@article {96460, title = {Dipylidium caninum in the twenty-first century: epidemiological studies and reported cases in companion animals and humans}, journal = {Parasites \& Vectors}, volume = {15}, year = {2022}, month = {May-10-2022}, pages = {13 pp}, type = {Open Access}, abstract = {

Background Dipilidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum. Fleas and, less frequently, lice act as an intermediate host, and their ingestion is required for infection to occur. While the disease mainly affects domestic and wild carnivores, it is also considered a zoonotic disease, with most human cases reported in children. Dipylidium caninum is considered to be the most common tapeworm infesting companion animals, but dipilidosis in humans is rare. The aims of this review were to improve current understanding of the epidemiology of this parasitosis and its management by the medical and veterinary community.

Methods A comprehensive review of the published literature during the last 21\ years (2000\–2021) on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention measures of D. caninum infection and dipilidiosis in companion animals and humans was conducted.

Results Using predefined eligibility criteria for a search of the published literature, we retrieved and screened 280 publications. Of these, 161 (141 epidemiological studies, 20 case reports [16 human cases]) were considered for inclusion in this review. This parasitosis is present worldwide; however, despite being the most frequent cestode infection in animals, it is often underdiagnosed using common coprological techniques. Its diagnosis in humans has also proved challenging, being frequently confused with pinworm infection, leading to inappropriate treatment and to the persistence of the disease over time. Prevention measures include control of ectoparasites in animals and the environment, as well as regular deworming of animals, most commonly with praziquantel.

Conclusions The diagnosis of dipilidiosis remains challenging in both animals and humans, primarily due to the low sensitivity of the diagnostic methods currently available and a lack of knowledge of the morphological characteristics of the parasite. Although treatment with the appropriate anti-cestode compounds is well tolerated and results in resolution of the infection, indiscriminate use of these compounds may predispose to an increase in resistance. Given the worldwide distribution of this parasite, it is essential to act on several fronts, with a focus on health education for children and animal owners and the control of intermediate hosts, both in animals and in the surrounding environment. Graphical Abstract

}, keywords = {Cats, Diagnosis, Dipylidium caninum, dogs, epidemiology, humans, prevention, Siphonaptera, Treatment, zoonosis}, issn = {1756-3305}, doi = {10.1186/s13071-022-05243-5}, url = {https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-022-05243-5}, author = {Julieta Rousseau and Andry Castro and Teresa Novo and Carla Maia} } @article {96255, title = {Louicidal Efficacy of Essential Oils against The Dog Louse, Trichodectes canis (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae)}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology \& Parasitology}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {Feb-05-2022}, pages = {1-16}, abstract = {

Biting lice are widespread ectoparasites of dogs and other animals. Their management is complicated because of growing levels of resistance to commonly applied pediculicides. Thus, the development of novel approaches to their control is of primary clinical interest. Therefore, we examined the chemical composition of garlic, clove, pumpkin, onion and marjoram essential oils through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and their individual toxicity against the dog lice Trichodectes canis using a contact filter paper bioassay. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 45 compounds in garlic oil, 15 compounds in clove oil, 24 compounds in pumpkin oil, 16 compounds in onion oil and 22 compounds in marjoram oil. 2,3,3-trimethyl Hexane (5.33\%), (+-) -(1S, 3R)-4(S)(a)-Methyladamantan (44.35\%), 2,6,10,14,18,22-Tetracosahexane, Ethyl-2,6,10,15, 19,23-Hexane (31.67\%), (E, E)-2,4-Decadienal (18.64\%) and 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-Cyclohexen-1-ol (CAS) (21.01\%) were the most abundant compounds in garlic, clove, pumpkin, onion and marjoram oils, respectively. All treated groups except marjoram oil showed high levels of toxicity. Clove, garlic and pumpkin oils demonstrated the best loucidal activity reaching 100\% mortality within 15 and 20 minutes. The LC50 values were 10.757, 9.156, 11.325, 27.296 and 15.059 \% for garlic, clove, pumpkin, marjoram and onion oils. Based on the LC50 values, the relative efficacies of the tested oils after 35 minutes compared with that of the marjoram oil as a reference material indicated that, clove, garlic, pumpkin and onion oils were 3.0, 2.5, 2.4 and 1.8, respectively more effective than marjoram oil. The LT50 values, post-treatment with 25\% were 40.659, 48.335, 39.261, 45.744, and 47.974\% respectively. The relative speed of killing lice is almost similar in all tested oils. It could be concluded that clove, garlic and pumpkin oils may offer eco-friendly alternatives of veterinary pediculicides for the control of the dog lice T. canis.

}, keywords = {Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Contact bioassays, Cucurbita pepo, Origanum majorana, Syzygium aromaticum}, issn = {2090-0856}, doi = {10.21608/eajbse.2022.218673}, url = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_218673.html}, author = {Abla D. Abdel-Meguid and Mohamed Y. Ramadan and Hanem F. Khater and Ibrahim T. Radwan} } @article {96181, title = {Ectoparasites of dogs and cats in Albania}, journal = {Parasitology Research }, volume = {105}, year = {2009}, month = {Aug-19-2009}, pages = {1577-1587}, abstract = {

One hundred eighty-one dogs and 26 short-hair cats from suburban areas around Tirana, Albania were examined for ectoparasite infestation. The dogs were examined on several occasions from 2005 through 2009 representing three seasons: winter (December-February), spring (March-May), and summer (June-August); the cats were examined in late autumn (November). In addition, deep ear swab specimens of 30 dogs were examined for ear mites. The arthropod ectoparasite fauna of the dogs included two tick species (Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ixodes ricinus), three mite species (Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis, Otodectes cynotis, and Demodex canis), three flea species (Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, and Pulex irritans), and one louse species (Trichodectes canis). In the dogs, rates of infestation were 23.8\% for R. sanguineus, 0.6\% for I. ricinus, 4.4\% for S. scabiei var. canis, 6.7\% for O. cynotis, 0.6\% for D. canis, 75.7\% for C. canis, 5.0\% for C. felis, 8.3\% for P. irritans, and 6.6\% for T. canis. Mixed infestation with two or three species of ectoparasites was recorded on 38.1\% of the dogs. Fleas infested 75.7\% dogs (geometric mean, 3.96; range, 1-80) and were observed in winter, spring, and summer with increasing prevalences of 64.3\%, 75.9\%, and 100\%. Ticks parasitized 24.3\% of the dogs (geometric mean, 0.41; range, 1-331). R. sanguineus ticks were recorded on 34.2\% and 50\% of the dogs examined in spring and summer, respectively, but were absent on the dogs during winter except for a single I. ricinus specimen observed. Prevalence of infestation with R. sanguineus, S. scabiei var. canis, C. felis, P. irritans, and T. canis did not differ between dogs \< or = 6 months and dogs \> 6 months of age; however, prevalence of infestation with C. canis was significantly (p \< 0.01) higher in dogs \> 6 months old. There was no difference between the sexes for the prevalences of infestation with those parasites. The examination of the cats revealed infestation with only one species of ectoparasite, C. felis (prevalence, 100\%; geometric mean, 2.5; range, 1-9).

}, keywords = {Canis, felis, flea infestation, Flea Species, Mediterranean Spotted Fever}, issn = {0932-0113, 1432-1955}, doi = {10.1007/s00436-009-1591-x}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-009-1591-x}, author = {Dashamir Xhaxhiu and Ilir Kusi and Dhimiter Rapti and Visser,M. and Martin Knaus and Thomas Lindner and Rehbein,S.} } @article {96180, title = {Ectoparasite infestations of urban stray dogs in Greece and their zoonotic potential}, journal = {Tropical Biomedicine}, volume = {33}, year = {2016}, month = {June 2016}, pages = {226-230}, abstract = {

The presence of ectoparasites is very common in stray dogs worldwide. So far there are limited data on the spread of external parasites of dogs in Greece. Due to the potential risk of human infestation and/or transmission of zoonotic agents, knowledge of their abundance and distribution is essential in order to better define preventive measures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of external parasites of stray dogs from the area of Thessaloniki Greece. Out of a total of 242 stray dogs (85 males and 157 females) tested, the greatest percentages of infestation of 46.28\% and 43.8\% by fleas (Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephalides canis) and ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) respectively were observed. Moreover, 15 dogs (6.20\%) were found infested by Sarcoptes scabiei var canis, 8 (3.31\%), by Otodectes cynotis while 4 (1.65\%) dogs were infested by Cheyletiella sp and Demodex canis. Finally, three dogs (1.24\%) were found infested by lice (Trichodectes canis). A statistically significant higher percentage of external parasites was detected in young dogs compared to adults (P=0.0001) and in males compared to females (P\<0.0001), while this difference was not statistically significant in short haired compared to long haired and in small size compared to large size dogs (P=0.6938 and P=0.9934, respectively). The results of this study support the assumption that stray dogs constitute a considerable source of ectoparasites and their infestation is indicative of the presence and abundance of ectoparasites in an area

}, url = {https://msptm.org/files/Vol33No2/226-230-Athanasiou-LV.pdf}, author = {Lefkaditis, Menelaos A. and Athanasiou, Labrini V. and Angela Monica Ionic{\u a} and Koukeri, Smaragda E. and Panorias, Alexandros H. and T. G. Eleftheriadis and Sofia Boutsini} } @article {96095, title = {An annotated checklist of the chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera, Amblycera, Rhynchophthirina) from domestic and wild mammals in Malaysia}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {5263}, year = {2023}, month = {Apr-04-2023}, pages = {40-60}, abstract = {

Literature records of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) from mammals in Malaysia were checked and reviewed, resulting in a list of 13 confirmed species belonging to eight genera (Bovicola, Felicola, Gliricola, Gyropus, Haematomyzus, Heterodoxus, Lorisicola, Trichodectes) from four families (Boopiidae, Gyropidae, Haematomyzidae, Trichodectidae) in three suborders (Amblycera, Ischnocera, Rhynchophthirina). We present a checklist of those 13 chewing lice recorded from Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo, including hosts, localities, and literature references. An additional 12 species are listed and discussed as possibly occurring in this country. A host-louse list is also given. \ 

}, keywords = {checklist, Chewing lice, localities, Malaysia, mammal hosts, references}, issn = {1175-5334, 1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5263.1.2}, url = {https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.5263.1.2}, author = {Abdul-Rahman Kazim and Jamal Houssaini and Dennis Tappe and Chong-Chin Heo} } @article {96009, title = {НОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ О ФАУНЕ ПУХОЕДОВ (MALLOPHAGA) В ВОРОНЕЖСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ}, journal = {Bulletin of Tver State University Series: Biology and Ecology}, volume = {61}, year = {2021}, pages = {53 - 60}, abstract = {

Paper in Russian

На основании инвентаризации материала, собранного в 1990-2020 гг., список пухоедов Воронежской области\  пополнен 15 новыми для региона видами. Впервые указываются 10 видов пухоедов-паразитов птиц: Amyrsidea megalosoma (Overgaard, 1943), Eomenacanthas stramineus Nitzsch, 1818, Dennyus hirundinis (L., 1761), Menopon gallinae
L., 1758, Goniodes truncatus Giebel, 1861, Goniodes piageti Johnston, Harrison, 1912, Goniocotes gallinae De Geer, 1778, Anatoecus dentatus (Scopoli, 1763), Anaticola crassicornis crassicornis (Scopoli, 1763), Columbicola columbae Ewing, 1929, и 5 видов пухоедов-паразитов млекопитающих: Trichodectes canis De Geer, 1778, Felicola subrostratus (Nitzsch, 1838), Bovicola bovis (Linnaeus, 1758), Bovicola caprae (Gurlt, 1798) и Bovicola longicornis L., 1758. На сегодняшний день фауна пухоедов Воронежской области и Центрального Черноземного региона содержит 41 вид Mallophaga.
Ключевые слова: пухоеды, Воронежская область, Mallophaga.

English translated title: New data on the fauna of the Mallophaga in the Voronezh Region

Abstract: Based on the inventory of the material collected in 1990-2020, the list of chewing lice in the Voronezh region was expanded with 15 new species for the region. For the first time, 10 species of parasitic chewing lice are reported: Amyrsidea megalosoma (Overgaard, 1943), Eomenacanthas stramineus Nitzsch, 1818, Dennyus hirundinis (L., 1761), Menopon gallinae
L., 1758, Goniodes truncatus Giebeldes, 1861, Gontiio , 1912, Goniocotes gallinae De Geer, 1778, Anatoecus dentatus (Scopoli, 1763), Anaticola crassicornis crassicornis (Scopoli, 1763), Columbicola columbae Ewing, 1929, and 5 species of down-eating parasites of mammals: Trichodectes canis Ferstus Geerstus (Nitzsch, 1838), Bovicola bovis (Linnaeus, 1758),
Bovicola caprae (Gurlt, 1798) and Bovicola longicornis L., 1758. Today, thus, the fauna of the chewing lice of the Voronezh Region and the Central Black Earth Region contains 41 species of Mallophaga

}, keywords = {Chewing lice, Mallophaga, Voronezh Region}, url = {http://eprints.tversu.ru/10432/1/\%D0\%91\%D0\%B8\%D0\%BE\%D0\%BB\%D0\%BE\%D0\%B3\%D0\%B8\%D1\%8F\%20\%E2\%84\%961-53-60.pdf}, author = {S.P. Gaponov} } @article {96002, title = {Ectoparasite infestation patterns of domestic dogs in suburban and rural areas in Borneo}, journal = {Parasitology Research}, volume = {111}, year = {2012}, month = {Apr-18-2012}, pages = {909-919}, abstract = {

Domestic dogs, Canis lupus, have been one of the longest companions of humans and have introduced their own menagerie of parasites and pathogens into this relationship. Here, we investigate the parasitic load of 212 domestic dogs with fleas (Siphonaptera) chewing lice (Phthiraptera), and ticks (Acarina) along a gradient from rural areas with near-natural forest cover to suburban areas in Northern Borneo (Sabah, Malaysia). We used a spatially-explicit hierarchical Bayesian model that allowed us to impute missing data and to consider spatial structure in modelling dog infestation probability and parasite density. We collected a total of 1,968 fleas of two species, Ctenocephalides orientis and Ctenocephalides felis felis, from 195 dogs (prevalence, 92 \%). Flea density was higher on dogs residing in houses made of bamboo or corrugated metal (increase of 40 \% from the average) compared to timber or stone/compound houses. Host-dependent and landscape-level environmental variables and spatial structure only had a weak explanatory power. We found adults of the invasive chewing louse Heterodoxus spiniger on 42 dogs (20 \%). The effect of housing conditions was opposite to those for fleas; lice were only found on dogs residing in stone or timber houses. We found ticks of the species Rhipicephalus sanguineus as well as Haemaphysalis bispinosa gp., Haemaphysalis cornigera, Haemaphysalis koenigsbergi, and Haemaphysalis semermis on 36 dogs (17 \%). The most common tick species was R. sanguineus, recorded from 23 dogs. Tick infestations were highest on dogs using both plantation and forest areas (282 \% increase in overall tick density of dogs using all habitat types). The infestation probability of dogs with lice and ticks decreased with elevation, most infestations occurred below 800 m above sea level. However, the density of lice and ticks revealed no spatial structure; infestation probability of dogs with these two groups revealed considerable autocorrelation. Our study shows that environmental conditions on the house level appeared to be more influential on flea and lice density whereas tick density was also influenced by habitat use. Infestation of dogs with Haemaphysalis ticks identified an important link between dogs and forest wildlife for potential pathogen transmission.

}, keywords = {Credible Interval, lice, Salb, Spatial Random Effect, Tick Infestation, tick Species}, issn = {0932-0113, 1432-1955}, doi = {10.1007/s00436-012-2917-7}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-012-2917-7}, author = {Konstans Wells and Beaucournu,Jean-Claude and Lance A. Durden and Trevor N. Petney and Maklarin B. Lakim and Robert B. O{\textquoteright}Hara} } @article {95791, title = {Efficacy of afoxolaner (NexGard{\textregistered}) against natural infestations with Trichodectes canis in dogs under field conditions}, volume = {15}, year = {2022}, month = {Sep-07-2022}, abstract = {

Background Trichodectes canis is a small chewing louse found globally that primarily infests dogs. Limited information is available on the efficacy of isoxazolines against infestation with the chewing louse. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of afoxolaner, an isoxazoline class compound, in naturally infested domestic dogs.

Methods The field study was carried out in Romania. Between September 2021 and December 2021, 43 dogs with confirmed T. canis infestation were included in the study. On the day of the inclusion (day 0), each animal was clinically examined and randomly treated with a control product labeled for use against lice [fipronil-(S)-methoprene combination (Frontline Combo\®; Boehringer Ingelheim)] or with the investigational product [chewable tablets containing afoxolaner (NexGard\®; isoxazoline)]. Each animal was evaluated for the presence of lice at 15 and 30\ days post-inclusion.

Results Of the 48 dogs initially included in the study, 43 completed the treatment period [18 in the control group (CG) and 25 in the investigational group (IG)]. At day 14, no living T. canis lice were detected on the dogs in either group. At day 14, dead lice were detected in four dogs in the IG, while eggs were present in two dogs in the IG and in one dog in the CG. At day 30, no lice were detected in either group, while eggs were still present in one dog in the CG.

Conclusion These results suggest that afoxolaner is a feasible treatment option against chewing lice in dogs, providing 100\% curative efficacy.

}, keywords = {Afoxolaner, Chewing lice, Efficacy assessment}, issn = {1756-3305}, doi = {10.1186/s13071-022-05428-y}, url = {https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-022-05428-y}, author = {Mihalca, Andrei D. and Georgiana Deak and Luciana C{\u a}t{\u a}lina Panait and Stefan Rabei and Beugnet,F.} } @article {95535, title = {Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera). Chapter 13.4 in Alien terrestrial arthropods of Europe}, journal = {BioRisk}, volume = {4}, year = {2010}, month = {Jul-06-2010}, pages = {833-849}, abstract = {

A total of 31 Phthiraptera species alien to Europe are listed. They include 24 chewing lice and seven sucking lice of 12 different families. The families Goniodidae (Ischnocera) and Menoponidae (Amblycera) largely dominate the alien entomofauna of chewing lice. Asia is the major supplier of alien Phthiraptera which are mostly associated with poultry farming, game birds, guinea pigs and invasive alien mammals. The recent period did not show any acceleration in alien arrival in Europe. Alien fleas include six species in the families Pulicidae and Ceratophyllidae. Three of them are primarily associated with rats and are capable of transmiting major human diseases such as the bubonic plague and the murine typhus.

}, issn = {1313-2652, 1313-2644}, doi = {10.3897/biorisk.4.65}, url = {https://biorisk.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1867}, author = {Marc Kenis and Alain Roques} } @article {95505, title = {Ectoparasites of dogs in home environments on the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica}, journal = {Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterin{\'a}ria}, volume = {21}, year = {2012}, month = {Jun-01-2012}, pages = {179-183}, abstract = {

Reports on ectoparasites on dogs in Central America are scarce. The aim of this study was to identify flea, louse and tick species infesting dogs in home environments on the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica, and determine their frequency and coexistence. Ectoparasites were collected from dogs in 83 rural homes at five study sites. Specimens were identified and separated according to species. Fleas were the most common ectoparasite (G = 22,217, DF = 8, p = 0.004). Ctenocephalides felis and Pulex simulans were found in 83\% and 55\% of the homes with ectoparasites, respectively. Trichodectes canis (13\%), Heterodoxus spiniger (10\%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (18\%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (5\%) and Amblyomma ovale (8\%) were also present. More than one species was collected in most cases (66\%), and the most common combination was C. felis and P. simulans (59\% of homes with fleas). The high frequency of P. simulans emphasizes the need for adequate identification. This was the first study involving different ectoparasites of dogs in Costa Rica, as well as the first report of T. canis in this country. The relative frequency and coexistence of these ectoparasites in the home environment may have implications for animal and human health.

Portuguese title: Ectoparasitos de c\ães no ambiente dom\éstico da vertente Caribe, Costa Rica

Resumo

Relatos de ectoparasitos em c\ães da Am\érica Central s\ão escassos. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar esp\écies de
pulgas, piolhos e carrapatos que infestam os c\ães no ambiente dom\éstico da vertente Caribe da Costa Rica, determinando
sua frequ\ência e coexist\ência. Foram coletados ectoparasitos de c\ães em 83 casas rurais de cinco s\ítios do estudo. Os
indiv\íduos foram separados e identificados. Os ectoparasitos mais comuns foram as pulgas (G = 22.217, DF = 8,
p = 0.004). Ctenocephalides felis e Pulex simulans foram observados em 83\% e 55\% das moradias com ectoparasitos,
respectivamente. Da mesma forma tamb\ém foram observados Trichodectes canis (13\%), Heterodoxus spiniger (10\%),
Rhipicephalus sanguineus (18\%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (5\%) e Amblyomma ovale (8\%). Na maioria dos
casos, mais de uma esp\écie foi achada (66\%), sendo que a combina\ç\ão mais comum foi C. felis e P. simulans (59\%
de moradias com pulgas). A frequ\ência alta de P. simulans ressalta a necessidade de sua adequada identifica\ç\ão. Este
\é o primeiro estudo que envolve diferentes ectoparasitas de c\ães na Costa Rica, da mesma forma, \é o primeiro relato
de T. canis no pa\ís. A frequ\ência relativa e coexist\ência destes ectoparasitos no ambiente domiciliar poderiam ter
implica\ç\ões na sa\úde animal e humana.


Palavras chave: C\ães dom\ésticos, Pulex simulans, Ixodida, Siphonaptera, Phthiraptera, Costa Rica.

}, keywords = {Costa Rica, Domestic dogs, Ixodida, Pulex simulans, Siphonaptera}, issn = {1984-2961}, doi = {10.1590/s1984-29612012000200021}, url = {https://www.scielo.br/j/rbpv/a/ybWjpCDYKnTGqQKJjzSbyTQ/?lang=en}, author = {Adriana Troyo and Calder{\'o}n-Arguedas,Olger and Gilbert Alvarado and Luis E. Vargas-Castro and Adri{\'a}n Avenda{\~n}o} } @article {95504, title = {Distribution of ectoparasites of Canis lupus familiaris L. (Carnivora: Canidae) from Panama}, journal = {Revista MVZ C{\'o}rdoba}, volume = {16}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, pages = {2274-2282}, abstract = {

Objective. To determine the distribution of ectoparasites in dogs in Panama. Materials and methods. There were surveyed 720 canines belonging to 57 communities. Results. The results showed that 84\% of the dogs were infested with at least one species of ectoparasite. Dogs from lowlands showed a higher percentage of parasitism and a greater biodiversity of parasites than dogs from highlands. There were found seven species of ticks, four species of fleas, two species of lice, and one specie of botfly. The ticks Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Amblyomma cajennense, A. ovale and the flea Ctenocephalides felis were widespread; however Ixodes boliviensis and Pulex simulans showed a much narrower geographic distribution and they were found only in dogs from highlands. The flea species Rhopalopsyllus cacicus and the tick Haemaphysalis juxtakochi were found for the first time in panamanian dogs. Conclusions. The environmental situation in Panama, can encourage that wildlife ectoparasites parasitized dogs in absence of their native hosts. This condition may increase transmission risk of some diseases where the ticks and fleas are vectors.

Spanish title: Distribuci\ón de los ectopar\ásitos de Canis lupus familiaris L. (Carnivora: Canidae) de Panam\á

Resumen: Objetivo. Determinar la distribuci\ón de ectopar\ásitos de perros en Panam\á. Materiales y m\étodos. Se examinaron 720 individuos en 57 comunidades. Resultados. Los resultados demostraron que el 84\% de los perros presentaron al menos una especie de ectopar\ásito. Los perros de tierras bajas mostraron un mayor porcentaje de parasitismo y mayor biodiversidad de par\ásitos que los animales de tierras altas. Se encontraron siete especies de garrapatas, cuatro de pulgas, dos de piojos y una de mosca. Las garrapatas Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Amblyomma cajennense, A. ovale y la pulga Ctenocephalides felis mantuvieron una distribuci\ón m\ás amplia; mientras que Ixodes boliviensis y Pulex simulans s\ólo se reportaron en tierras altas. La pulga Rhopalopsyllus cacicus y la garrapata Haemaphysalis juxtakochi se reportaron por primera vez en perros de Panam\á. Conclusiones. La situaci\ón medioambiental en Panam\á puede propiciar que la fauna de ectopar\ásitos parasiten perros ante la ausencia de hospederos nativos, esta condici\ón puede aumentar el riesgo de transmisi\ón de algunas enfermedades en las que las garrapatas y pulgas son vectores.

Palabras clave: Perros, ectopar\ásitos, Panam\á. (Fuente: DeCS, ICYT, AIMS)

}, keywords = {dogs, ectoparasites, Panama}, issn = {1909-0544}, doi = {10.21897/rmvz.285}, url = {https://revistas.unicordoba.edu.co/index.php/revistamvz/article/view/285}, author = {Sergio Berm{\'u}dez and Roberto Miranda} } @article {95448, title = {Parasites of importance for human health in Nigerian dogs: high prevalence and limited knowledge of pet owners}, journal = {BMC Veterinary Research}, volume = {4}, year = {2008}, month = {Dec-01-2008}, pages = {9 pp}, abstract = {

Background Dogs are the most common pet animals worldwide. They may harbour a wide range of parasites with zoonotic potential, thus causing a health risk to humans. In Nigeria, epidemiological knowledge on these parasites is limited.

Methods In a community-based study, we examined 396 dogs in urban and rural areas of Ilorin (Kwara State, Central Nigeria) for ectoparasites and intestinal helminths. In addition, a questionnaire regarding knowledge and practices was applied to pet owners.

Results Nine ectoparasite species belonging to four taxa and six intestinal helminth species were identified: fleas (Ctenocephalides canis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans), mites (Demodex canis, Otodectes sp., Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis), ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ixodes sp.), and lice (Trichodectes canis); and Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma sp., Trichuris vulpis, Dipylidium caninum, Taenidae and Strongyloides sp. Overall prevalence of ectoparasites was 60.4\% and of intestinal helminths 68.4\%. The occurrence of C. canis, R. sanguineus, T. canis, Ancylostoma sp. and T. vulpis was most common (prevalence 14.4\% to 41.7\%). Prevalence patterns in helminths were age-dependent, with T. canis showing a decreasing prevalence with age of host, and a reverse trend in other parasite species. Knowledge regarding zoonoses was very limited and the diseases not considered a major health problem. Treatment with antiparasitic drugs was more frequent in urban areas.

Conclusion Parasites of importance for human health were highly prevalent in Nigerian dogs. Interventions should include health education provided to dog owners and the establishment of a program focusing on zoonotic diseases.

}, keywords = {canis familiaris}, issn = {1746-6148}, doi = {10.1186/1746-6148-4-49}, url = {https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1746-6148-4-49}, author = {Ugbomoiko,U. S. and Liana Ariza and J{\"o}rg Heukelbach} } @article {95386, title = {OCCURRENCE OF HETERODOXUS SPINIGER (INSECTA: PHTHIRAPTERA: AMBLYCERA: BOOPIDAE) ON THE DOGS OF ODISHA}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2020}, month = {04-2020}, pages = {435 - 438}, abstract = {

Out of the two species of biting lice known to parasitize the dog, Canis familiaris, one species, Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein, 1909) has been collected for first time from aforesaid host in Ganjam district of Odisha. All the collected specimens contained red contents compatible with host blood in their crops. The morphological features of H. spiniger have been noted with the help of LM as well as SEM.

}, keywords = {canis familiaris, Insecta}, issn = {2320-5407}, doi = {10.21474/IJAR01/10794}, url = {http://www.journalijar.com/article/32205/occurrence-of-heterodoxus-spiniger-(insecta:-phthiraptera:-amblycera:--boopidae)-on-the-dogs-of-odisha/}, author = {Aftab Ahmad and Gupta, Neelima and Arun Kumar Saxena and G} } @article {95349, title = {Activity Areas or Conflict Episode? Interpreting the Spatial Patterning of Lice and Fleas at the Precontact Yup{\textquoteright}ik Site of Nunalleq (Sixteenth to Seventeenth Centuries AD, Alaska)}, journal = {{\'E}tudes Inuit Studies}, volume = {43}, year = {2019}, month = {2019}, pages = {197-221}, abstract = {

Archaeoentomological research at the precontact site of Nunalleq (sixteenth and seventeenth centuries AD), Southwest Alaska, has identified hundreds of lice and fleas that infested both the human inhabitants of the site and their canine companions. As lice are host specific, staying attached to the host\’s hair or fur during the totality of their lifecycle, they are generally considered excellent indicators of activity areas. Fleas, however, are relatively less common in archaeological contexts and, since they are mobile and able to infest several different host species, their potential use in the spatial reconstruction of activities is more limited. At Nunalleq, the study of insects from the most recent archaeological contexts produced very different spatial distribution patterns for human lice, fleas, and dog lice. This article compares these archaeoentomological data with other datasets available for the site (carrion-feeding flies, human hair, fur, coprolites, projectile points, and pieces of clothing) with the aim of establishing the phenomena that produced the distinct spatial distributions observed.

French title: Aires d\’activit\és ou \épisode de conflit ? Les ph\énom\ènes \à l\’origine de la distribution spatiale des poux et des puces \à Nunalleq (XVI-XVII si\ècles apr\ès J.C., Alaska)

R\ésum\é

\À Nunalleq, un site yup\’ik pr\écontact (XVIe et XVIIe si\ècles apr\ès J.C.) du sud-ouest de l\’Alaska, des centaines de poux et de puces ayant infest\é les habitants du site ainsi que leurs chiens ont pu \être identifi\és. Puisque les poux sont sp\écifiques \à leur h\ôte, demeurant attach\és aux poils ou \à la fourrure de celui-ci pendant la totalit\é de leur cycle de vie, ils sont g\én\éralement consid\ér\és comme d\’excellents indicateurs d\’aires d\’activit\és. Les puces sont relativement plus rares en contexte arch\éologique. Mobiles et capables d\’infester plusieurs esp\èces-h\ôtes diff\érentes, leur potentiel dans la reconstitution spatiale des activit\és semble, a priori, plus limit\é. Or, \à Nunalleq, les r\ésultats de l\’\étude des insectes provenant des contextes arch\éologiques les plus r\écents ont produit des sch\émas de distribution spatiale tr\ès diff\érents entre les poux et les puces de l\’Homme et \également les poux du chien. Cet article compare ces donn\ées arch\éoentomologiques avec d\’autres corpus de donn\ées disponibles \à Nunalleq (mouches n\écrophages, cheveux humains, fourrure, coprolithes, pointes lithiques, pi\èces vestimentaires) dans l\’objectif de reconstituer les ph\énom\ènes \à l\’origine de ces distributions spatiales distinctes.

Mots-cl\és :\  Ectoparasites, arch\éoentomologie, conflit, Yup\’ik, Alaska

}, keywords = {Alaska, archaeoentomology, conflict, ectoparasites, Yup{\textquoteright}ik}, issn = {0701-1008}, doi = {10.7202/1071945ar}, url = {http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1071945ar}, author = {V{\'e}ronique Forbes and Huchet, J.-B. and Ellen McManus-Fry and Yan Axel G{\'o}mez_Coutouly and Julie Masson-MacLean and {\'E}douard Masson-MacLean and Paul M. Ledger and Kate Britton and Charlotta Hillerdal and Rick Knecht} } @mastersthesis {95348, title = {Hygi{\`e}ne et consid{\'e}rations hygi{\'e}niques des Inughuits du nord-ouest du Groenland {\'E}tude arch{\'e}oentomologique des sites d{\textquoteright}Iita, Cap Grinnell et Qaqaitsut au Groenland}, volume = {Master of Arts}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, pages = {117 pp}, school = {UNIVERSIT{\'E} LAVAL QU{\'E}BEC}, type = {Thesis presented to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of Universit{\'e} Laval as part of the master{\textquoteright}s program in archeology}, address = {QU{\'E}BEC}, abstract = {

Thesis in French

Au cours du XIXe si\ècle et au d\ébut du XXe si\ècle, de nombreux explorateurs se sont rendus dans le nord-ouest du Groenland. Les Inughuits vivant dans cette r\égion de l\&$\#$39;Arctique se sont retrouv\és au coeur m\ême, durant cette p\ériode, d\&$\#$39;une s\érie de rencontres et de relations : dans un premier temps, les explorateurs ont \établi un premier contact et, par la suite, les anthropologues et les ethnologues se sont int\éress\és \à eux. Au cours de ces t\êtes \à t\êtes, une grande quantit\é d\&$\#$39;\écrits ont \ét\é produits. Toutefois, ces documents peignent un portrait fort contradictoire de ce peuple : d\&$\#$39;une part, les r\écits des explorateurs sont souvent tr\ès peu flatteurs, surtout sur le plan des pratiques hygi\éniques des habitants de cette r\égion, tandis que les ouvrages des anthropologues apportent une vision plus nuanc\ée de l\&$\#$39;hygi\ène des Inughuits. Cette contradiction que l\&$\#$39;on rel\ève dans la litt\érature, en ce qui touche \à la perception des pratiques hygi\éniques des Inughuits, n\&$\#$39;a jamais \ét\é \étudi\ée. Afin d\&$\#$39;\éclaircir la situation et apporter une r\éponse \à cette contradiction, il est propos\é d\&$\#$39;adopter une approche multidisciplinaire visant l\&$\#$39;\étude des ectoparasites d\&$\#$39;humains sur les sites d\&$\#$39;Iita, Cap Grinnell et Qaqaitsut. En combinant les r\ésultats arch\éoentomologiques \à l\&$\#$39;analyse de la tradition orale des Inughuits, il est possible d\&$\#$39;apporter un \éclairage nouveau sur les conditions de vie des humains du pass\é de ces sites.

}, url = {https://corpus.ulaval.ca/jspui/handle/20.500.11794/22861}, author = {Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Dussault} } @article {95258, title = {Ectoparasites infesting dogs and cats in Bishoftu, central Oromia, Ethiopia}, journal = {Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports}, volume = {15}, year = {2019}, month = {01-2019}, pages = {6 pp}, abstract = {

A total of 200 dogs and 137 cats were examined for the presence of fleas, ticks and lice in Bishoftu, central Oromia, Ethiopia from September 2009 through April 2010. At least one ectoparasite species was found on 97\% (194/200) of the dogs and 90.5\% (124/137) of the cats. On dogs, fleas (Ctenocephalides felis (95\%), Pulex irritans (20.5\%), Echidnophaga gallinacea (9\%) and Xenopsylla cheopis (0.5\%)), ticks (Haemaphysalis leachi (17.5\%), Amblyomma variegatum (8.5\%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (8\%), Rhipicephalus pulchellus (5.5\%) and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (2.5\%)) and lice (Heterodoxus spiniger (5\%), Linognathus setosus (1.5\%) and Trichodectes canis (0.5\%)) were identified. On cats, fleas (C. felis (61.7\%), E. gallinacea (24.1\%), P. irritans (1.5\%) and X. cheopis (0.7\%)) and ticks (Ha. leachi (10.9\%), Am. variegatum (1.5\%) and Rh. sanguineus (0.7\%)) were identified. C. felis was identified as the predominant ectoparasite on both dogs and cats. The overall frequency and count of ectoparasites was higher on dogs than on cats. Significantly higher overall frequency of fleas on young versus adult cats (p = .01) was recorded. However, ticks were significantly higher on adult cats than on young cats (p = .01). In conclusion, this study demonstrated great species diversity and high frequency of ectoparasites on dogs and cats in the study area. Further studies are required to investigate the role of these ectoparasites in transmission of zoonotic pathogens to humans and animals in Ethiopia.

}, keywords = {arthropods, companion animals, East Africa, fleas, lice, ticks}, issn = {24059390}, doi = {10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100263}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405939018300480}, author = {Bersissa Kumsa and Yonas Abiy and Fufa Abunna} } @article {95228, title = {L{\textquoteright}animal-amphitryon: arch{\'e}ologie de l{\textquoteright}ectoparasitisme}, journal = {Anthropozoologica}, volume = {51}, year = {2016}, month = {06-2016}, pages = {55 - 65}, abstract = {

R\ÉSUM\É: Les parasites externes, ou ectoparasites, partagent avec leurs h\ôtes une longue histoire co\évolutive. Enfouis dans les s\édiments ou encore fix\és aux poils de quelques momies animales, certains ont pu se conserver jusqu\’\à nous. Leur \étude, qui s\’inscrit conjointement dans les domaines de l\’arch\éoentomologie et de l\’arch\éoparasitologie, nous renseigne sur l\’origine et la diffusion de ces insectes et arachnides parasites, mais \également sur le r\ôle fondamental que ces derniers ont pu jouer dans la transmission de germes pathog\ènes.

MOTS CL\ÉS: Arch\éoentomologie,arch\éoparasitologie,ectoparasites animaux,puces,tiques,mallophages,hippobosques.

Englsh ttle: Amphitryon-animals:Archaeology of ectoparasitism

Abstract: External parasites, or ectoparasites, share a long co-evolutionary history with their hosts. Buried in sediments or still attached to the fur of some mummified animals, some of them have been pre-served up to our days. Their study, forming part both of archaeoentomology and archaeoparasitology disciplines, provides relevant information about the origin and spread of these parasitic insects and arachnids as well as on the key role they have played in the transmission of microbial pathogens

}, keywords = {animal ectoparasites, archaeoentomology, Archaeoparasitology, fleas, louse flies, sucking louses, ticks}, issn = {0761-3032}, doi = {10.5252/az2016n1a4}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5252/az2016n1a4}, author = {Huchet, J.-B.} } @article {95149, title = {Prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods on wild animals and cattle in the Las Merindades area (Burgos, Spain)}, journal = {Parasite}, volume = {18}, year = {2011}, month = {08-2011}, pages = {251 - 260}, type = {Open Access}, abstract = {

This paper reports the prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods in sampled groups of wild (n = 128; 16 species) and domestic (n = 69; 3 species) animals in the Las Merindades area of the Province of Burgos, Spain. The study revealed that wild animals were more infested and with a wider variety of ectoparasites than domestic animals. The parasitic prevalence was 67\% for wild animals and 48\% for livestock. In this way, 39\% of animals were infected by ticks. Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes hexagonus were the most prevalent species whereas Dermacentor reticulatus showed affinity for the fox and wolf. The overall prevalence of parasitisation by fleas was 27\%. Ctenophthalmus spp. showed the wider range host in wild animals, while Pulex irritans was the most frequent specie found. The parasitic prevalences by lice (Trichodectes melis, Trichodectes canis and Trichodectes mustelae) and by mite (Neotrombicula spp., Laelaps agilis and Sarcoptes scabiei) were 4\% and 12\%, respectively. In both cases only wild animals were found parasited.

R\ésum\é

Cet article pr\ésente la pr\évalence des arthropodes ectoparasites dans des \échantillons d\’animaux sauvages (n = 128 ; 16 esp\èces) et domestiques (n = 69 ; 3 esp\èces) dans la r\égion de Las Merindades de la province de Burgos, en Espagne. L\’\étude a r\év\él\é que les mammif\ères sauvages ont \ét\é plus infest\és et ont \ét\é touch\és par une plus grande vari\ét\é d\’ectoparasites que les animaux domestiques. La pr\évalence parasitaire a \ét\é de 67 \% pour les animaux sauvages et 48 \% pour le b\étail. Ainsi, 39 \% de tous les animaux ont \ét\é infect\és par les tiques. Ixodes ricinus et Ixodes hexagonus ont \ét\é les esp\èces les plus r\épandues, alors que Dermacentor reticulatus a montr\é une affinit\é pour le renard et le loup. La pr\évalence globale du parasitisme par les puces a \ét\é de 27 \%. Ctenophtalmus spp a montr\é la plus large gamme d\’h\ôtes chez les animaux sauvages, tandis que Pulex irritans a \ét\é l\’esp\èce la plus fr\équemment trouv\ée. Les pr\évalences parasitaires par les poux (Trichodectes melis, Trichodectes canis et Trichodectes mustelae) et par les acariens (Neotrombicula spp., Laelaps agilis et Sarcoptes scabiei) ont \ét\é de 4 \% et 12 \%, respectivement. Dans les deux cas, seuls les animaux sauvages ont \ét\é trouv\és parasit\és.

Mots cl\és : ectoparasites / animaux sauvages / animaux domestiques / \épid\émiologie / Espagne

}, keywords = {domestic animals, ectoparasites, epidemiology, Spain, Trichodectes mustelae, wild animal}, issn = {1252-607X}, doi = {10.1051/parasite/2011183251}, url = {http://www.parasite-journal.org/10.1051/parasite/2011183251}, author = {Gerardo Dom{\'\i}nguez-Pe{\~n}afiel and Consuelo Gim{\'e}nez-Pardo and Mar{\'\i}a Isabel Geg{\'u}ndez and Lourdes Lled{\'o}} } @article {94868, title = {Checklist of ectoparasites of Canidae and Felidae in M{\'e}xico}, journal = {Therya}, volume = {10}, year = {2019}, month = {2019}, pages = {109 - 119}, abstract = {

We report an updated checklist of ectoparasites associated with canid and felid species in Mexico. We provide taxonomic authority, specific host associations, collection localities with appropriate citations from the literature, and museum collection information, when available. A total of 31 tick, 4 mite, 18 flea, and 4 louse species are reported from 10 host species (4 canids and 6 felids) across 29 states in Mexico.


Reportamos una lista anotada actualizada de las especies de ectoparásitos de cánidos y felinos en México. Proveemos la autoridad taxo- nómica, las asociaciones específicas, localidades de recolecta y referencias; así como la información de museos y colecciones, cuando estan disponibles. Un total de 31 especies de garrapatas, 4 de ácaros, 18 pulgas y 4 de piojos se reportan de 10 hospederos (4 cánidos y 6 felinos) en 29 estados de México.

}, keywords = {Acari, Canidae, Felidae, flea, Ixodida, louse, mexico, mite, Phthiraptera, Siphonaptera, tick.}, issn = {2007-3364}, doi = {10.12933/therya-19-784}, url = {http://www.revistas-conacyt.unam.mx/therya/index.php/THERYA/article/view/784}, author = {Jessica E. Light and Eckerlin,Ralph P. and Lance A. Durden} } @article {94675, title = {Studies on the prevalence of ectoparasites in owned dogs and major risk infestation to human health in Karachi, Singh Pakistan}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, intensity and distribution of natural infestation of ectoparasites and their species in owned dogs during the period of June to November 2017 in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. One hundred fifty domestic dogs (90 males, 60 females) with age ranging from 60 days to 9 years were examined for ectoparasites infestation including (tick, lice, flea and mite) in Karachi city. A prevalence of ectoparasites 43.33\% was identified in dogs. A total number of 164 ectoparasites were collected. The most common ectoparasites were Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick, which infested 59 of the 150 dogs (39.33\%) followed by Ctenocephalides canis and Demodex canis was identified on 7/150 dogs (4.67\%), Dermacentor reticulates and Trichodectes canis 6/150 dogs (4.0\%) respectively and Ctenocephalides felis 2/150 (1.33\%), that the highest infestation rate was seen in June (30.86\%). No itching and scratching was found in 93.6 percent. Ectoparasites were significantly higher in outdoor dogs as compared with indoor group and the most tick infested location was around head and neck (60.0\%).

}, keywords = {ectoparasite, Karachi, owned dogs, Prevalence, risk infestation}, url = {https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20183344053}, author = {Mujeeb-ur-Rahman Memon and Jahan Ara Baloch and Abdullah G. Arijo and Allah Bux Kachiwal and Nida Pirzada} } @article {94481, title = {Prevalence of ectoparasites in dogs of Shimoga, Karnataka}, journal = {Journal of Parasitic Diseases}, volume = {41}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-03-2017}, pages = {167 - 170}, abstract = {

A study was carried out to ascertain the status of ecto-parasites infesting dogs of Shimoga region. A total of 120 dogs with the history of skin problems presented to the local hospitals and local pet clinics of Shimoga region were screened for different ecto-parasites. The ticks, fleas and lice were collected, processed and identified. The skin scrapings were also collected from the affected dogs and processed for identification of mites. Out of 120 dogs examined, 59 (49.1 \%) had harboured ecto-parasites. Among 59 infested pet dogs, 22 (37.28 \%) positive for Fleas, 18 (30.5 \%) for ticks, 09 (15.2 \%) for Lice, 07 (11.8 \%) for Sarcoptic mange and 03 (5.0 \%) were for Demodectic mange conditions. The two species of fleas were identified as Ctenocephalides canis 13 (59 \%) and Ctenocephalides felis 9 (41 \%). The ticks and lice species were identified as Riphicephalus sanguineus and Tri- chodectus canis respectively. The mite species infecting dogs were identified as Sarcoptes scabeii and Demodex canis based on the morphological character. The Preva- lence of ectoparasites was more in stray and adults dogs compared to pet dogs and puppies respectively.

}, keywords = {dogs, Ecto-parasites, Prevalence, Shimoga}, issn = {0971-7196}, doi = {10.1007/s12639-016-0770-9}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12639-016-0770-9}, author = {C. M. Krishna-murthy and K. J. Ananda and J. Adeppa} } @article {94385, title = {Lus hos und i Sverige}, journal = {Svensk veterin{\"a}rtidning}, volume = {50}, year = {1998}, pages = {189 - 191}, abstract = {

English title: Prevalence of lice found on dogs in Sweden

An investigation was performed on the prevalence of lice found on dogs in Sweden. The survey had two parts.

The first study was based on the submissions made by veterinary practitioners throughout Sweden, to the National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala. Samples were received from 117 dogs, representing 49 breeds, during April-June 1997. Detailed hisory was also obtained, which included age and sexc of the dog, previous treatment and the number of dogs kept by owener. All except 3, of these submissions were positive \ for lice and the overwhelming proportion (96\%0 were found to be Linognathus setosus, with the remainder being Trichodectes canis. No mixed infections were observed. The submissions from the 3 dogs which were negative for lice were found to be the tick Ixodes ricinus.

The second study consists of 66 dogs infected with lice. Tje cases were diagnosed in animals presented at the dermatology service at the Bla Stjarnan small animal hospital in Gothenburg, between January 1996 and March 1997. This work only detected L. setosus.

It is claerly apparent that the blood sucking louse, L. setosus is the most abundant louse found on dogs in Sweden. There was no consistent relationship with the presence and/or abundance of lice and age of sex of dogs. Although 83 \% of the infected dogs were represented by long-haired brreds, there is no significant coorelation between hair length and susceptibility to lice, as 65 \% of all dog registered in Sweden are long hair.

Lice infection of dogs seems to be a reccuring problem, as 40 \% of oweners reported that they had previously treated their dogs against lice with ectoparasiticides. It is also seems that density of dogs plas an important role, as five of the six kennel establishments of the first investigation had treated their dogs previously.

.\ 

}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/94385.pdf}, author = {Christensson,D. and G{\"o}ran Zakrisson and Birgit Holm and Gunnarsson,L.} } @article {94312, title = {First Report of Chewing Lice Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein, 1909) and Trichodectes canis(De Geer, 1778) on Domestic Dogs at Tabasco, Mexico}, journal = {Southwestern Entomologist}, volume = {42}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-06-2017}, pages = {409 - 418}, abstract = {

ice are small wingless insects in the order Phthiraptera. Historically, the chewing louse Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein) was described from marsupials to the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris L.). Clinical manifestations of infestations by chewing lice are characterized by intense irritation and inflammation of the skin. We found six of 337 domiciled dogs from Tabasco State, Southeastern Mexico infested by chewing lice. Dogs were systematically examined, and ectoparasites were removed using a fine-toothed comb. Lice were deposited on a white sheet of paper and placed into plastic containers. The dog houses sampled were typically small and built of cement, and most inhabitants lived in vulnerable conditions. This is the first record of H. spiniger and the dog biting louse, Trichodectes canis (De Geer), infesting domestic dogs in Mexico. H. spiniger was present in the six dogs infested by lice, and T. canis co-infested one of them. Therefore, six infested dogs (100\%) were positive for H. spiniger and one (17\%) for T. canis. The importance of this report is that both ectoparasites are recognized as vectors of zoonotic diseases. Further studies are needed to clarify lice distribution, prevalence, and vectorial importance of neglected parasitic infections in Southeast Mexico.

}, keywords = {chewing louse, dogs, mexico, Tabasco}, issn = {0147-1724}, doi = {10.3958/059.042.0211}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.3958/059.042.0211}, author = {Oswaldo M. Torres-Chable and Carlos M. Baak-Baak and Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo and Claudia V. Zaragoza-Vera and Guadalupe Arjona-Jimenez and Lluvia G. Moreno-Perez and Pablo Medina-Perez and Carlos Machain-Williams and Julian E. Garcia-Rejon} } @article {68796, title = {Experimental treatment of dog lice infestation in interior Alaska wolf packs}, journal = {The Journal of Wildlife Management}, volume = {77}, year = {2013}, month = {Jan-04-2013}, pages = {626 - 632}, abstract = {

Biting dog lice (Trichodectes canis) were first detected on wolves (Canis lupus) in Southcentral
Alaska (USA) in 1981 introduced via domestic dogs. Lice infestation expanded north via wolf dispersal to the
Tanana Flats of Interior Alaska in December 2003. Effects of this ectoparasite on wolves were persistent with
moderate to severe clinical signs of pediculosis lasting multiple generations. Our objectives were to evaluate
the extent of lice infestation on wolves within the Tanana Flats and develop a management program that
limited further transmission. We implemented a treatment method that consisted of multiple applications of
oral antiparasitic ivermectin-injected baits aerially distributed at den and rendezvous sites during mid-May
through August. During 2005\–2010, we evaluated 12\–19 packs annually as part of a treatment group and
3 infested packs as a control. Infestation rates of treatment packs prior to treatment varied from 15\% in 2005
(2 of 13), 50\% in 2006 (7 of 14), 24\% in 2007 (4 of 17), 5\% in 2008 (1 of 19), and 0\% in 2009\–2010 (0 of 19).
We treated 50\%, 71\%, and 75\% of the infested treatment packs during 2005\–2007, respectively. All treated
packs were lice-free the winter following treatment, whereas all 3 control packs remained infested. The
combination of treatment and harvest successfully eliminated the local source population of lice within 3 years
and we found no evidence of lice infestation within the treatment area during the last 3 years of the study. By
using this treatment method, managers can eliminate dog lice infestations of wolves in areas 13,000 km2
.
By initiating treatment promptly after detection, transmission to unexposed nearby packs can be postponed
and the local source population of lice on wolves eradicated. 

}, doi = {10.1002/jwmg.495}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jwmg.495}, author = {Gardner, Craig L. and Beckmen, Kimberlee B. and Pamperin, Nathan J. and Del Vecchio, Patricia} } @article {48035, title = {Endoparasites of the Northern Burgos Wolf (Canis lupus signatus Cabera, 1907)}, journal = {Galemys}, volume = {14}, year = {2002}, note = {Trichodectes canis on page 55}, month = {2002}, pages = {49 - 58}, abstract = {With the purpose of extending the knowledge of the endoparasites in the Iberian wolf we spent two years (2000-2001) collecting fresh faeces of three family groups in Burgos North area. Within the thirteen samples found to have parasite elements (72\%), of the eigthteen collected, we identified nine taxons, namely two protozoans, six nematodes and one cestode. The most prevailing taxon was Sarcocystis spp. (44.4\%) while the less common were the two ascaridoids found, Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina, (5.5\% each) and the only cestode with identical percentage. Uncinaria stenocephala was less prevalent than Ancylostoma caninum (11.1\% and 16.6\% respectively) something unusual in Iberian and European populations. It draws attention the high frecuency of Spirocerca lupi, a nematode, parasitizingthe wolf, it is reported for the first time in Spain. In addition to this we analized the parasite fauna from the perspective of the human and animal health. }, keywords = {Canis, Trichodectes}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47174.pdf}, author = {Dominguez,G. and de la Torre,J. A.} } @book {48008, title = {Key-catalog of insects of importance in public health}, series = {Bulletin}, volume = {150}, year = {1928}, note = {Trichodectes canis, page 316}, month = {1928}, publisher = {Hyg. Lab.}, organization = {Hyg. Lab.}, author = {Sties,C. W. and Hassall,A.} } @article {47897, title = {North Burgos (Spain) wild mammals ectoparasites}, journal = {Galemys}, volume = {15}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, abstract = {Twenty seven species of arthropods and three undetermined taxa (Acari, Mesostigmata), werecollected between August 1997 and December 2000 from 105 mammals studied. A total of 87 (82,8\%) animals harboured ectoparasites. Ticks were found in 60\% of the cases (63 animals), fleas in 51,4\% (54 animals), lice in 3,8\% (4 animals), and others (acari and hippoboscids) in 3,8\% (4 animals). The 41,3\% were single infestation and the 58,7\% mixed infestation for two or more species of ectoparasites. All wolves (Canis lupus) and badgers (Meles meles) studied were infested. Some of the species of arthropods were new records in Spain and our Community for a several host: Trichodectes canis and Paraceras melis melis on wolf, Ixodes trianguliceps on red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), Ixodes canisuga on badger, Monopsyllus sciurorum sciuroum on pine marten (Martes martes) and wild cat (Felis silvestris), P. melis melis on fox (Vulpes vulpes), stone marten (Martes foina) and polecat (Mustela putorius). Besides, two fleas were new records for Spain: Chaetopsylla matina on stone marten and Archaeopsylla erinacei erinacei on hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). }, keywords = {Survey, Trichodectes}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47034.pdf}, author = {Dominguez,G.} } @article {47665, title = {New records of lice Trichodectidae (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) in Uruguay}, journal = {Veterinaria, (Montevideo)}, volume = {41}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {31 - 34}, abstract = {

Publication in Spanish. Title:\ Nuevos registros de piojos Trichodectidae (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) para Uruguay.

The lice (Phthiraptera) are a poorly studied group in Uruguay. In this work new contributions for the family Trichodectidae, as well as the listing of all registered species until the moment in the country, are carried. Eutrichophilus cordiceps Mj\öberg, 1910, Neotrichodectes chilensis Werneck, 1948, Stachiella fallax (Werneck, 1948) and Trichodectes galictidis Werneck, 1934 are considered new records for the country. Additionally Bovicola caprae (Gurlt, 1843) and Trichodectes canis (De Geer, 1778) are correctly documented and confirmed through material deposited in collection. In this way, the number of Trichodectidae species confirmed for Uruguay rises to 12.

}, keywords = {mammals, Uruguay}, issn = {0376-4362}, url = {https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20073127097}, author = {Jos{\'e} Manuel Venzal and Castro,O. and de-Souza,C. and Correa,O.} } @article {47591, title = {First records of Tricodectes canis (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) from Darwin{\textquoteright}s fox, Pseudalopex fulvipes (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae)}, journal = {European Journal of Wildlife Research}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, abstract = {

The presence of the dog biting louse, Trichodectes canis (De Geer, 1778; Ischnocera: Trichodectidae), is reported for the first time in the critically endangered Pseudalopex fulvipes (Martin, 1837) in Chilo\é Island, south Chile.

}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46716.pdf}, author = {Daniel Gonz{\'a}lez-Acu{\~n}a and Crist{\'o}bal Brice{\~n}o and Armando Conrado Cicchino and Funk,Stephan and Jaime Jim{\'e}nez} } @article {47192, title = {Presence and effects of the dog louse Trichodectes canis (Mallophaga, Trichodectidae) on wolves and coyotes from Minnesota and Wisconsin}, journal = {American Midland Naturalist}, volume = {114}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {404 - 405}, author = {Mech,D. L. and Thiel,R. P. and Fritts,S. H. and Berg,W. E.} } @article {47190, title = {Trichodectes canis (De Geer, 1778) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera), a new ectoparasite of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in the Czech Republic}, journal = {European Journal of Wildlife Research}, volume = {51}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {133 - 135}, abstract = {The raccoon (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is described as a host of the dog biting louse, Trichodectes canis (De Geer, 1778). The present note reports the occurrence of this species of louse on two raccoon dogs from Moravia and Bohemia. The specimens of T. canis collected on this host differed from T. canis originating from the domestic dog by body size only.}, keywords = {dog, lice, Phthiraptera, Raccoon, Survey}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46300.pdf}, author = {B{\'a}dr,Vladimir and {\v S}tefan,Petr and Preisler,Ji{\v r}i} } @article {46583, title = {Trichodectes canis on the gray wolf and coyote on Kenai Peninsula, Alaska}, journal = {Journal of Wildlife Diseases}, volume = {19}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {372 - 373}, keywords = {Alaska, Alopecia, animals, Carnivora, Lice Infestations/epidemiology/veterinary, Lice/pathogenicity, Species Specificity}, isbn = {0090-3558}, doi = { https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-19.4.372}, url = {https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/19/4/372/193528/Trichodectes-canis-on-the-Gray-Wolf-and-Coyote-on}, author = {Schwartz,Charles C. and Stephenson,Robert and Wilson,Nixon} } @article {46297, title = {Use of fipronil to eliminate recurrent infestation by Trichodectes canis in a pack of bloodhounds}, journal = {Veterinary Record}, volume = {139}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {95}, author = {Cooper,P. R. and Penaliggon,J.} } @article {46051, title = {Evaluation of the efficacy of fipronil formulations in the treatment and control of biting lice, Trichodectes canis (De Geer, 1778) on dogs}, journal = {Veterinary parasitology}, volume = {107}, year = {2002}, note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 7602745; 0 (Aerosols); 0 (Insecticides); 0 (Pyrazoles); 120068-37-3 (fipronil); ppublish}, month = {2002}, pages = {127 - 136}, address = {Netherlands}, abstract = {

The efficacy of FRONTLINE SPRAY (0.25\% (w/v) fipronil), FRONTLINE SPOT-ON FOR DOGS (10\% (w/v) fipronil) and FRONTLINE PLUS FOR DOGS (10\% (w/v) fipronil and 9\% (S)-methoprene) against the biting louse Trichodectes canis on dogs was confirmed under laboratory conditions. A field study evaluated the efficacy of a single topical application of FRONTLINE SPRAY and FRONTLINE SPOT-ON against the parasite on dogs. A total of 48 dogs of mixed breeds, both sexes, aged 2 months-7 years and weighing 1.8-37.0kg were used. The animals were either experimentally (laboratory study) or naturally (field study) infested with lice. Dogs were housed individually in order to prevent contact between animals. In the laboratory study, animals were allocated based on pre-treatment louse counts from 38 hair coat-partings per animal. Dogs were randomly assigned to the four treatment groups: (1) untreated control; (2) FRONTLINE SPRAY, at 6ml/kg; (3) FRONTLINE SPOT-ON as per label and (4) FRONTLINE PLUS as per label. Dogs in treatment groups 2-4 were treated twice topically on Days 0 and 28. The number of live lice in the 38 hair coat-partings per animal were counted on Days 2, 7 and weekly to Day 63. In addition, a whole body comb count was performed on Day 63. No live T. canis were found on dogs treated with FRONTLINE formulations at any post-treatment examination. The difference from controls was significant (P98\% on Day 2 and, 100\% on Days 28 and 42 in all treatment groups. The results of these studies demonstrate that fipronil in topical formulations is effective for treatment and control of biting lice (T. canis) infestations on dogs.

}, keywords = {Administration, Topical, Aerosols, animals, Dog Diseases, insecticide, Lice Infestations/drug therapy/prevention \& control/veterinary, Mallophaga, Pyrazoles, Treatment Outcome}, isbn = {0304-4017}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00090-0}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304401702000900}, author = {Pollmeier,M. and Pengo,G. and Jeannin,P. and Soll,M.} } @article {46010, title = {Efficacy of selamectin against biting lice on dogs and cats}, journal = {Veterinary Record}, volume = {152}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {234 - 237}, abstract = {The efficacy of selamectin was evaluated against naturally acquired Trichodectes canis infestations on dogs and against Felicola subrostratus infestations on cats. Twenty dogs and 18 cats were randomly allocated to treatment with either a placebo or selamectin (6 mg/kg), administered topically once only on day 0. The treatment had no adverse effects in either the dogs or the cats. Efficacy was assessed by counting the live lice (adults and nymphs) on each animal by using a coat-parting technique on days -3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 for the dogs, and on days -1, 7, 21, 35 and 42 for the cats. On day 43, the number of live lice on each dog was also assessed by using a whole-body combing technique. Selamectin was 100 per cent effective in killing biting lice on the dogs and cats throughout the period of assessment; the louse counts on the treated dogs and cats were significantly lower than the pretreatment counts (P = 0.0001) and were also significantly lower than on the placebo-treated dogs (P < 0.05) and cats (P = 0.0001). There was a marked reduction in the prevalence of clinical signs associated with ectoparasite infestation in the treated dogs and no clinical signs were observed in any of the treated cats.}, keywords = {Administration, Cutaneous, animals, Bovicola, cat, Dog Diseases, Felicola, insecticide, Ivermectin/administration \& dosage/analogs \& derivatives/therapeutic use, lice, Lice Infestations/drug therapy/veterinary, Treatment Outcome}, author = {Shanks,D. J. and Gautier,P. and McTier,T. L. and Evans,N. A. and Pengo,G. and Rowan,T. G.} } @article {45915, title = {North Spain (Burgos) wild mammals ectoparasites}, journal = {Parasite (Paris, France)}, volume = {11}, year = {2004}, note = {JID: 9437094; ppublish}, month = {2004}, pages = {267 - 272}, address = {France}, abstract = {Twenty-seven species of arthropods were collected from 105 wild mammals, six wolves Canis lupus (Linnaeus, 1758) included. A total of 87 animals (82.8\%) harboured some ectoparasites. Ticks were found in 60\% of the samples, fleas in 51.4\%, chewing-lice in 3.8\%, and others (Mesostigmata and hippoboscids) in 3.8\%. Moreover, 42.5\% were single infestation and 57.5\% mixed. Some of the species were new records for a host in spanish country such as Trichodectes canis (De Geer, 1778), Ixodes trianguliceps (Birula, 1895), Ceratophyllus (Monopsyllus) S. sciurorum (Schrank, 1803) and Paraceras melis melis (Walker, 1856) on several mammals. Two species were new records for Spain: Chaetopsylla matina (Jordan, 1925) and Archaeopsylla erinacei erinacei (Bouche, 1835).}, keywords = {animals, Animals, Wild/parasitology, Arthropods/classification, Disease Vectors, ectoparasite, fleas, geography, lice, Mallophaga classification, mammal, Phylogeny, Prevalence, Spain, Species Specificity, ticks}, isbn = {1252-607X}, author = {Dominguez,G.} } @article {44829, title = {Wlasoed sobaki - Trichodectes canis}, journal = {Malaja Encyklopedij a praktieeskoj medicini}, volume = {1}, year = {1927}, month = {1927}, pages = {740}, author = {Pawlowsky,E. N.} } @article {43369, title = {Trichodectes canis: Severe pediculosis in coyotes}, journal = {Veterinary Medicine - Small Animal Clinician}, volume = {73}, year = {1978}, month = {04/1978}, pages = {503 - 505}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/43369.pdf}, author = {Foreyt,William J. and Long,G. G. and Gates,N. L.} } @article {42897, title = {A descriptive study of the life history stages of the dog biting louse, Trichodectes canis (DeGeer) (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae)}, journal = {Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society}, volume = {44}, year = {1949}, month = {1949}, pages = {89 - 97}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/41383.pdf}, author = {Crystal,Maxwell M.} } @article {39928, title = {Presence and effects of the dog louse Trichodectes canis (Mallophaga, Trichodectidae) on wolves and coyotes from Minnesota and Wisconsin}, journal = {American Midland Naturalist}, volume = {114}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {404 - 405}, author = {Mech,L. D. and Thiel,R. P. and Fritts,S. H. and Berg,W. E.} } @article {39761, title = {Field study on the insecticidal efficacy of advantage against natural infestations of dogs with lice}, journal = {Parasitology Research}, volume = {85}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {347 - 348}, abstract = {A clinical field trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of imidacloprid, the active ingredient of Advantage 10\% Spot- On, against natural lice infestations on dogs. Imidacloprid was highly effective against both sucking (Linognathus setosus) and biting (Trichodectes canis) lice over the 6-week period of the trial. The duration of efficacy exceeded the egg-to-image development period of both lice. Signs of remission of dermatitis and alopecia became visible to the pet owners at 2 weeks after treatment. The constant pruritus caused by the lice was seen for up to 2-4 weeks after treatment even in the absence of lice.}, author = {Hanssen,I. and Mencke,N. and Asskildt,H. and Ewald-Hamm,D. and Dorn,H.} } @article {39730, title = {Treatment of Trichodectes canis louse infestation in a puppy, with fipronil}, journal = {Point Veterinaire}, volume = {30}, year = {1999}, note = {267EJ POINT VET}, month = {1999}, pages = {55 - 58}, keywords = {Control, Dog Diseases, Ischnocera}, author = {Bordeau,W.} } @article {39261, title = {The early literature on Mallophaga. Part IV, 1787-1818}, journal = {Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology}, volume = {9}, year = {1960}, note = {As well as redescribing many of the following taxa including many figures and plates, Clay \& Hopkins establish synonymy of the following taxa. Page numbers are also given: adustus Olfers present status Philopterus corvi (Linn., 1758) p. 26 anatis Fabricius present status Anaticola crassicornis (Scopoli, 1763) p. 10 anserinus Fabricius present status Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius, 1805) p. 21 atratus Nitzsch present status Philopterus atratus Nitzsch, 1818 p. 32 atrum Nitzsch present status Laemobothrion (Eulaemobothrion) atrum (Nitzsch, 1818) p. 53 attenuatus Nitzsch present status Nomen nudum p. 39 baculus Nitzsch present status Columbicola columbae ( Linn., 1758) p. 43 bifurcatus Olfers present status Gliricola porcelli (Schrank 1781) p. 23 chelidonius Schrank present status Name rejected as that of a chimaera p. 19 chloropodis Schrank present status Laemobothrion (Eulaemobothrion) chloropodis (Schrank, 1803) p. 14 collurionis Schrank present status Philopterus coarctatus (Scopoli: 1763) p. 11 communis Nitzsch present status Philopterus citrinellae (Schrank 1776) p. 34 conspurcatum Nitzschpresent status Trinoton anserinum (J. C. Fabricius, 1805) p. 51 crassus Nitzsch present status Trichodectes melis (Fabricius, 1805) p. 44 cucullare Nitzsch present status Myrsidea cucullaris (Nitzsch, 1818) p. 48 dubius Nitzsch present status Trichodectes mustelae (Schrank 1803) p. 45 ebraeus Nitzschpresent status Esthiopterum gruis (Linn., 1758) p. 43 elongatus Olferspresent status Ricinus elongatus (Olfers, 1816) p. 26 excisus Nitzsch present status Philopterus excisus Nitzsch, 1818 p. 35 falcicornis Nitzsch present status Goniodes pavonis (Linn., 1758) p. 44 filiformis Olfers present status Columbicola filiformis (Olfers, 1816) p. 31 fornicatus Olfers present status Saemundssonia sternae (Linn., 1758) p. 30 fulicae Schrank present status Incidifrons fulicae (Linn., 1758) p. 18 giganteum Nitzschpresent status Laemobothrion circi (Fourcroy, 1785) p. 52 globifer Olferspresent status Philopterus citrinellae (Schrank, 1776) p. 31 gracilis Nitzsch present status Gliricola porcelli (Schrank, 1781) p. 58 hasticeps Olfers present status Laemobothrion tinnunculi (Linn., 1758) p. 25 hasticeps Nitzsch present status Laemobothrion tinnunculi (Linn., 1758) p. 52 hirundinis Schrank present status Philopterus excisus Nitzsch, 1818 p. 19 hologaster Nitzsch present status Goniocotes galinae (De Geer, 1778) p. 44 icterodes Nitzsch present status Anatoecus icterodes (Nitzsch, 1818) p. 37 jejunus Nitzsch present status Anaticola anseris (Linn., 1758) p. 43 lanii Fabricius present status Philopterus coarctatus (Scopoli, 1763) p. 7 latus Nitzschpresent status Trichodectes canis (De Geer, 1778) p. 44 leontodon Nitzschpresent status Sturnidoecus sturni (Schrank, 1776) p. 35 lituratum Nitzsch present status Nomen nudum p. 52 longicornis Nitzsch present status Damalinia longicornis (Nitzsch, 1818) p. 45 luridus Nitzsch present status Fulicoffula lurida (Nitzsch, 1818) p. 40 melis Fabricius present status Trichodectes melis (Fabricius, 1805) p. 21 mesoleucum Nitzsch present status Myrsidea cornicis (De Geer, 1778) p. 51 milvi Schrank present status Laemobothrion circi (Fourcroy, 1785) p. 19 minutus Nitzsch present status Nomen nudum p. 39 minutum Nitzsch present status Menacanthus curuccae (Schrank, 1776) p. 51 mustalae Schrankpresent status Trichodectes mustelae (Schrank, 1803) p. 11 nitidissimum Nitzsch present status Ricinus fringillae (De Geer, 1778) p. 58 ochraceum Nitzsch present status Actornithophilus ochraceus (Nitzsch, 1818) p. 45 ovisarietis Schrank present status Damalinia ovis (Schrank, 1781) p. 11 pallidum Nitzsch, present status Menopon gallinae (Linn., 1758) p. 46 phaeopodis Schrank, present status Austromenopon phaeopodis (Schrank, 1802) p. 10 phanerostigmaton Nitzsch, present status Cuculiphilus fasciatus (Scopoli, 1763) p. 51 pici Fabricius, present status Penenirmus pici (J. C. Fabricius, 1798) p. 7 pici Schrank, present status Rejected as a junior homonym p. 12 platyrhynchus Nitzsch, present status Craspedorrhynchus haematopus (Scopoli, 1763) p. 35 prognes Schrank, present status Name rejected as that of a chimaera p. 20 pterocephalus Olfers, present status Ricinus rubeculae (Schrank, 1776) p. 31 rotundus Rudow, present status Saemundssonia scolopacisphaeopodis (Schrank, 1803) p. 16 scalaris Burmeister, present status Penenirmus pici (J. C. Fabricius, 1798) p. 7 scalaris Nitzsch, present status Damalinia bovis (Linn., 1758) p. 45 scolopacisphaeopodis Schrank, present status Saemundssonia scolopacisphaeopodis (Schrank, 1803) p. 15 setosus Olfers, present status A member of the Anoplura p. 25 sphaerocephalus Olfers, present status Damalinia ovis (Schrank, 1781) p. 25 sphaerocephalus Nitzsch, present status Damalinia ovis (Schrank, 1781) p. 45 squalidus Nitzsch, present status Anaticola crassicornis (Scopoli, 1763) p. 43 stramineum Nitzsch, present status Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch, 1818) p. 47 stylifer Nitzsch, present status Chelopistes meleagridis (Linn., I 758) p. 44 subrostratus Nitzsch, present status Nomen nudum p. 44 sulphureum Nitzsch, present status Ricinus dolichocephalus (Scopoli, 1763) p. 58 tantali Fabricius, present status Ardeicola tantali (Fabricius, 1798) p. 10 temporalis Nitzsch, present status Anaticola mergiserrati (De Geer, 1778) p. 43 tetragonocephalus Olfers, present status Goniodes pavonis (Linn., 1758) p. 30 totani Schrank, present status Actornithophilus totani (Schrank, 1803) p. 18 trigonocephalus Olfers, present status Menopon gallinae (Linn., 1758) p. 30 tringae Schrank, present status Rejected as an unidentifiable junior homonym p. 15 truncatus Olfers, present status Dennyus hirundinis (Linn., 1758) p. 31 upupae Schrank, present status Upupicola upupae (Schrank, 1803) p. 12 urogalli Schrank, present status Name rejected as that of a memory p. 18 vagelli Fabricius, present status Ancistrona vagelli (J. C. Fabricius, 1787)p. 4 vanelli Schrank, present status Quadraceps junceus (Scopoli, 1763) p. 15 versicolor Nitzsch, present status Ardeicola ciconiae (Linn., 1758) p. 39}, month = {1960}, pages = {1 - 61}, abstract = {

This, the fourth and final part of the series of papers reviewing the species of Mallophaga described between 1758 and 1818, deals with publications by J. C. Fabricius (1787, 1794, 1798, 1805); G. W. F. Panzer (1798); F. V. P. Schrank (1802, 1803); J. Fr. M. von Olfers (1816) and C. L. Nitzsch (1818).

}, keywords = {Language}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0685.pdf}, author = {Theresa Clay and George H. E. Hopkins} } @article {39222, title = {The early literature of Mallophaga. Part III, 1776-1786}, journal = {Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology}, volume = {3}, year = {1954}, note = {Clay and Hopkins continue their series on Pediculus. The folowing taxa are considered, listed by their original specific name and their present status. Numbers refer to the page numbers in the paper: agonum Nitzsch Ricinus rubeculae (Schrank) 224 alaudae Schrank Menacanthus alaudae (Schrank) 226 anatis Schrank Anatcola crassicornis (Scopoli) 225 arcticus Mj{\"o}berg Saemundssonia tringae (O. Fabricius) 249 attenuatus Burmeister Rallicola ortygometrae (Schrank) 255 bassani O. Fabricius Pectinpygus bassani (O. Fabricius) 247 bifurcatus Olfers Gliricola porcelli (Schrank) 254 canis DeGeer Trichodectes canis (De Geer) 243 canis O. Fabricius Trichodectes canis (De Geer) 244 chloridis Schrank Philopterus citrinellae (Schrank) 229, 232 circi Fourcroy Laemobothrion circi (Fourcroy) 258 citrinellae Schrank Philopterus citrinellae (Schrank) 227, 232 clangulae O. FabriciusAnaticola clangulae (O. Fabricius) 246 communis Nitzsch Philopterus citrinellae (Schrank) 228 compar Piaget Philopterus curvirostrae (Schrank) 229 cornicis De Geer Myrsidea cornis (De Geer) 237 curuccae Schrank Menacanthus curuccae (Schrank) 223 curvirostrae Schrank Philopterus curvirostrae (Schrank) 229, 232 emberizae De Geer Philopterus citrinellae (Schrank) 237 fringillae DeGeer Ricinus fringillae (De Geer) 235 gallinae De Geer Goniocotes gallinae (De Geer) 242 giganteum Nitzsch Laemobothrion circi (Fourcroy) 258 globifer Olfers Philopterus citrinellae Schrank) 228 gracilis Nitzsch Gliricola porcelli (Schrank) 254 grylle O. Fabricius Saemundssonia grylle (O. Fabricius 247 hiaticulae O. FabriciusQuadraceps hiaticulae (O. Fabricius) 251 hologaster Nitzsch Goniocotes gallinae (De Geer) 242 lari DeGeer Trinoton querquedulae (Linn.) 239 lari O. Fabricius Saemundssonia lari (O. Fabricius) 248 lariphaga TimmermannSaemundssonia lari (O. Fabricius) 248 latus Nitzsch Trichodectes canis (De Geer) 244 leontodon Nitzsch Sturnidoecus sturni (Schrank) 232 megacephalus Denny Saemundssonia grylle (O. Fabricius) 247 mergi J. C. Fabricius Anaticola c. mergiserrati (De Geer) 241 mergiserrati De Geer Anaticola c. mergiserrati (De Geer) 240 mesoleucum Nitzsch Myrsidea cornicis (De Geer) 237 milvi Schrank Laemobothrion circi (Fourcroy) 258 minutum Nitzsch Menacanthus curuccae (Schrank) 223 nigrolimbatum Giebef Laemobothrion circi (Fourcroy) 259 nitidissimus Nitzsch Ricinus fringillae (De Geer) 236 ortygometrae Schrank Rallicola ortygometrae (Schrank) 255 ovis shrank Damalinia ovis (Schrank) 254 ovisarietis Schrank Damalinia ovis (Schrank) 255 parviceps Piaget Menacanthus alaudae (Schrank) 226 passeris Fourcroy Philopterus fringillae (Scopoli) 263 phasiani J. C. FabriciusChelopistes phasiani (J. C. Fabricius) 234 porcelli Schrank Gliricola porcelli (Schrank) 254 procellariae Mohr Unrecognisable 264 pterocephalus Olfers Ricinus rubeculae (Schrank) 224 pyrrhulae Schrank Philopterus citrinellae (Schrank) 229, 232 pyrrhulae Piaget Philopterus citrinellae (Schrank) 229 rubeculae Schrank Ricinus rubeculae (Schrank) 223 saviae Schrank Gliricola porcelli (Schrank) 254 sphaerocephalus OlfersDamalinia ovis (Schrank) 255 sphaerocephalus NitzschDamalinia ovis (Schrank) 255 sturni Schrank Sturnidoecus sturni (Schrank) 232 subaequalis Haan Myrsidea cornicis (De Geer) 238 temporalis Nitzsch Anaticola c. mergiserrati (De Geer) 241 tringae Fabricius Saemundssonia tringae (O. Fabricius) 249}, month = {1954}, pages = {221 - 266}, abstract = {

This part, the third of a series of papers in which it is intended to review the species of Mallophaga described between 1758 and 1818, deals with the twelve species described by F. Schrank in 1776 and 1781 ; the two species by O. F. M\üller in 1776 ; the single species by J. C. Fabricius in 1777 ; the seven species by De Geer in 1778 ; the seven species by O. Fabricius in 1780 ; the three species by A. F. Fourcroy in 1785 ; the single species described by Mohr in 1786. As in previous instalments, the references following the headings are to the original work. .

}, keywords = {mtax, PHP}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0639.pdf}, author = {Theresa Clay and George H. E. Hopkins} }