@article {96350, title = {The First Data on Parasitic Arthropods of the European Bison in the Summer Season with a World Checklist}, journal = {Diversity}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {Jan-22-2022}, pages = {14 pp}, abstract = {

The European bison (wisent) Bison bonasus is not only the largest terrestrial mammal in Europe, but also an example of the successful restitution and reintroduction of a species that became extinct in nature at the beginning of the 20th century. Even so, it remains a rare, protected species, and one susceptible to varied threats, including diseases. It has a specific parasitofauna, comprising only a few specific species retained with the last hosts in the restitution process, and some others acquired from other ungulates, or via environmental interactions. The current data on parasitic arthropods originated from the winter season, and less frequently, from autumn and early spring. The present study contains the first information on the occurrence of arthropods in the European bison (n = 6) in the summer season, which is the period of their increased activity. Data on the seasonal and populational dynamics of ectoparasites have been verified; specific parasite species (Demodex bisonianus, Bisonicola sedecimdecembrii, and recently described Demodex bialoviensis) and typical parasite species (Chorioptes bovis, Ixodes ricinus) have been recorded. The data refer to the information from other study periods, summarizing and valorizing data on parasitic arthropods in the form of a global checklist. These arthropods occur in European bison frequently (prevalence reaches up to 100\%), but they are present in small numbers, and do not present a burden for the host; only sometimes, with high intensity of infection, they cause parasitoses (chorioptosis, mallohagosis). However, as an effect of regular activity, by penetrating the skin of the host, they create gateways for secondary infections, and hematophagous parasites (e.g., ticks) can be vectors of pathogens that can be hazardous, even at low infection levels. The identification of the parasitological threats faced by European bison is not only important from the standpoint of the study object, i.e., the Bia{\l}owie{\.z}a Forest European bison population, from which the existing bison population of Europe has been derived, but also the fact that their transfer to different parts of Europe can entail the additional transfer of their parasites.

}, keywords = {Acari, Bisonicola sedecimdecembrii, checklist, ectoparasites, Insecta, parasites, wild ungulates, wisent}, issn = {1424-2818}, doi = {10.3390/d14020075}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/2/75}, author = {Izdebska,J. N. and Leszek Rolbiecki and Wojciech Bielecki} } @article {96322, title = {Contribution to the knowledge of ectoparasites of swallows in a semi arid region of Algeria}, journal = {Journal of Entomological Research}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, month = {Jan-01-2022}, pages = {428-433}, abstract = {

An inventory of ectoparasites was carried out on 120 young House martin living (Delichon urbica) in 18 nests in Tebessa province (South-Eastern Algeria). A total of 104 samples were collected and identified, nine species of ectoparsites, belonging to two classes: Arachnida and Insecta with relative abundance of 21.14\% and 78.86\% respectively. The identified species are: Ixodes lividus, Ixodes frontalis, Ceratophyllus gallinae, Ceratophyllus hirundinis, Callopsylla sp., Ceratophyllus sp., Xenopsylla sp., Stenepteryx hirundinis and Menacanthus sp. The predominant species of total ectoparasites was Ixodes lividus in abundance 17.30\% followed by eratophyllus hirundinis and Xenopsylla sp. with 15.38\%, and other species whose abundance varies between 14.42\% and 3.84\%. The distribution of ectoparasite groups on the young body of Delichonurbica is irregular, the lice have a wide distribution, they are found on the belly feathers (61.16\%). However, ticks are mainly localized on the wings (100\%) and fleas are mainly found on the ears (54.84\%) and nasal cavities (42.92\%)

}, keywords = {Delichon urbica, fleas, Insecta, lice, tebessa, ticks}, issn = {0378-9519, 0974-4576}, doi = {10.5958/0974-4576.2022.00076.7}, url = {https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:jer\&volume=46\&issue=2\&article=036}, author = {Fenghour Hind and Bouabida Hayette and Dris Djemaa and Houhamdi Moussa} } @article {95992, title = {HOW DOES A BLOOD FEEDING LOUSE (PHTHIRAPTERA: INSECTA) SURVIVE STARVATION: FOUR CASE STUDIES OF LICE ON HUMMINGBIRDS (TROCHILIDAE: AVES) AND CONSEQUENCES OF OVERCROWDING OF ADULTS AND THEIR EGGS}, journal = {Regnellea Scientia}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, pages = {106-115}, abstract = {

RESUMO Os mal\ófagos (Phthiraptera) s\ão ectoparasitos de aves e pouco se conhece sobre sua biologia. Os mal\ófagos de beija-flores estudados aqui, s\ão da fam\ília Ricinidae, e alimentam-se de sangue de seu hospedeiro. Aqui, apresentamos quatro experimentos para investigar como eles se comportam na falta de seu alimento usual, e os eventos que ocorrem com seus ovos no caso de haver uma superpopula\ç\ão em um hospedeiro.

Palavras-chave: Phthiraptera, Insecta, Mal\ófagos, Ovos, Superpopula\ç\ão.

ABSTRACT Lice (Phthiraptera) are ectoparasites of birds and little is known about their biology. Lice of hummingbirds, studied here belong to the Ricinidae Family and feed on the host\’s blood. Here, we present four experimental cases to test how they cope with the lack of their blood meal, and what happens to their eggs when there is a large population in one host

}, keywords = {Chlorostilbon lucidus, eggs, Insecta, lice, Overcrowding}, url = {https://sites.google.com/view/revista-regnellea-scientia/artigos/how-does-a-blood-feeding-louse-phthiraptera-insecta-survive-starvation}, author = {Oniki,Yoshika and Willis,Edwin O.} } @article {95981, title = {Insects from the southwest Australia biodiversity hotspot: a barometer of diversity and threat status of nine host-dependent families across three orders}, journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, volume = {27}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {3-18}, abstract = {

The mass loss of insects is gaining momentum in the twenty-first century, compared with the previous 100 years. The loss is coinciding with accelerating threats, including megafires, flooding, temperature extremes, urbanisation, and habitat loss. In global diversity hotspots, where endemism is high, and native vegetation highly impacted, many insect species would likely be both endemic and threatened. However, insect diversity, endemicity and threat status are largely unknown in these regions. Here we assess the biodiversity and status of host-dependent insects in the southwest Australian (SWWA) hotspot. We selected nine insect families across three orders; Tingidae, Achilidae, Derbidae, Dictyopharidae, Triozidae (Hemiptera), Micropterigidae, Heliozidae (Lepidoptera), Boopidae, and Philopteridae (Psocodea). These families had 632+\ species, of which 255 (~\ 40\%) were described. One species was formally listed as threatened, but a further 245 species potentially require conservation management. Threatening processes include coextinction (through loss or reduction in host populations), climate change, altered fire regimes, habitat loss, and fragmentation of host populations. Taxonomic and resourcing bias has inhibited attempts to describe the diversity and biogeography of the region, precluding comprehensive conservation assessments for the majority of insect families.
Implications for insect conservation

Given the scale and intensity of threats faced by a hyperdiverse insect fauna in the southwest Australia biodiversity hotspot, a systematic approach to manage habitats at a landscape scale is most likely to succeed in conserving species in the short-term. Longer term solutions require addressing these knowledge gaps, thus increasing our understanding of the diversity and conservation needs of insect families in southwest Australia.

}, keywords = {Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi, Bettongia penicillata penicillata, coextinction, Insecta, IUCN Red List, Threat status, Threatened species lists, Threatening processes}, issn = {1366-638X, 1572-9753}, doi = {10.1007/s10841-022-00443-x}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10841-022-00443-x}, author = {Melinda L. Moir and D. A. Young} } @article {95386, title = {OCCURRENCE OF HETERODOXUS SPINIGER (INSECTA: PHTHIRAPTERA: AMBLYCERA: BOOPIDAE) ON THE DOGS OF ODISHA}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2020}, month = {04-2020}, pages = {435 - 438}, abstract = {

Out of the two species of biting lice known to parasitize the dog, Canis familiaris, one species, Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein, 1909) has been collected for first time from aforesaid host in Ganjam district of Odisha. All the collected specimens contained red contents compatible with host blood in their crops. The morphological features of H. spiniger have been noted with the help of LM as well as SEM.

}, keywords = {canis familiaris, Insecta}, issn = {2320-5407}, doi = {10.21474/IJAR01/10794}, url = {http://www.journalijar.com/article/32205/occurrence-of-heterodoxus-spiniger-(insecta:-phthiraptera:-amblycera:--boopidae)-on-the-dogs-of-odisha/}, author = {Aftab Ahmad and Gupta, Neelima and Arun Kumar Saxena and G} } @article {94538, title = {Name-bearing type specimens in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids \& Nematodes (CNC)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4526}, year = {2018}, month = {May-11-2020}, pages = {101}, abstract = {

Actual title of the paper: Name-bearing type specimens in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids \& Nematodes (CNC): Blattodea, Dermaptera, Notoptera, Mecoptera, Megaloptera, Myriapoda, Neuroptera, Odonata, Orthoptera, Phthiraptera, Pseudoscorpiones, Psocoptera, Raphidioptera \& Siphonaptera

Abstract
A catalogue is provided for the name-bearing types of most of the less diverse arthropod groups deposited in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids \& Nematodes (CNC). There are 90 name-bearing types of Myriapoda [Chilopoda (3 types), Diplopoda (2)], Arachnida [Pseudoscorpiones (1)], and Insecta [Blattodea (1), Dermaptera (1), Notoptera (3), Mecoptera (3), Megaloptera (2), Neuroptera (11), Odonata (2), Orthoptera (5), Phthiraptera (2), Psocoptera (10), Raphidioptera (1) and Siphonaptera (43)]. Three myriapod syntypes are represented by an unknown number of specimens. Holotypes for Plesiorobius canadensis Klimaszewski \& Kevan (Neuroptera) and Sphaeropsocoides canaden- sis Grimaldi \& Engel (Psocoptera) are amber-preserved fossils. Portions of the holotype of Chaetospania assamensis Sakai are considered lost, as are an unknown number of syntype specimens for the centipede species Ethopolys alaskanus Chamberlin and E. integer Chamberlin. Collembola types were treated in Stebaeva et al. (2016), and Araneae, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera will be treated in future catalogues, completing inventories for the orders without associated research staff in the CNC. Definitions of relevant type specimens are provided, as is a preliminary sum- mary of all 16,710 name-bearing type specimens held by the CNC, including those of the more diverse orders for which there are associated research staff: Nematoda, Acari, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera/Thysanoptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera.

}, keywords = {arachnida, Arthropoda, catalogue, holotype, Insecta, lectotype, Myriapoda, neotype, syntype}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4526.2.1}, url = {https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4526.2.1}, author = {Owen Lonsdale and Michelle M. Locke} } @article {94423, title = {Taxonomy of lice and their endosymbiotic bacteria in the post-genomic era}, journal = {Clinical Microbiology and Infection}, volume = {18}, year = {2012}, month = {Jan-04-2012}, pages = {324 - 331}, abstract = {

Recent studies of molecular and genomic data from the parasitic lice of birds and mammals, as well as their mutualistic endosymbiotic bacteria, are changing the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of these organisms. Phylogenetic studies of lice suggest that verte- brate parasitism arose multiple times from free-living book and bark lice. Molecular clocks show that the major families of lice arose in the late Mesozoic and radiated in the early Cenozoic, following the radiation of mammals and birds. The recent release of the human louse genome has provided new opportunities for research. The genome is being used to find new genetic markers for phylogenetics and population genetics, to understand the complex evolutionary relationships of mitochondrial genes, and to study genome evolution. Genomes are informing us not only about lice, but also about their obligate endosymbiotic bacteria. In contrast to lice and their hosts, lice and their endosymbionts do not share common evolutionary histories, suggesting that endosymbionts are either replaced over time or that there are multiple independent origins of symbiosis in lice. Molecular phylogenetics and whole genome sequencing have recently provided the first insights into the phylogenetic placement and metabolic characteristics of these distantly related bacteria. Comparative genomics between distantly related louse symbionts can provide insights into conserved metabolic functions and can help to explain how distantly related species are fulfilling their role as mutualistic symbionts. In lice and their endosymbionts, molecular data and gen- ome sequencing are driving our understanding of evolutionary relationships and classification, and will for the foreseeable future.

}, keywords = {Insecta, Liposcelidae, Proteobacteria, Riesia}, issn = {1198743X}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03782.x}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1198743X14614427}, author = {Boyd, Bret M. and David L. Reed} } @article {68860, title = {Type specimens of Phthiraptera in the collection of Jadwiga Z{\l}otorZycka preserved in the Museum of Natural History, University of Wroc{\l}aw}, journal = {Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy}, volume = {25}, year = {2014}, month = {27 December 2014}, pages = {645-661}, abstract = {

The Phthiraptera type specimen collection of Jadwiga Z{\l}otorZycka preserved in the Museum of Natural History, University of Wroc{\l}aw, consists of 88 holotypes, one neotype and 628 paratypes (total 717 specimens) of 124 species and subspecies of Amblycera and Ischnocera. Details of each taxon and type specimen are listed, including the original combination and current status, museum catalogue number and collecting localities. The contribution of Z{\l}otorZycka to the knowledge of Phthiraptera is discussed.

}, keywords = {Insecta, Mallophaga, Phthiraptera, Poland., type collection, Wroc{\l}aw Uni- versity, Z{\l}otorZycka}, author = {Ja{\l}oszy{\'n}ski, P. and Daniel R Gustafsson and Wanat, A. and Wanat, M.} } @article {48056, title = {A tale of two analyses: estimating the consequences of shifts in hexapod diversification}, journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {80}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {23 - 36}, abstract = {I present a novel descriptive (non-statistical) method to help identify the location and importance of shifts in diversification across a phylogeny. The method first estimates radiation rates across terminal higher taxa and then subjects these rates to a parsimony analysis across the phylogeny. The reconstructions define the magnitude, direction and influence of past shifts in realized diversification rates across nodes. I apply the method to data on the extant hexapod orders. The results indicate that the Coleoptera (beetles) and Diptera (flies) have contributed large upward shifts in diversification tendency, without which, under the model employed, global species richness would be reduced by 20\% and 6\%, respectively. The origin of Neoptera (insects with wing flexion), identified elsewhere as a significant radiation, may represent a large positive, a large negative or zero influence on current species richness, depending on the assumed phylogeny and parsimony method. The most influential radiations are attributable to the origin of the Eumetabola (insects with complete metamorphosis plus bugs and their relatives) and Pterygota (winged insects), but there is presently only weak evidence that they represent significant shifts in underlying diversification tendency. These analyses support some but not all results of previous phylogenetic analyses and the identity of the most important shift therefore remains elusive. New methodology involving comparisons across multiple taxa is likely to be necessary}, keywords = {Insecta, Phthiraptera, Phylogeny}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47196.pdf}, author = {Mayhew,Peter J.} } @article {47994, title = {Phylogenetic Relationships of the Orders of Hexapoda: Contributions from the Circulatory Organs for a Morphological Data Matrix}, journal = {Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny}, volume = {64}, year = {2006}, pages = {165 - 203}, abstract = {

Discussions of phylogenetic studies based on morphological data focus mainly on results of the cladistic analysis while selection and evaluation of characters themselves are often underrepresented. Our paper seeks to address this with a survey of characters of the circulatory organs to contribute to the analysis of phylogenetic relationships of hexapod orders. The survey is based on examination of literature and includes, in addition, numerous unpublished data. Of 38 variable traits of the dorsal vessel and the various accessory circulatory organs, we selected 11 which are potentially informative at supraordinal level. They are critically discussed and coded as characters for use in comprehensive future cladistic analyses employing greater sets of morphological data. It must be stated that many features of circulatory organs for higher systematic categories are still based on one or few species for most orders of hexapods; this deficiency is due to the great methodological effort required to investigate internal organs. In general, circulatory organs of hexapods are simply organized making it difficult to discriminate homology from convergence. In addition to phylogeny, general aspects of the evolution of the circulatory system are outlined. In an appendix we provide comprehensive information on the traits, characters and the species in which they occur

}, keywords = {accessory pulsatile organs, circulatory system, cladistic analysis, Insecta, morphology, organ evolution., Phylogeny}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258216957_Phylogenetic_relationships_of_the_orders_of_Hexapoda_contributions_from_the_circulatory_organs_for_a_morphological_data_matrix}, author = {Pass,G{\"u}nther and Gereben-Krenn,Barbara-Amina and Merl,Monika and Plant,John and Szucsich,Nikolaus U. and T{\"o}gel,Markus} } @article {47889, title = {Evidence from mitochondrial genomics on interordinal relationships in insects}, journal = {Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny}, volume = {64}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {27 - 34}, abstract = {

Mitochondrial (mt) genomes are the largest molecular data source for deep level insect phylogenetics that is also obtainable in a reasonable timeframe and for a reasonable cost. Over 100 insect mt genomes have been sequenced, representing 29 of the 30 orders, multiple suborders for a third of the orders, and many representatives of the mega-diverse orders. Genome rearrangements have been found in a third of the insect orders however these rearrangements diagnose groups of ordinal or lower rank. Sequence based phylogenetic hypotheses utilizing mt genomic data are a promising source of data on interordinal relationships however these studies are hampered by base compositional biases, unequal rates of nucleotide substitution across groups and other long-branch effects. Available data from the field of insect mitogenomic phylogenetics is reviewed and future directions in this research outlined.

}, keywords = {gene rearrangements, genomics, Insecta, interordinal relationships, mitochondria, Phylogenetics}, url = {http://www.senckenberg.de/files/content/forschung/publikationen/arthropodsystematics/asp_64_1/asp_64_1_cameron_et_al_27-34.pdf}, author = {Stephen L. Cameron and Beckenbach,Andrew and Dowton,Mark and Michael F. Whiting} } @article {47497, title = {Mallophaga of the domestic chicken in the central region of Saudi Arabia.}, journal = {Emirates Journal of Agricutural Science}, volume = {3}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {143 - 150}, abstract = {

From November 1986 to June 1987, a survey of mallophagan lice on chickens, White Leghorn and Saudian Baladi breeds, was conducted on 60 poultry farms in the Al-Kharj and Riyadh areas of central Saudi Arabia. Menacanthus pallidulus, M. cornutus [Gallacanthus cornutus], M. stramineus, Goniodes dissimilis, Goniocotes gallinae, Menopon gallinae and Amyrsidea sp. were detected. The first 5 species were new records of Mallophaga on domestic chickens in Saudi Arabia, and the Amyrsidea sp. is considered to be the first known to be recorded from domestic chicken, possibly a new species.

}, keywords = {chicken, Insecta, Mallophaga, Saudi Arabia, Survey}, doi = {DOI https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v3i1.5298 }, url = {https://www.ejfa.me/index.php/journal/article/view/25}, author = {Y. N. Aldryhim} } @book {45705, title = {Insect Phylogeny}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {xxii + 514}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, address = {Chichester,UK}, keywords = {Evolution, fossils, Insecta, Phylogeny}, author = {Hennig,W.} } @article {45706, title = {The phylogeny of hexapod "orders". A critical review of recent accounts}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung}, volume = {13}, year = {1975}, month = {1975}, pages = {1 - 44}, keywords = {Evolution, fossils, Insecta, Phylogeny}, author = {Kristensen,N. P.} } @inbook {45707, title = {Phylogeny of extant hexapods}, booktitle = {Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers}, volume = {12nd}, year = {1991}, note = {xvi + [1] + 542}, month = {1991}, pages = {125 - 140}, publisher = {Cornell University Press}, organization = {Cornell University Press}, address = {Ithaca, New York}, keywords = {Evolution, Insecta, Phylogeny}, author = {Kristensen,N. P.}, editor = {Naumann,I. D.} } @book {45518, title = {Evolution of the insects}, year = {2005}, note = {Phthiraptera: 270-280}, month = {2005}, pages = {xv + 755 - xvi + 755}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {New York}, abstract = {

Insects are the most diverse group of organisms in the 3 billion-year history of life on Earth, and the most ecologically dominant animals on land. This book chronicles for the first time the complete evolutionary history of insects: their living diversity, relationships and 400 million years of fossils. Whereas other volumes have focused on either living species or fossils, this is the first comprehensive synthesis of all aspects of insect evolution. The book is illustrated with 955 photo- and electronmicrographs, drawings, diagrams, and field photos, many in full colour and virtually all of them original. The book will appeal to anyone engaged with insect diversity: professional entomologists and students, insect and fossil collectors, and naturalists.

A review of the book can be found in Evolution of insects by Wahlberg, Grimaldi and Engel (2006), Systematic Biology, Volume 55, Issue 4, see http://phthiraptera.info/node/95374

}, keywords = {Evolution, fossils, Insecta, Megamenopon, Phthiraptera}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/gb/academic/subjects/life-sciences/entomology/evolution-insects?format=HB\&isbn=9780521821490}, author = {Grimaldi,David and Engel,Michael S.} } @article {43207, title = {The classification and phylogeny of the Psocoptera}, journal = {Memoirs of the Australian Museum}, volume = {14}, year = {1972}, month = {1972}, pages = {1 - 349}, keywords = {Insecta, Phylogeny, Psocoptera, taxonomy}, author = {Smithers,C. N.} } @inbook {41066, title = {Mallophaga Nitzsch}, booktitle = {Handbuch der Entomologie}, volume = {2}, year = {1838}, month = {1838}, pages = {418 - 443}, address = {Berlin}, keywords = {Amblycera, classification, Insecta, Ischnocera, mtax, PHP, sp.nov., taxonomy}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/5099.pdf}, author = {Burmeister,Hermann Carl Conrad} } @book {40425, title = {Arthropod Phylogeny with Special Reference to Insects}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, publisher = {John Wiley and Sons}, organization = {John Wiley and Sons}, address = {New York}, keywords = {Amblycera, classification, Evolution, Insecta, Ischnocera}, author = {Boudreaux,H. B.} } @article {40358, title = {The acquisition of host-specific feather lice by common cuckoos (Cuculus canorus)}, journal = {Journal of Zoology}, volume = {244}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {167 - 173}, abstract = {This study addresses the question of how three species of flightless feather lice (Phthiraptera) specific to a brood parasitic bird, the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), are transmitted from one cuckoo generation to the next in the absence of any direct contact between parent and young. None of 21 cuckoo nestlings examined shortly before fledging carried cuckoo lice; nor were any lice found in 19 nests in which cuckoos had laid. Cuckoos returning to Japan for their first breeding season were as likely to be lousy as, and carried similar louse loads to, older birds. These field observations are consistent with data arising from examination of museum skins from European breeding areas and from African wintering areas, and it is concluded that cuckoos acquire their lice between leaving the nest in summer and returning to the breeding grounds the following spring. This acquisition probably occurs via direct body-to-body contact between cuckoos, a supposition bolstered by some observations.}, keywords = {Amblycera, Cuculus, ecology, host, Insecta, Ischnocera, Phoresy, Phthiraptera, specificity}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/40358.pdf}, author = {Brooke,M. de L. and Nakamura,H.} } @article {40092, title = {Parasitic arthropods of sympatric meadow voles and white-footed mice at Fort Detrick, Maryland}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {29}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {761 - 766}, abstract = {Twelve species of parasitic arthropods (one sucking louse, two fleas, one tick, and eight mites) were recovered from 51 meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord); whereas nine species (one sucking louse, one bot, three fleas, one tick, and three mites) were collected from 48 white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque), live-trapped on the grounds of Fort Detrick, Frederick County, Md., during 1990 and 1991. The most commonly collected arthropods from M. pennsylvanicus were the fur mite, Listrophorus mexicanus Fain (almost-equal-to 2,720 specimens); the tropical rat mite, Ornithonyssus bacoti (Hirst) (987); the laelapid mites, Laelaps kochi Oudemans (733) and Androlaelaps fahrenholzi (Berlese) (322); the sucking louse, Hoplopleura acanthopus (Burmeister) (121); the tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (47); and the chigger mite, Neotrombicula whartoni (Ewing) (45). Arthropod densities were lower on P. leucopus, from which the most frequently recorded species were the sucking louse, Hoplopleura hesperomydis (Osborn) (98 specimens); the fleas, Epitedia wenmanni (Rothschild) (85) and Orchopeas leucopus (Baker) (61); and the mite, A. fahrenholzi (83). Although six species of arthropods parasitized both species of rodents, only two of these, A. fahrenholzi and D. variabilis, were relatively common on both hosts. Therefore, although the habitats of both host species partially overlap, their associated parasitic arthropods remain principally host specific. The potential significance of these findings with respect to vector-borne disease transmission is discussed.}, keywords = {Acari, Arthropoda, Dermacentor, dynamics, fleas, host, Insecta, ixodidae, lyme disease, mammal, maryland, parasite, peromyscus, populations, small, tennessee}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/2679.pdf}, author = {Lance A. Durden} } @article {40087, title = {Ectoparasites of a population of urban gray squirrels in northern Florida}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {28}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {461 - 464}, abstract = {

Ectoparasites infesting a population of urban gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin) in northern Florida were collected monthly during 1974. Eleven species were identified: one flea (Orchopeas howardi (Baker)), three sucking lice (Enderleinellus longiceps Kellogg \& Ferris, Hoplopleura sciuricola Ferris, and Neohaematopinus sciuri Jancke), one tick (Dermacentor variabilis Say), two mesostigmatid (gamasid) mites (Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese) and A. fahrenholzi (Berlese)), and four chiggers (Eutrombicula alfreddugesi (Oudemans), E. splendens (Ewing), Leptotrombidium peromysci Vercammen- Grandjean \& Langston, and Parasecia gurneyi (Ewing)). The flea and three sucking lice represent core species of ectoparasites for the gray squirrel; the remainder are probably satellite species. Only E. longiceps varied significantly in prevalence or intensity of infestation among host age groups; subadult squirrels had higher intensities than adults. Peak prevalence of O. howardi occurred in January and attained maximum intensity in March, whereas both prevalence and intensity were minimum in August. Prevalence of H. sciuricola was maximum in November and remained at similar levels through June. It then declined significantly to its minimum in September-October. Intensity of infestation, however, was greatest in August, September, and January. Maximum prevalence of N. sciuri occurred from January to March and was minimum in September; intensity of infestation reached maxima in January, June, and August.

}, keywords = {arachnida, ectoparasite, Insecta, squirrel}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/28.3.461}, url = {http://jme.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/3/461}, author = {Wilson,Nixon and S. R. Telford Jr and Forrester,Donald J.} } @article {40068, title = {Notes on ectoparasites of some small mammals from Santa-Catarina state, Brazil}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {28}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {183 - 185}, abstract = {

A small collection of mammals, including 34 individuals from Santa Catarina State, was examined for ectoparasites. One species of tick, eight species of mites, one species of sucking louse, one species of biting louse, and one species of flea are recorded for the first time from Santa Catarina. New host records are given for two species of Acari, one of louse, and one of flea. Species that occurred in single or multiple infestations are recorded.

}, keywords = {Acari, fleas, Insecta, lice}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/38340.pdf}, author = {Pedro Marcos Linardi and Botelho,Jos{\'e} Ramiro and Ximenez,Alfredo and Padovani,Carlos Roberto} } @article {40067, title = {The size relationship between insects and their hosts}, journal = {Ecological Entomology}, volume = {16}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {351 - 359}, abstract = {

1. Regressions of adult insect size on host size were tested. The analysis was restricted to highly host-specific insects that had thus been exposed to a narrow range of host size. 2. The phylogenetic regression method was used to analyse the data, so as to allow for the possible phylogenetic effects in cross-species data. 3. Significant positive regressions were found in all the groups tested: female flower thrips, Meligethes species of pollen beetle, tephritid flies, and male and female fleas. They were also found by standard regressions within and between Actornithophilus species of bird louse. 4. The regression of thrips size on pollen size was not significant, providing evidence against a hypothesis involving food size. 5. The regression of flea body size on host hair/feather length was significant, which is consistent with a hypothesis involving the size of spaces on the host. 6. The relationships may have implications for the understanding of evolutionary host shifts.

}, keywords = {body, ecology, flower, host, Insecta, insects, meligethes, parasite, Phthiraptera, shift, Siphonaptera, size, tephritidae, thrips, thysanoptera}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1991.tb00227.x}, url = {https://resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1991.tb00227.x}, author = {Kirk,W. D. J.} } @article {40057, title = {A new species and an annotated world list of the sucking louse genus Neohaematopinus (Anoplura, Polyplacidae)}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {28}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {694 - 700}, abstract = {

A new species of sucking louse, Neohaematopinus sundasciuri, collected from the tree squirrel, Sundasciurus juvencus, is described from Palawan Island, Philippines. An updated world list of the genus Neohaematopinus is presented; this documents descriptive citations, known hosts, and geographical distributions with interpretive annotations for each of the 32 species now included in the genus. The geographical distribution of Neohaematopinus sciuri and N. sciurinus are discussed.

}, keywords = {Insecta, list, neohaematopinus, new, species, sulawesi, world}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/40057.pdf}, author = {Lance A. Durden} } @article {40023, title = {Host Specificty of Strigiphilus owl lice (Ischnocera, Philopteridae), with the description of new species and host associations}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {27}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {257 - 265}, abstract = {

Three new species an d 11 new host associations are described for the cursitans species group of the genus Strigiphilus, the only genus of Mallophaga confined to owls (Strigiformes). The new species are S. schemskei ex Bubo coromandus, S. garylarsoni ex Otus leucotis , and S. petersoni ex Ninox punctulata . This paper completes a taxonomic review of the cursitans species group and includes an updated host-parasite list. The host specificity of the group is reviewed, including features of the natural history of lice and their hosts that may have influenced the evolution of host-parasite associations. Although most members of the cursitans group are host specific, several cases of secondary transfer among ecologically related hosts are apparent. The significance of such transfers is discussed in light of attempts to employ data on host-parasite associations for host systematics.

}, keywords = {host, Insecta, Mallophaga, mtax, owl, PHP, specificity}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/2575.pdf}, author = {Clayton,Dale H.} } @article {39988, title = {Head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura, Pediculidae) from hair combs excavated in Israel and Dated from the 1st- century BC to the 8th-century AD}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {25}, year = {1988}, month = {11/1988}, pages = {545 - 547}, abstract = {

Head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer, and their eggs were discovered on 12 out of 24 hair combs recovered during archaeological digs in the Judean and Negev Deserts of Isreal. The finds were dated from the first century B.C. to the eighth century A.D. These are the earliest dates reported for head lice on personal combs.

}, keywords = {archaeology, delousing, Insecta, morphology}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/38241.pdf}, author = {Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu and Zias,Joseph E.} } @article {39745, title = {Sensory equipment of the antennal flagellum of several species of Damalinia (Phthiraptera : Trichodectidae)}, journal = {Micron}, volume = {29}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {431 - 438}, abstract = {Sensilla comprising the sensory equipment of the antennal flagellum of eight species of Damalinia were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. The sensillar complex consists of three pore organs and two sensilla coeloconica in both males and females. No relationship between their relative position in different genera and species has been found. The {\textquoteright}pit organs{\textquoteright} of the sensilla coeloconica have different shapes according to species. In the apex of the male flagellum, teeth are present in the species studied but the number and shapes are different. Adjacent to the teeth is a cluster of sensilla basiconica. At high magnification, no pores were found in the sensilla walls but their more or less blunt tips have small pores. The inner face of the male flagellum can be serrated or non-serrated. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd.}, keywords = {flagellum, Insecta, Ischnocera, louse, organs, Phthiraptera, scanning, SEM, sensilla, sensory}, author = {Mar{\'\i}a D. Soler-Cruz and Mar{\'\i}a Paz Mart{\'\i}n-Mateo} } @article {39538, title = {Zur Systematik der Hexapoden}, journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger}, volume = {27}, year = {1904}, note = {Recognises the sucking lice as belonging to the independent order Siphunculata, crediting the name erroneously to Meinert. Haplognatha nom. nov. for Copeognatha+Mallophaga}, month = {1904}, pages = {511 - 533}, keywords = {Anoplura, classification, Insecta}, author = {B{\"o}rner,Carl} } @article {39381, title = {Geomydoecus (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae) from Pappogeomys and Zygogeomys pocket gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae) in central Mexico}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {26}, year = {1989}, note = {b}, month = {1989}, pages = {385 - 401}, abstract = {

Descriptions and illustrations are given for 13 previously described species and subspecies of Geomydoecus and four new subspecies: G. mexicanus Price and Emerson (type host: Pappogeomys merriami saccharalis (Nelson and Goldman)), G. perotensis perotensis Price and Emerson (type host: P. m. estor (Merriam)), G. p. irolonis Price and Emerson (type host: P. m. irolonis (Nelson and Goldman)), G. traubi Price and Emerson (type host: P. m. merriami (Thomas)), G. fulvescens Price and Emerson (type host: P. m. fulvescens (Merriam)), G. coronadoi coronadoi Barrera, n. status (type host: P. m. estor), G. c. submerriami, n. ssp. (type host: P. m. merriami), G. c. saccharalis, n. ssp. (type host: P. m. saccharalis), G. merriami Price and Emerson (type host: P. tylorhinus planiceps (Merriam)), G. veracruzensis Price and Emerson (type host: P. m. fulvescens), G. polydentatus polydentatus Price and Emerson, n. status (type host: P. xinseri (Goldman)), G. p. angustirostris, n. ssp. (type host: P. t. angustirostris (Merriam)), G. mcgregori Price and Emerson (type host: P. fumosus (Merriam)), G. wernecki wernecki Price and Emerson, n. status (type host: P. zinseri), G. w. planiceps, n. ssp. (type host: P. t. planiceps), G. alcorni Price and Emerson (type host: P. alcorni Russell), and G. trichopi Price and Emerson (type host: Zygogeomys trichopus trichopus Merriam).

}, keywords = {geomydoecus, gopher, Insecta, Mallophaga, mtax, PHP, pocket}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0824.pdf}, author = {Roger D. Price and Hellenthal,Ronald A.} } @article {39378, title = {Geomydoecus (Mallophaga, Trichodectidae) from the central american pocket gophers of the subgenus Orthogeomys (Rodentia, Geomyidae)}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {25}, year = {1988}, note = {b}, month = {1988}, pages = {331 - 335}, abstract = {

Four species of Geomydoecus from pocket gopher subspecies of the species Orthogeomys (Orthogeomys) grandis (Thomas) are described and illustrated: G. ionesi Price and Emerson (type host: O. g. felipensis Nelson and Goldman), G. alleni Price and Emerson (type host: O. g. alleni Nelson and Goldman), G. chiapensis Price and Emerson (type host:O. g. grandis), and the new species G. pygucunthi (type host: O. g. pygucanthus Dickey). A key is provided for the identification of these four species.

}, keywords = {geomydoecus, Insecta, Mallophaga, mtax, Orthogeomys, PHP}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0821.pdf}, author = {Roger D. Price and Hellenthal,Ronald A.} } @article {39379, title = {Geomydoecus bulleri complex (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae) from bullers pocket gopher, Pappogeomys bulleri (Rodentia: Geomyidae), in westcentral Mexico}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {82}, year = {1989}, note = {a}, month = {1989}, pages = {279 - 285}, abstract = {

Five species and subspecies of Geomydoecus from Pappogeomys bulleri pocket gophers are described and illustrated: G. bulleri bulleri Price and Emerson (type host: P. bulleri bulleri (Thomas)). G. b. melanuri Price and Hellenthal, n. ssp. (type host: P. b. melanurus Genbways and Jones); G. b. intermedius Price and Hellenthal, n. ssp. (type host: P. b. ssp.); G. burti Price and Hellenthal, n. sp. (type host: P. b. burti Goldman); and G. nadleri Price and Hellenthal, n. sp. (type host: P. b. nayaritensis Goldman). A key is provided for the identification of these five taxa.

}, keywords = {geomydoecus, Insecta, Mallophaga, mtax, PHP}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/82.3.279}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0822.pdf}, author = {Roger D. Price and Hellenthal,Ronald A.} } @article {39312, title = {Kaysius emersoni (Mallophaga, Menoponidae), a new genus and new species of louse from the Wedge-billed Woodcreeper (Passeriformes, Dendrocolaptidae) of Peru}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {82}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {29 - 31}, abstract = {

A new genus of chewing louse, Kaysius, and new species K. emersoni, are described and illustrated using specimens collected from the wedge-billed woodcreeper, Glyphorhynchus spirurus (Vieillot), of Peru.

}, keywords = {Dendrocolaptidae, Insecta, Kaysius, mtax, PHP}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0748.pdf}, author = {Roger D. Price and Clayton,Dale H.} } @article {39282, title = {Mal{\'o}fagos par{\'a}sitos de aves. Scolopaceps ambiguus (Burmeister, 1838) g{\'e}nero y especie nuevos para la fauna ib{\'e}rica (Philopteridae, Mallophaga)}, journal = {Bolet{\'\i}n de la Asociaci{\'o}n Espa{\~n}ola de Entomolog{\'\i}a}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, note = {Despite the title no new taxa are described. Instead the aforemention taxa are described for the first time from iberian birds.}, month = {1988}, pages = {153 - 163}, abstract = {

The genus Scolpaceps Eichler and Zlotorzycka, 1964 and the species S. ambiguus (Burmeister, 1838) are recorded for the first time in Spain. Morphological differences within the genera Cummingsiella Ewing 1930, Quadraceps Clay and Meinertzhargen, 1939 and Saemundssonia Timmermann, 1935 are established by means of the study of the species of those genera. A redescription, measurements and data about the geographical distribution of the species are given. S, ambiguus (Burm., 1838) is compared and related to species, S. aureus (Hopkins, 1949) and S. brelihi (Timm., 1969).

}, keywords = {bird, Insecta, Mallophaga, parasite, taxonomy}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0708.pdf}, author = {Mar{\'\i}a Paz Mart{\'\i}n-Mateo} } @article {38953, title = {Patterns in the abundance of avian lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera)}, journal = {Journal of Avian Biology}, volume = {28}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {249 - 254}, abstract = {

This study examines the ecological factors expected to determine the abundance of lice on birds. The associations between avian body mass and avian sociality as selected environmental variables and the arithmetic mean of louse abundance per bird individual are evaluated across bird species. Rough data were obtained from the literature. Using host species as statistically independent observations, louse abundance correlates positively with avian body mass. This correlation is not a phylogenetic artefact, being also found after controlling for effects of host phylogeny. Three non-exclusive hypotheses might explain this correlation: (1) larger birds may provide larger \‘habitat islands\’ enabling more lice to coexist; (2) larger birds may provide more topographic refugia for lice to evade host preening and grooming; and (3) larger birds may provide more longevity of \‘habitat islands\’ thus reducing the decimating effects of transmission. Contrary to expectations based on early anecdotal information, avian sociality had no significant effect on louse abundance either with, or without controlling for host-phylogenetic effects.

}, keywords = {bird, communities, cost, doves, ecology, ectoparasite, host, Insecta, richness, rock, success}, doi = {10.2307/3676976}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/38953.pdf}, author = {Lajos R{\'o}zsa} } @article {38944, title = {Effects of low levels of lice and internal nematodes on weight gain and blood parameters in calves in Central Texas}, journal = {Journal of Economic Entomology}, volume = {85}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {144 - 149}, abstract = {The effects of low levels of both biting and sucking lice, a mixed population of nematodes, and a combination of all these parasites were evaluated in calves held in a barn with no environmental controls in central Texas. Observations at 122 sites on each animal for 16 wk consecutively in 1987 revealed that the largest numbers of all louse species [Haematopinus eurysternus (Nitzsch), Linognathus vituli (L.), and Bovicola bovis (L.)] occurred 3-7 wk after infestation. In 1988 L. vituli populations decreased rapidly after the 3rd wk and B. bovis remained fairly constant for 20 wk consecutively. Average nematode egg counts increased to almost-equal-to 300 eggs per gram of feces in 1987 and almost-equal-to 600 eggs per gram of feces in 1988. The nematodes Ostertagia ostertagia, Haemonchus placei, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Cooperia spp., and Trichostrongylus spp. were present at the end of the study in both years as determined by necropsy. No significant differences in erythrocyte count, mean cell volume, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, leukocyte counts, or serum albumin concentration were detected. However, significant increases in total serum protein concentration and serum globulin levels in calves harboring both groups of parasites were observed. Mean weight gain in calves infested with lice and nematodes was 11.4 and 10 kg less than that of uninfested controls during 16 wk in 1987 and 20 wk in 1988, respectively.}, keywords = {Calves, Insecta, Nematoda, Weight}, author = {J. A. DeVaney and Craig,T. M. and Rowe,L. D. and Wade,C. and Miller,D. K.} }