@article {40286,
	title = {Eprinomectin: a novel avermectin for use as a topical endectocide for cattle},
	journal = {International Journal for Parasitology},
	volume = {26},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {1237 - 1242},
	abstract = {Eprinomectin (MK-397 or 4{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}-epi-acetylamino-4{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}-deoxy- avermectin B-1) is a novel avermectin selected for development as a topical endectocide for all cattle, including lactating dairy cows. Herein, we show its anthelmintic, insecticidal and miticidal activity. To determine its anthelmintic capabilities, eprinomectin was tested topically on Jersey calves at 0.08, 0.2, or 0.5 mg kg(-1) in a probe formulation against experimental infections of adult Haemonchus placei, Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, Cooperia oncophora, C. punctata, Nematodirus helvetianus, Oesophagostomum radiatum and Dictyocaulus viviparus. Eprinomectin removed greater than or equal to 99\% and greater than or equal to 98\% of the adult stage of every species at the 0.5 and 0.2 mg kg(-1) dosage levels, respectively. The lowest dosage (0.08 mg kg(-1)) produced maximal or near maximal efficacy against most of the adult endoparasites with the exception of T. colubriformis (87\%) and C. oncophora (88\%). In a separate test, eprinomectin was evaluated topically against the immature stages of these species at the same dosages. Results showed greater than or equal to 99\% and greater than or equal to 98\% of the adult stage of every species at the 0.5 and 0.2 mg kg(-1) dosage levels, respectively. The 0.08 mg kg(-1) dosage maintained greater than or equal to 97\% efficacy against 6 species with reduced activity against H. placei (42\%) and N. helvetianus (66\%). For ectoparasites, eprinomectin was tested topically at 0.16, 0.24, 0.32 or 0.5 mg kg(-1) on mixed breed cattle naturally infested with the sucking louse, Linognathus vituli. Complete elimination of lice at all dosages was observed by day 14. Topical delivery of eprinomectin at 0.16, 0.24, 0.32 or 0.5 mg kg(-1) to Holstein calves experimentally challenged with horn fly, Haematobia irritans, produced 100\% efficacy to challenge by week 2 post-treatment in all dosage groups and 94\% and 99\% efficacy to challenge at the 0.32 and 0.5 mg kg(-1) dosage groups, respectively, at week 4. Topical delivery of eprinomectin at 0.16, 0.24 or 0.5 mg kg(-1) to Deutsches Fleckvieh cattle infested with mange mites, Chorioptes bovis, produced greater than or equal to 95\% control at all dosage levels by day 14 post-treatment and was maintained at or near this efficacious level for the 6-week duration of the trial. No adverse reaction was observed in any animal in any of these tests. In summary, these experimental data indicate that eprinomectin is an excellent broad-spectrum endectocide for cattle and is suitable far topical delivery.},
	keywords = {avermectins, efficacy, spectrum},
	author = {Shoop,W. L. and Egerton,J. R. and Eary,C. H. and Haines,H. W. and Michael,B. F. and Mrozik,H. and Eskola,P. and Fisher,M. H. and Slayton,L. and Ostlind,D. A. and Skelly,B. J. and Fulton,R. K. and Barth,D. and Costa,S. and Gregory,L. M. and Campbell,W. C. and Seward,R. L. and Turner,M. J.}
}
