaricidal products used on other animals. Pharmacokinetic studies of such substances are limited. Few products are licenced although several products that are used and are available for other animals are used off-label. Applying a combination of systemic and topical treatments may produce optimal results. The need to apply treatments against the mange mites more frequently and with higher dosages of some of the acaricidal substances than recommended for other livestock is indicated. Lice infestations are often easier to deal with. Systemic treatment should be applied against suckling lice and topical against the biting lice. All animals in
affected herds should be treated at the same time and stringent biosecurity measures following treatment is recommended to avoid re-infections/infestations.

}, keywords = {alpaca, Damalinia (Bovicola) breviceps, lice, llama, mange, mites}, url = {http://www.isocard.net/images/journal/FILEb5b5bb97305e946.pdf}, author = {Set Bornstein and Kerstin de Verdier} } @article {95695, title = {Important ectoparasites of Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)}, journal = {Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume}, volume = {52}, year = {2010}, month = {Oct-01-2010}, pages = {6 pp}, type = {Oral presentation}, abstract = {

From Parasite infections of domestic animals in the Nordic countries \– emerging threats and challenges.
The 22nd Symposium of the Nordic Committee for Veterinary Scientific Cooperation (NKVet)
Helsinki, Finland. 7-9 September 2008Background

Alpacas (Vicugna pacos), earlier named Lama pacos, belong to the family Camelidae of which there are 7 living species. Four are native to South America and of those four two are domestic species, the alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and the llama (Lama glama) and two are wild, the vicu\ña (Vicugna vicugna) and the guanaco (Lama guanicoe). These species are often referred to as the New World camels (NWCs) or the South American Camels (SACs) [1]. To the three Old World camels (OWCs) belong the bactrians or the two-humped camel (Camelus bactrianus). Lately it has been established that there are two different species of bactrians, one domesticated and one wild endangered species [2]. The latter lives on the border between Mongolia and China. The other domesticated OWC species is the more well known, the one-humped or the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius).

The Camelidae evolved and developed parallel to the Ruminantiae over 35 million years ago in North America [1] and have developed special anatomical and physiological features which are of great significance to their biology, well adapted to the extreme climatic environments of the rough countries of deserts and semi-deserts of Asia, the Middle East and Northern Africa (OWC) and the high altitude country of the Andes in South America (SAC/NWC), respectively. The Camelidae (long neck and small head) are members of the order of Artiodactyla (even number of digits), suborder Tylopoda (modified ruminants with pad or callus on each foot).

All camelids have 37 pairs of chromosomes and the karyotypes are quite similar. The SACs can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
Important livestock

The alpacas as well as the llamas were and still are very important livestock in large areas of South America, particularly in Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile and Argentina ([3, 4, 1]. Since the llamas and alpacas were domesticated about 4-5000 BC [1], they have been the most important resource of human culture and survival in the high altitude environments of the Andes. The SACs are better adapted than any other domesticated species to the very cold, hard and fragile areas with very low oxygen pressure (altitudes between 4-5000m).

Alpaca provide meat, hides, fuel, manure and particularly very fine fibres (wool), which are highly priced. Today more than 500,000 peasant families are raising SACs in the Andes and these livestock are the main source of income for the campesinos. Increasing numbers of alpaca are being imported to various countries outside of South America including Europe for wool production, breeding and as companion animals. This is a fairly recent phenomenon that started with larger exports from Chile in 1983-84, first to North America [1].
Ectoparasites

The alpacas as other livestock are exposed to and affected by a range of ectoparasites (see Table 1). Of particular importance are the mange mites, the burrowing Sarcoptes scabiei and the non-burrowing Chorioptes sp and Psoroptes sp and lice, both biting and sucking Phthiraptera. The mange mites have been reported to be common infestations on alpacas also in countries outside of South America. Problems with mange are reported frequently from several countries in Europe [5\–10]. In the UK e.g. 23 \% of alpaca owners were concerned [8] and in Switzerland alpaca owners regarded mange as one of the four most frequent health problems [11]. Sarcoptes scabiei var aucheniae is very prevalent in alpacas as well as in other SACs [3]. It is said to be responsible for 95 \% of all losses due to ectoparasites in alpacas [12, 13]. Infestations with Chorioptes sp are also very common. Some regard Chorioptes mites as the most common ectoparasite infesting SACs [14]. The mite is assumed to be C bovis [15, 16]. Psoroptes (aucheniae) ovis may also be found to infest particularly the earlaps (pinna) and the outer ear canals, but can also be found elsewhere on the body of alpacas. Mixed infections occur with two and even three of the mite species [9, 17, 16].

}, keywords = {Bovicola (Damalinia) brevis, Vicugna pacos}, issn = {1751-0147}, doi = {10.1186/1751-0147-52-s1-s17}, url = {https://actavetscand.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1751-0147-52-S1-S17}, author = {Set Bornstein} } @book {95133, title = {T{\"u}rkiye{\textquoteright}deki evcil ve yabani memelilerde g{\"o}r{\"u}len bit (Phthiraptera) t{\"u}rleri}, volume = {26}, year = {2020}, pages = {67}, publisher = {T{\"u}rkiye Parazitoloji Derne{\u g}i}, organization = {T{\"u}rkiye Parazitoloji Derne{\u g}i}, address = {Izmir, Turkey}, abstract = {

Book written in Turkish.

Yazar{\i}n \Öns\öz\ü (Author\&$\#$39;s Forward)
Bu kitab{\i}n yaz{\i}m{\i} olduk\ça uzun bir zaman alm{\i}{\c s}, bu s\üre i\çinde yap{\i}lmas{\i} gereken acil i{\c s}lerin \ç{\i}kmas{\i}ndan dolay{\i} bir\çok kez kesintiye u{\u g}ram{\i}{\c s} ve buna ba{\u g}l{\i} olarak ya{\c s}anan konsantrasyon kayb{\i}ndan dolay{\i} baz{\i} eksiklikler ya da yanl{\i}{\c s}l{\i}klar olmu{\c s} olabilir. Olas{\i} yanl{\i}{\c s}lar{\i}n ho{\c s} g\ör\ülmesi ve bildirilmesi beni mutlu edecektir. Bu kitap, bu konuda yaz{\i}lan ilk kitap oldu{\u g}undan ve T\ürkiye\’deki memeli hayvanlar{\i}n \ço{\u g}u hen\üz bit y\ön\ünden incelenmedi{\u g}inden ya da incelenenlerin baz{\i}lar{\i}nda bit tespit edilemedi{\u g}inden dolay{\i} olas{\i} bit t\ürlerinin hepsini i\çermemektedir. Bu y\üzden kitapta bir te{\c s}his anahtar{\i} verilmemi{\c s}tir. Bununla birlikte bu konuda \çal{\i}{\c s}acak meslekta{\c s}lar{\i}m i\çin temel bir kaynak olacakt{\i}r. Kitapta bahsedilen baz{\i} t\ürler taraf{\i}mdan veya \çal{\i}{\c s}ma arkada{\c s}lar{\i}mla birlikte T\ürkiye\’den ilk kez tespit edilmi{\c s} olup, bu t\ürlerin bir k{\i}sm{\i} yay{\i}n haline getirilmemi{\c s}, baz{\i}lar{\i} yay{\i}n haline getirilmi{\c s} ve bas{\i}mlar{\i} kabul edilmi{\c s}, bir k{\i}sm{\i} da yay{\i}n a{\c s}amas{\i}na getirilmi{\c s} olmakla birlikte hen\üz yay{\i}nlama i{\c s}lemlerine ba{\c s}lanmam{\i}{\c s}t{\i}r. Kitapta m\ümk\ün oldu{\u g}unca kendi koleksiyonumdaki t\ürlerin {\c S}ekilleri kullan{\i}lm{\i}{\c s}t{\i}r. Koleksiyonumda olmayan baz{\i} t\ürlere ait {\c S}ekiller ise, o t\ür\ü bildiren ve baz{\i} \örneklerini bana g\önderen meslekta{\c s}lar{\i}ma ait \örneklere ait olup, T\ürkiye\’den bildirilmesine ra{\u g}men, o t\ürleri bildiren ara{\c s}t{\i}r{\i}c{\i}larda bile \örnekleri kalmayan t\ürlere ait {\c S}ekiller ise ilgili kaynaklardan al{\i}nm{\i}{\c s}t{\i}r.

Bu eseri \ö{\u g}rencilik y{\i}llar{\i}mda ve/veya akademik hayat{\i}m boyunca bilimsel anlamda yeti{\c s}meme katk{\i} sa{\u g}layan, ba{\c s}ta Ankara \Üniversitesi Veteriner Fak\ültesi Parazitoloji Anabilim Dal{\i} \Ö{\u g}retim \Üyeleri: Merhum Prof. Dr. Nevzat G\üralp, Merhum Prof. Dr. Fahri Say{\i}n, Merhum Prof. Dr. Y{\i}lmaz Ti{\u g}in, Merhum Prof. Dr. Turan O{\u g}uz, Doktora dan{\i}{\c s}man{\i}m Emekli \Ö{\u g}retim \Üyesi Prof. Dr. {\c S}\ükran Din\çer ile Sel\çuk \Üniversitesi Veteriner Fak\ültesi Parazitoloji Anabilim Dal{\i} Emekli \Ö{\u g}retim \Üyesi Prof. Dr. R{\i}fat Cantoray\’a, bana desteklerini esirgemeyen di{\u g}er\  hocalar{\i}ma, \çal{\i}{\c s}ma arkada{\c s}lar{\i}ma ve \çal{\i}{\c s}malar{\i}ma yard{\i}mc{\i} olan meslekta{\c s}lar{\i}ma, Phthiraptera \üzerine \çal{\i}{\c s}{\i}rken kar{\c s}{\i}la{\c s}t{\i}{\u g}{\i}m zorluklar{\i}n \üstesinden gelmemde yard{\i}mlar{\i}n{\i} hi\çbir zaman esirgemeyen Yeni Zelanda, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Honorary Research Associate Dr. Ricardo L. Palma\’ya ithaf ediyorum.
1 {\c S}ubat 2020
Prof. Dr. Bilal D{\.I}K

}, issn = {978-605-87556-8-0}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344311753_Dik_2020_Turkiye_Memeli_Bit_Faunasi}, author = {Bilal Dik} } @article {94401, title = {The Mitochondrial Genome of the Guanaco Louse, Microthoracius praelongiceps: Insights into the Ancestral Mitochondrial Karyotype of Sucking Lice (Anoplura, Insecta)}, journal = {Genome Biology and Evolution}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {Mar-23-2017}, pages = {431 - 445}, abstract = {

Fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genomes have been reported in 11 species of sucking lice (suborder Anoplura) that infest humans, chimpanzees, pigs, horses, and rodents. There is substantial variation among these lice in mt karyotype: the number of minichromosomes of a species ranges from 9 to 20; the number of genes in a minichromosome ranges from 1 to 8; gene arrangement in a minichromosome differs between species, even in the same genus. We sequenced the mt genome of the guanaco louse, Microthoracius praelongiceps, to help establish the ancestral mt karyotype for sucking lice and understand how fragmented mt genomes evolved. The guanaco louse has 12 mt minichromosomes; each minichromosome has 2\–5 genes and a non-coding region. The guanaco louse shares many features with rodent lice in mt karyotype, more than with other sucking lice. The guanaco louse, however, is more closely related phylogenetically to human lice, chimpanzee lice, pig lice, and horse lice than to rodent lice. By parsimony analysis of shared features in mt karyotype, we infer that the most recent common ancestor of sucking lice, which lived ~75 Ma, had 11 minichromosomes; each minichromosome had 1\–6 genes and a non-coding region. As sucking lice diverged, split of mt minichromosomes occurred many times in the lineages leading to the lice of humans, chimpanzees, and rodents whereas merger of minichromosomes occurred in the lineage leading to the lice of pigs and horses. Together, splits and mergers of minichromosomes created a very complex and dynamic mt genome organization in the sucking lice.

}, keywords = {genome fragmentation, guanaco, minichromosome, Mitochondrial genome, sucking lice.}, doi = {10.1093/gbe/evx007}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/gbe/evx007}, author = {Renfu Shao and Hu Li and Stephen C. Barker and Simon Song} } @article {47947, title = {New records of Phthiraptera (Artropoda: Insecta) in Lama pacos Linnaeus 1758, in Chile}, journal = {Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria}, volume = {39}, year = {2007}, month = {2007}, abstract = {

For the first time in Chile, the presence of Microthoracius mazzai (Werneck 1932) and Bovicola breviceps (Rudow 1866), are reported, and the presence of M. praelongiceps (Neuman 1909) parasiting alpacas in the General Lagos area (I Region) is also confirmed. The importance of this situation is discussed in the present report

}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47086.pdf}, author = {Daniel Gonz{\'a}lez-Acu{\~n}a and Cabezas,I. and L. Moreno and Castro,Dolores del Carmen} } @article {47845, title = {Morphology of immature stages of Microthoracius mazzai (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Microthoraciidae).}, journal = {Revista Society Entomologia of Argentina}, volume = {63}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {81 - 84}, abstract = {Immature stages of Microthoracius mazzai Werneck are described and illustrated from samples collected on Lama glama L, in the Jujenean puna (Jujuy, Argentina). Characteristics that allow identification of the nymph stages are established, of which head length is the most relevant.}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46979.pdf}, author = {Arce de Hamity,Martha Gladys and Ortiz,F{\'e}lix} } @article {47062, title = {Psittacobrosus bechsteini: a new extinct chewing louse (Insecta, Phthiraptera, Amblycera) off the Cuban Macaw Ara tricolor (Psittaciiformes), with an annotated review of fossil and recently extinct animal lice}, journal = {Anzeiger des Vereins Th{\"u}ringer Ornithologen}, volume = {5}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {201 - 217}, abstract = {

A description is given of Psittacobrosus bechsteini n. sp. (Menoponidae sensu lato) from a female individual removed from a skin of the Cuban Macaw Ara tricolor, a Cuban endemic extinct since the 19th century. This find provided an opportunity to recall the relationship between ornithology and parasitology established by JOHANN MATTH\ÄUS BECHSTEIN (1757-1822) at the end of the 18th century. With regard to the listing of (4) scientific animal names created in honour of J. M. BECHSTEIN, it is argued here why the name of the small lepidopteran (Bucculatricidae) \»Bucculatrix bechsteinella (BECHSTEIN \& SCHARFENBERG, 1805) should be revised as Bucculatrix bechsteinella (SCHARFENBERG in BECHSTEIN \& SCHARFENBERG, 1805). An annotated list identifies the animal louse species regarded as definitely or probably extinct up to the present day, as well as their hosts. It has been claimed that six fossil finds that are dealt with here are all animal lice. In actual fact, this applies to the following three records only: 1. Imagines of \† Neohaematopinus relictus DUBININ, 1948 (Anoplura, Polyplacidae) ex \† Spermolegus (Urocitellus) glacialis (VINOGRADOV) (Rodentia, Sciuridae), Pleistocene (ca. 10 000 years old), Yakutskaya. 2. Several eggs of an unknown animal louse (Anoplura ?) on hairs probably from a sciurid-like rodent (Rodentia), Baltic amber, Eocene (ca. 40 million years old), Germany. 3. An imago of \† Megamenopon rasnitsyni WAPPLER, SMITH \& DALGLEISH, 2003 (Amblycera, Menoponidae sensu lato) perhaps from a procellariiform, charadriiform or anseriform bird, Eocene (40 million years old), Germany. The Cretaceous Saurodectes vrsanskyi RASNITSYN \& ZHERIKHIN, 1999, a presumed ectoparasite on hair-covered pterosaurs, did not belong to the Phthiraptera but to another insect order. Recent (probably) extinct animal lice from mammals are apparently as yet unknown, but in contrast, apart from \† Psittacobrosus bechsteini n. sp., the following 11 speciesare known that once parasitized birds. In order of their first description they are: 1. \† Acutifrons caracarensis (KELLOGG \& MANN, 1912) (Ischnocera, Philopteridae s. l.) ex \† Caracara lutosa (RIDGWAY) (Falconidae), Guadelupe Island (Mexico). 2. Longimenopon dominicanum (KELLOGG \& MANN, 1912) (Amblycera, Menoponidae s. l.) ex Oceanodroma macrodactyla W. E. BRYANT (Hydrobatidae), Guadalupe Island. 3. Columbicola extinctus MALCOMSON, 1937 (Ischnocera, Philopteridae s. l.) ex \† Ectopistes migratorius (L.) (Columbidae), North America. 4. Rallicola piageti CLAY, 1953 (Ischnocera, Philopteridae s. l.) ex Gallirallus lafresnayanus VERREAUX \& DES MURS (Rallidae), New Caledonia. 5. Halipeurus (Anamias) raphanus TIMMERMANN, 1961 (Ischnocera, Philopteridae s. l.) ex Oceanodroma macrodactyla W. E. BRYANT (Hydrobatidae), Guadalupe Island. 6. Puffinoecus jamaicensis (TIMMERMANN, 1962) (Ischnocera, Philopteridae s.l.) ex Pterodroma caribbaea CARTE (Procellariidae), Jamaica. 7. \† Campanulotes defectus TENDEIRO, 1969 (Ischnocera, Goniodidae) ex \† Ectopistes migratorius (L.) (Columbidae), North America. 8. Nitzschiella hemiphagae TENDEIRO, 1972 (Ischnocera, Goniodidae) ex \† Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae spadicea (LATHAM) (Columbidae), Norfolk Island (New Zealand). 9. \† Patellinirmus restinctus TENDEIRO, 1972 (Ischnocera, Goniodidae) ex \† Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae spadicea (LATHAM) (Columbidae), Norfolk Island. 10. \† Huiacola extinctus MEY, 1990 (Ischnocera, Philopteridae s.l.) ex \† Heteralocha acutirostris (GOULD) (Callaeatidae), New Zealand (North Island). 11. Philopteroides xenicus MEY, 2004 (Ischnocera, Philopteridae s. l.) ex \† Xenicus l. longipes (J. F. GMELIN) (Acanthisittidae), New Zealand. Further unnamed forms await their description, or their discovery on hosts that have become extinct during the last 400 years. Historical animal louse records are known from: 1. Trimenopon hispidum (BURMEISTER, 1838) (Amblycera, Trimenoponidae), 2. Gliricola porcelli (SCHRANK, 1781) (Amblycera, Gliricolidae), both ex Cavia porcellus f. dom. (Rodentia, Caviidae), Peru, 1100 years old. 3. Pediculus capitis DE GEER, 1778 (Anoplura, Pediculidae) ex Homo s. sapiens (Primates, Hominidae) ca. 1400-10000 years old, South America, New Zealand, Africa, Asia, and Europe. 4. Pediculus humanus L., 1758 (Anoplura, Pediculidae) ex Homo s. sapiens (Primates, Hominidae), ca. 1300-2000 years old, Egypt, North and South America. 5. Pthirus pubis (L., 1758) (Anoplura, Pthiridae) ex Homo s. sapiens (Primates, Hominidae), ca. 1000-2000 years old, Europe, Chile and Peru. 6. Microthoracius sp. (Anoplura, Microthoraciidae) ex Lama glama f. dom. (L., 1758) (Artiodactyla, Camelidae), ca. 1000 years old, Peru.

}, keywords = {Ara, bechsteini, Cuba, extinct, fossil, historical, mtax, new species, Phthiraptera, Psittacobrosus, sp. n., tricolor}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46150.pdf}, author = {Eberhard Mey} } @article {43153, title = {Nota pr{\'e}via s{\^o}bre uma nova especie de Microthoracius}, journal = {Revista Medico-Cirurgica do Brasil}, volume = {43}, year = {1935}, note = {565}, month = {1935}, pages = {112}, keywords = {Artiodactyla, Microthoracius minor, S{\"u}damerika., Troester}, author = {Werneck,F{\'a}bio Leoni} } @article {43154, title = {Microthoracius minor e demais especies do mesmo genero (Anoplura - Haematopinidae)}, journal = {Revista de Entomologia Rio de Janeiro}, volume = {5}, year = {1935}, note = {566}, month = {06/1935}, pages = {107 - 116}, keywords = {Microthoracius minor. Artiodactyla, S{\"u}damerika., Troester}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/43154.pdf}, author = {Werneck,F{\'a}bio Leoni} } @article {43150, title = {Sobre as especies de Anoplura parasitas da lhama}, journal = {Mem{\'o}rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz}, volume = {27}, year = {1933}, note = {1168}, month = {1933}, pages = {21 - 32}, keywords = {mazzai. Artiodactyla, Microthoracius praelongiceps, South America, Troester}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/6506.pdf}, author = {Werneck,F{\'a}bio Leoni} } @article {43149, title = {Sobre uma especie nova de Hoplopleura (Anoplura, Haematopinidae) (Nota pr{\'e}via)}, journal = {Revista Medico-Cirurgica do Brasil}, volume = {40}, year = {1932}, month = {1932}, pages = {345 - 346}, keywords = {Artiodactyla., Hoplopleura, Microthoracius mazzai, rodentia, South America}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/43149.pdf}, author = {Werneck,F{\'a}bio Leoni} } @article {43117, title = {Eyes in the Siphunculata}, journal = {Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London}, volume = {118}, year = {1948}, note = {218, 1 fig., 1 pls.}, month = {1948}, pages = {575 - 577}, keywords = {Antarctophthirus, Augen, Haematomyzus, Haematopinus, Hybophthirus, Lepidophthirus, Linognathus, Microthoracius, Pecaroecus, Pedicinus, Pediculus, Pthirus, Solenopotes, Troester}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/43117.pdf}, author = {Webb,J. E.} } @article {43121, title = {The evolution and host-relationships of the sucking lice of the Ferungulata}, journal = {Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London}, volume = {119}, year = {1949}, note = {222, 149 figs.}, month = {1949}, pages = {133 - 188}, keywords = {Antarctophthirus, Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Echinophthirius, Hybophthirus, Hyracoidea, Lepidophthirus, Linognathus, Microthoracius, parasitophyletic, Pecaroecus, Perissodactyla, Phylogeny, Pinnipedia, Proechinophthirius, Ratemia, Solenopotes, Systematik, Tracheensystem, Troester}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/43121.pdf}, author = {Webb,J. E.} } @article {42742, title = {Parasitismus und Evolution}, journal = {Naturwiss. Rundschau.}, volume = {18/5}, year = {1965}, note = {371}, month = {1965}, pages = {189 - 196}, keywords = {Antarctophthirus, biology, ecology, Mallophaga, Microthoracius, parasitophyletic, Troester}, author = {Osche,G{\"u}nther} } @article {42561, title = {Some observations on Microthoracius cameli (Linnaeus) infestation in camels in Rajasthan, India}, journal = {Ceylon Veterinary Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {1964}, note = {1177}, month = {1964}, pages = {18 - 20}, keywords = {Artiodactyla, Asia, Haematopinus tuberculatus, nicht um Micr. cameli)., Troester, weird}, author = {Lodha,K. R.} } @inbook {42212, title = {Dic{\`e}res {\'e}pizioques}, booktitle = {Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Apt{\`e}res Tomb 3}, volume = {Apt{\`e}res III; VIII; III+IV (incl Atlas)}, year = {1844}, note = {537; Histoire naturelle des Insectes. The url provided is linked to page 313 \& 314 of volume 3 of the book found in the Biodiversity Heritage Library}, month = {1844}, pages = {290 - 361}, publisher = {Librairie Encyclop{\'e}dique de Roret}, organization = {Librairie Encyclop{\'e}dique de Roret}, address = {Paris}, keywords = {asini, Echinophthirius horridus, Enderleinellus nitzschi, Haematopinus eurysternus, Haemodipsus lyriocephalus, Haemodipsus ventricosus, Hoplopleura acanthopus, Linognathus setosus, Microthoracius cameli, Pedicinus eurygaster, Pediculus humanus, Polyplax spinulosa, Prolinognathus, Pthirus pubis, serrata, Solenopotes, spiculifer, spinigera, stenopsis, suis, Troester, Umfassende}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/42212-BHL.pdf}, author = {Gervais,Fran{\c c}ois Louis Paul}, editor = {Walckenaer,Charles Athanase Baron de} } @article {42038, title = {Insectos y acaros ectoparasitos de la vicunja en Pampa Galeras, Ayacucho}, journal = {Revista Peruana de Entom{\'o}logia}, volume = {20}, year = {1977}, note = {1310}, month = {1977}, pages = {93 - 99}, keywords = {Camels, host list, key, mazzai, Microthoracius minor, S{\"u}damerika, Systematik, Troester, Wirtsspezifit{\"a}t}, author = {Dale,W. E. and Venero,Jos{\'e}} } @article {41950, title = {Nova descoberta de Microthoracius mazzai Werneck (Haematopinidea, Anoplura) na alpaca (Lama pacos L.)}, journal = {Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, S{\~a}o Paulo}, volume = {12}, year = {1967}, note = {983}, month = {1967}, pages = {159 - 163}, keywords = {Microthoraicus mazzai, S{\"u}damerika., Troester}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/40362.pdf}, author = {B{\"u}ttiker,Wilhelm W. G.} } @article {40509, title = {Contributions towards a monograph of the sucking lice. Part V}, journal = {Stanford University Publications, University Series, Biological Sciences}, volume = {2}, year = {1932}, note = {Note that the title of this publication was altered between part I and part II. Part I was published in the series "Leland Stanford Junior University Publications, University Series", without volume or part numbers and each part pages separately. In part, this series became "Stanford University Publications, University Series, Biological Sicences", with volume and part numbers. Note that part 1 is dated 1919, but was published in 1920. Taxa covered are as followed: Justrification for the seperation of the following genera from the genus Enderleinellus: Hoplophthirus, Cyclophthirus, Rhinophthirus, Euenderleinellus Justrification for the seperation of the following genera from the genus Hoplopleura: Pterophthirus (a note is provided on Pterophthirus alata and Pterophthirus audax), Ctenura, Euhoplopleura, Ctenopleura, Ferrisella Justrification for the seperation of the following genera from the genus Polyplax and Neohaematopinus: Ahaematopinus A note is povided on Acanthophthirius Perkins and Haematopinus Piaget that have erroniously been refered to as Anoplura. The following taxa are considered: Hoplopleura (cont.) Hoplopleura acanthopus (Burm.) (cont.) Scipio (cont.) Scipio tripedatus n. sp. ex Petromys typicus tropicalis Enderleinellus (cont.) Enderleinellus tamiasis Fahrenholz Haematopinoides Haematopinoides squamosus Osborn Neohaematopinus (cont.) Neohaematopinus sciurinus Mjobergi (cont.) Neohaematopinus pectinifer (Neumann) (cont.) Neohaematopinus faurei (Bedford) Phthirpediculus Phthirpediculus propitheci Ewing Lemurphthirus Lemurphthirus galagus Bedford Docophthirus Docophthirus acinetus Waterston Hamophthirus Hamophthirus galeopitheci Mjobergi Ancistroplax Ancistroplax crocidurae Waterston Bathyergicola Bathyergicola hilli Bedford Bathyergicola lawrensis Bedford Bathyergicola lophiomydis n. sp. ex Lophiomys thomasi Eulinognathus denticulatus Cummings Eulinognathus aculeatus (Neumann) Eulinognathus biuncatus n. sp.Dipodipus sowerbyi Eulinognathus americanus Ewing Eulinognathus parvus (Kellogg and Ferris) Haemodipsus Haemodipsus lyriocephalus (Burmeister) Haemodipsus ventricosus (Denny) Haemodipsus setoni Ewing Linognathus Linognathus setosus (Olfers) Linognathus pedalis (Osborn) Linognathus ovillus (Neumann) Linognathus stenopsis (Burmeister) Linognathus africanus Kellogg and Paine Linognathus oviformis (Rudow) Linognathus saccatus (Gervais) Linognathus vituli (Linnaeus) Linognathus tibialis (Piaget) Linognathus cervicaprae (Lucas) Linognathus brevicornis Giebel Linognathus fractus n. sp. Tragelaphus sylvaticus Linognathus gnu Bedford Linognathus fahrenholzi Paine Linognathus hippotragi n. sp. Hippotragus niger Linognathus taurotragus Bedford Linognathus breviceps (Piaget) Linognathus angulatus (Piaget) Linognathus gazella Mjobergi Linognathus limnotragi Cummings Linognathus pithodes Cummings Linognathus bedfordi n. sp. Antidorcas marsupialis Linognathus spicatus n. sp. Gorgon taurinus Microthoracius Microthoracius praelongiceps (Neumann) Microthoracius cameli (Linnaeus) Solenopotes Solenopotes capillatus Enderlein Solenopotes binipilosus (Fahrenholzia) Solenopotes ferrisi (Fahrenholzia) Solenopotes tarandi (Mjoberg) Solenopotes burmeisteri (Fahrenholzia) Prolinognathus Prolinognathus caviae-capensis (Cummings) Prolinognathus leptocephalus (Ehrenbergi) Descriptions are thorough and well figured.}, month = {1932}, pages = {271 - 413}, keywords = {atax}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/3302.pdf}, author = {Ferris,Gordon Floyd} } @article {40365, title = {Identification of Microthoracius mazzai (Phthiraptera : Anoplura) as an economically important parasite of alpacas}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {35}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {922 - 930}, abstract = {

The hematophagous sucking louse Microthoracius mazzai Werneck, 1932, is redescribed and identified as a parasite of alpacas, Lama pacos L. Specimens were collected on animals 10-14 mo old, located on a large community farm at 4,600 m above sea level in the Peruvian Andes. In total, 26 scanning electron microscope (SEM) figures are included that highlight salient and differential characteristics, especially the unique elongated spindle-shaped head, which is almost as long as its abdomen. Alpacas, 1 of the ii: species of South American camelids, are important

}, keywords = {alpacas, lice, mazzai, Microthoracius, Treatment}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/3109.pdf}, author = {Armando Conrado Cicchino and Cobenas,M. E. M. and Bulman,G. M. and Diaz,J. C. and Laos,A.} } @article {39833, title = {The type specimens of sucking lice (Anoplura) deposited in the Entomological Collection of Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil}, journal = {Mem{\'o}rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz}, volume = {94}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {625 - 628}, abstract = {

This study presents a list of 34 Anoplura type specimens deposited in the Werneck Collection of Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. It includes 18 holotypes, 16 allotypes, 88 paratypes and 10 neotypes, distributed among the genera: Enderleinellus, Fahrenholzia, Haematopinus, Hoplopleura, Linognathus, Microthoracius, Pecaroecus, Polyplax and Pterophthirus. The types are related according to their respective data and literature.

}, keywords = {Anoplura, Brazil, classification, Collection, entomology, Institute, lice, specimens, sucking, type}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/2305.pdf}, author = {Cardozo-de-Almeida,Margareth and Pedro Marcos Linardi and Costa,Jane} }