@article {41620,
	title = {Ectoparasite ticks and chewing lice of red-legged partridge, Alectoris rufa, in Spain},
	journal = {Medical and Veterinary Entomology},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {33 - 37},
	abstract = {<p>During the 1992-1993 and 1993-1994 shooting seasons, 212 wild red-legged partridge, Alectoris rufa (Galliformes: Phaisanide) were captured in 18 Spanish provinces and examined for chewing lice and ticks. Three tick species and six species of chewing lice were found. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Haemaphysalis punctata Canestrini \&amp; Fanzago, Hyalomma lusitanicum Koch and Ixodes frontalis Panzer were found at the lowest prevalence (1.4\% overall tick prevalence). The louse (Mallophaga) species, Goniodes dispar Burmeister (Goniodidae) (52.8\%) and Cuclotogaster obscurior Hopkins (Philopteridae) (28.8\%) were the most prevalent, while Goniocotes obscurus Giebel (Philopteridae) (10.8\%), Menopon pallens Clay (Menoponidae) (7.5\%) and Menacanthus lyali Rodriguez et al. (Menoponidae) (3.3\%) were found at medium to low prevalence. Columbicola columbae columbae Linnaeus (Philopteridae) was found at the lowest prevalence (0.5\%). The intensity of C. obscurior and overall intensity of all lice species were directly related to the environmental mean temperature and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), whereas intensity of G. dispar was directly related to NDVI only. The intensity of G. dispar, C. obscurior, all louse intensity, and louse species richness were higher in male than female birds. Intensity of each louse species, all louse intensity and louse species richness were inversely associated with the nutritional index. No relationship was observed between bird age and louse intensity or species richness.</p>
},
	keywords = {Alectoris rufa, bird, Chewing lice, ectoparasite, ixodidae, Mallophaga, Spain, Tick},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/4752.pdf},
	author = {Calvete,Carlos and Estrada,R. and Lucientes,J. and Estrada,A.}
}
@article {40332,
	title = {Can school teachers improve the management and prevention of skin disease? A pilot study based on head louse infestations in Guerrero, Mexico},
	journal = {International Journal of Dermatology},
	volume = {36},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {826 - 830},
	abstract = {<p>Background The effect of health education provided by teachers, in three primary schools of Guerrero, Mexico, on the prevalence of head louse infestation was compared. Methods A cross- sectional survey and rapid appraisal methods were performed, including a child questionnaire and qualitative data from teachers and focus groups of mothers in the same schools. Results Nine hundred and forty-four students and 33 teachers were interviewed; a focus group discussion with 6-8 mothers per school was performed. In the self-diagnosis of pediculosis, the prevalence was 22\% (range, 18\%-33\%) with a sensitivity of 68\% and a specificity of 86\%. In one school, 100\% of the teachers applied a health program, whereas in the other two schools this percentage was only 20\%. A child under 9 years of age who attended a school without information on health was 3.6 times more likely to have head louse infestation (OR=3.6, CI95\%=2.1- 6) than a child of the same age who attended a school where information was given. In older children the effect and potential impact were lower. The difference between the two age groups is unlikely to be explained by chance (X-2 het=5.7, df=1, p=0.01). Conclusions This study emphasizes the potential value of simple, but effective, health education provided by school teaching staff through liaison with patents in the amelioration of endemic disease.</p>
},
	url = {http://www.skincareforall.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/4.-Can-school-teachers-improve-the-management.pdf},
	author = {Paredes,S. S. and Estrada,R. and Alarcon,H. and Chavez,G. and M. Romero and Hay,R.}
}
