@article {95509, title = {Genetic diversity and lack of molecular evidence for hemoplasma cross-species transmission between wild and synanthropic mammals from Central-Western Brazil}, journal = {Acta Tropica}, volume = {203}, year = {2020}, month = {Mar-2020}, pages = {8 pp}, abstract = {

Globally, hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) comprise an emerging or remerging bacteria group that attaches to red blood cells of several mammal\&$\#$39;s species and in some cases, causing hemolytic anemia. Herein, we assessed the occurrence, genetic diversity, the factors coupled to mammals infection, and the phylogeographic distribution of hemoplasmas in sylvatic and synanthropic mammals and their associated ectoparasites from Brazil. We collected spleen and/or blood samples from synanthropic rodents (Rattus rattus [N=39] and Mus musculus [N=9]), sylvatic rodents (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris [N=14]) and opossums (Didelphis albiventris [N=43]). In addition, ticks (Amblyomma spp. [N=270] and lice (Polyplax spinulosa [N=6]) specimens were also sampled. Using a PCR targeting the 16S rRNA region, out of 48 small rodents, 14 capybaras and 43 opossums DNA samples, hemoplasma DNA was found in 25\%, 50\%, and 32.5\% animals, respectively. Besides, we reported hemoplasma DNA in Amblyomma sp. (22.2\% [2/9]) and lice (100\% [2/2]) pools samples from rats, and one female A. sculptum DNA sample (3\% [1/33]) obtained from a capybara. Additionally, and in agreement with ML analysis, the network analyses showed a clear phylogenetic separation among the hemoplasmas genotypes found in the different host species sampled, thus, suggesting the absence of cross-species hemoplasmas transmission between the mammals trapped. Finally, using the NTC network analysis, we reported the same 16S rRNA Mycoplasma genotype circulating in Rattus sampled in Brazil, Hungary, and Japan.

}, keywords = {and Ticks, Capybaras, Hemotropic mycoplasmas, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, lice, Opossum, Phylogenetic analysis}, issn = {0001-706X}, doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105303}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001706X19316122$\#$!}, author = {Gon{\c c}alves, Luiz Ricardo and Herrera, Heitor Miraglia and Nantes, Wesley Arruda Gimenes and Santos, Filipe Martins and Porf{\'\i}rio, Grasiela Edith de Oliveira and Barreto, Wanessa Teixeira Gomes and de Macedo, Gabriel Carvalho and Assis, Willian de Oliveira and Campos, Jo{\~a}o Bosco Vilela and da Silva, Thiago Merighi Vieira and Mariano, Leticia Colovatti and Darci Moraes Barros-Battesti and Machado, Rosangela Zacarias and Andr{\'e}, Marcos Rog{\'e}rio} } @article {95018, title = {Ectoparasitic Arthropods Occurring on Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus Collected from Two Properties on the Island of Oahu, Hawaii (Acarina, Siphonaptera, and Anoplura)}, journal = {Proceeding of Hawaiian Entomological Society}, volume = {41}, year = {2009}, month = {12-2009}, pages = {53{\textendash}56}, type = {Scientific Note}, abstract = {

A survey of ectoparasites occurring on rats was carried out from August 2006 through February 2007 on two properties on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. From the property in Liliha, a total of 167 Norway rats, Rattus norvegicus, were examined. Two species of fleas and four species of mites were collected: oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis, cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, tropical rat mite, Ornithonyssus bacoti, domestic rat mite, Laelaps nuttalli, spiny rat mite, Laelaps echidninus, and\  house mouse mite, Allodermanyssus sanguineus. From the property in Aiea, a total of 80 black rats, Rattus rattus, were examined. One species of flea, one species of louse, and two species of mites were collected: cat flea, C. felis, sucking louse, Polyplax spinulosa, tropical rat mite, O. bacoti, and house mouse mite, A. sanguineus. This is the first record of the house mouse mite, A. sanguineus, from Hawaii. Ornithonyssus bacoti and A. sanguineus were the predominant species of mites that infested both rodent species. The occurrence of other ectoparasites on the rats caught from the two sites may be affected by different rodent host and other environmental factors.

}, keywords = {Acati, Ectoparasitic arthropods, Hawaii, lice, mites, new geographical record, Oahu, rat, Siphonaptera.}, issn = {0073-134X}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10125/14459}, author = {Pingjun Yang and Sandra Oshiro and Wesley Warashina} } @article {94575, title = {The fauna and perspective of rodentia ectoparasites in Iran relying on their roles within public health and veterinary characteristics}, journal = {Journal of Parasitic Diseases}, volume = {42}, year = {2018}, month = {03/2018}, pages = {1 - 18}, abstract = {

Historically, rodents-ectoparasites are responsi- ble for many diseases in human and domestic animal communities because they are well-adapted to the envi- ronment and nutritional resources. In addition, ectopara- sites can affect the reproductive rates, ecological fitness and the dispersal pattern of their hosts. Data was compiled through all publications relating to ectoparasites fauna from Iranian rodents. Host specificity, rodent-parasites interaction, geographical distribution, ecological trends as well as the medical or veterinary importance of ectopara- sites are considered in this review. Also, results compared with other equal global findings. According to the obtained information, the genus Hyalomma considered being the major vector of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Sistan- Balouchistan, Isfahan, Fars and Khuzestan are endemic provinces of this disease in Iran. Ixodes ticks (especially Hyalomma spp.) commonly existed throughout the months but had high activity in spring and late autumn seasons. Muridae as the most diversified rodent family was more reiterated exploited host by all parasites in this knowledge. Tatera indica confirmed as a positive host for Francisella tularensis by serological test but the definitive reservoir is still unclear in Iran. Meriones persicus as a nocturnal jird has been permanently presented in semi-desert areas except Dasht-e Kavir desert. This rodent was the frequent host for Pulicid fleas followed by Mus musculus and Cricetulus migratorius (Cricetidae). Rattus norvegicus was special- ized host for Polyplax spinulosa (spiny rat louse). Pulex irritans from Pulicidae was spread in particularly west of Iran which known as an endemic focus of plague. Mites were high diversity than other taxa. The domestic verte- brates (sheep, goat and cattle) were primitive hosts and rodents were discovered as auxiliary hosts for ticks in Iran apparently. The available data suggested that lice had a type of model of host specificity due to their morphological traits. Meanwhile, Alborz and Zagros mountains ranges provided the specialized habitats for animals which have been surrounded by northern and western regions. Perhaps these mountainous areas can prevent gene flow between local mammalian populations. Notably, the genealogy of parasite genome can orient toward the evolutionary process into speciation point. In general, more researches are nee- ded to decipher the whole sights of host-parasite associa- tion and the role of ectoparasites within zoonosis diseases.

}, keywords = {Diversity, ectoparasites, host, Iran, rodents}, issn = {0971-7196}, doi = {10.1007/s12639-017-0959-6}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12639-017-0959-6}, author = {Mousa Khosravani} } @article {94452, title = {A new species of sucking louse Hoplopleura villosissima n. sp. (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae) and a new host record of the spiny rat louse Polyplax spinulosa Burmeister, 1839 (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Polyplacidae) from the long-haired rat Rattus}, journal = {Parasites \& Vectors}, volume = {11}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-12-2018}, pages = {8pp}, chapter = {476}, abstract = {

Full title : A new species of sucking louse Hoplopleura villosissima n. sp. (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae) and a new host record of the spiny rat louse Polyplax spinulosa Burmeister, 1839 (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Polyplacidae) from the long-haired rat Rattus villosissimus Waite (Rodentia: Muridae) in Australia

Background: The sucking louse fauna of endemic Australian rodents has been under-studied for decades. Sixty-five species of native rodents have been recorded in Australia. However, only 11 species of lice have been reported from 11 species of endemic Australian rodents.

Results: We describe a new species of sucking louse, Hoplopleura villosissima Wang (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae), and report a new host record of the spiny rat louse, Polyplax spinulosa Burmeister, 1839 (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Polyplacidae), from the long-haired rat, Rattus villosissimus Waite (Rodentia: Muridae), which is endemic to Australia.

Conclusions: This study is the first record of sucking louse from R. villosissimus and the first record of a species of Polyplax Enderlein, 1904 from an endemic Australian rodent. This study brings the total number of sucking louse species in endemic Australian rodents from 11 to 13. Previously, only the introduced brown rat, Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout and the black rat, Rattus rattus Linnaeus were recorded as the hosts of P. spinulosa in Australia. Because R. villosissimus overlaps with R. rattus in distribution but not with R. norvegicus, we propose that P. spinulosa transferred to R. villosissimus from R. rattus.

}, keywords = {new species, Psocodea}, doi = {10.1186/s13071-018-3037-8}, url = {https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-018-3037-8}, author = {Wei Wang and Weaver,Haylee J. and Fan Song and Lance A. Durden and Renfu Shao} } @article {94416, title = {Deltamethrin{\textquoteright}in Do{\u g}al Enfeste Ratlarda (Rattus rattus) Polyplax serrata{\textquoteright}ya Etkisi}, journal = {T{\"u}rkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, month = {Sept 2001}, pages = {64 - 66}, abstract = {

\ÖZEl: Bu \çal{\i}{\c S}ma Sel\çuk \Üniversitesi T{\i}p Fak\ültesi Deney Hayvanlan \Üni{\i}esi\&$\#$39;nde bulunan ratlard{\i}ki P{\i}{\i}Il,plu,{\c s}eil?r.., ya kar{\c s}{\i} delta{\i}nethrinin etkisini ara{\c s}hr{\i}nak a{\i}nac{\i}yla yap\ülnx{\c s}t{\i}r. \Ünitede bulunan ve P. serrata ile do{\u g}al enfeste 60 rat, farkl{\i} ya{\c s} ve cinsiYetlerine g\öre her biri l2 adet rattan olu{\c s}an 5 gruba aynld{\i}. Ya{\c s}, cinsiyet ve gebelik durumuna g\öre d\ön gruba ayrlan tedavi gruPl{\i}{\i}r{\i}{\i}-{\i}daki ratlara Butox (Deltamethrin) Vo 0.2 oran{\i}nda sula{\i}{\i}d{\i}r{\i}Iarak p\üsk\üftme tarz{\i}nrla uyguland{\i}. Be{\c s}inci grup konn.oi olarak b{\i}raklld{\i}. Tedaviden s{\i}{\i}nra yap{\i}lan bi{\i}inci ve d\örd\ünc\ü g\ün muayenelerin\<le tedavi grubundaki ratlarcla hi\çbir car{\i}]{\i} bite rastlan{\i}{\i}acl{\i}. Di{\u g}er taraftan, kontrol grubundaki Iatla-rda bitlerin canl{\i} ve hareketli olduklan g\ör\ülrl\ü. Sonu\ç olarak, delta{\i}nethrinin uygulanan doz{\i}la, ratlarda bulunan P. serrata\&$\#$39; ya kar{\c s}{\i} 7o l00 etkili oldu{\u g}u g\özlenmi{\c s} ve herhangi bir yan etki g\ör\ülme{\i}ni{\c s}tir.

English title:\ The Effect of Deltamethrine on Polyplax serrata Found on Naturally Infested Rats (Rattus rattus)

Abstract:\ This st{\i}{\i}dY was carried out to deternine the efficacy of de]tanethrine on Pr{\i}\,1{\i}lruc serrt{\i}tt{\i} fo{\i}{\i}nd, on naturally infesrecl rats at the depa{\i}tn-]ent of Experimental Ani{\i}nal Research Llnit, Faculty of N4edicine, University of Selcuk. Sixty rats^ naturally infes{\i}ed by P. ,{\i}errala, rvere dividcd into l\&$\#$39;ivc groups (eacl-{\i} group containing l2 rats) ofdifferent ages a{\i}-{\i}d genders. Four groups wcre trcated with 0,27c butox (delta{\i}nethril{\i}e) spraying. The fifth group was kept as a control. No lice were founcl on the rats of the four t\ü\&$\#$39;eatme{\i}-\üt grouPs 24 hours and 4 days after treatinent, On the o{\i}her hand, living lice were found on the rats in the controi g{\i}oup. lt lvas col{\i}cluded that delta]rlethdne was l00 \% effective against Po{\c S}plas; serrata on the rats at the dose given ab{\i}.{\i}ve a{\i}{\i}d no side cffects were observed.

}, keywords = {Deltamethrin, rats}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/94416.pdf}, author = {Ahmet G{\"o}k{\c c}en and Bilal Dik and U{\u g}ur Uslu} } @article {46358, title = {Studies on the ectoparasites (fleas and lice) on rodents in Riyadh and its surroundings, Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {23}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {723 - 735}, abstract = {A survey was conducted on rodents from the Riyadh City and surroundings. Two species of fleas, Xenopsylla cheopis and Ctenocephalides felis felis together with Polyplax spinulosa were collected. The highest infestation rate by both fleas occurred on Rattus rattus followed by Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus. Females of R. rattus and R. norvegicus were more infested by fleas than males. On the other hand, Meriones spp., Gerbillus spp., Jaculus jaculus and Acomys dimidiatus were infested with X. cheopis and C.f. felis. The highest infestation rate by fleas occurred on Gerbillus spp. followed by Meriones spp.}, keywords = {animals, ectoparasite, Fleas/classification, Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary, Lice/classification, Rodent Diseases/parasitology, Saudi Arabia}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45247.pdf}, author = {el Bahrawy,Awad A. F. and al Dakhil,Mohamed A.} } @article {46344, title = {Some ectoparasites of commensal rodents from Huambo, Angola}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {31}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {754 - 756}, abstract = {

Eight species of ectoparasites were collected from 166 commensal rodents, including Rattus rattus (L.), Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout), and Mus musculus (L.), from January to December 1986, in Huambo, Angola. The oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild), was the predominant species with respect to mean intensity and prevalence. Other fleas collected were Ctenophthalmus (Ethioctenophthalmus) machadoi Ribeiro, Dinopsyllus (Dinopsyllus) smiti Ribeiro, and Echidnophaga gallinacea (Westwood). The mite Laelaps (Echinolaelaps) muricola Tragardh, the louse Polyplax spinulosa (Burmeister), one species of Ixodes Latreille, and one species of Ornithonyssus Sambon were also recorded. The following represent new host records: C. machadoi from R. rattus and R. norvegicus, D. smiti from M. musculus, and L. muricola from R. rattus and M. musculus. For the first time, the monthly flea indices throughout the year are presented for Angola.

}, keywords = {Acari, Angola, animals, Anoplura, entomology, fleas, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Rodentia/parasitology}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45227.pdf}, author = {Pedro Marcos Linardi and Gomes,Adriano F. and Botelho,Jos{\'e} Ramiro and Lopes,Cristina Marques Lisb{\^o}a} } @article {42687, title = {Seasonal periodicity of ectoparasites of Rattus rattus tamezumi Temminck from Taiwan}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {7}, year = {1970}, note = {893}, month = {1970}, pages = {367 - 370}, keywords = {ecology, Gert, Hoplopleura, Polyplax, rodentia, S{\"u}dasien orient..}, author = {Murrell,K. D. and Cates,M. D.} } @article {40059, title = {Ectoparasites of commensal rodents in Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia, with notes on species of medical importance}, journal = {Medical and Veterinary Entomology}, volume = {5}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {1 - 7}, abstract = {

Ectoparasite records are presented for four species of commensal murid rodents (Rattus rattus palelae Miller \& Hollister, R.argentiventer (Robinson \& Kloss), R.exulans (Peale) and Mus musculus castaneus Waterhouse) in Sulawesi Utara, with particular reference to the potential for these arthropods to bite and transmit pathogens to humans. The flea, Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild), was most common on R.r.palelae and is capable of transmitting plague and other pathogens to humans although no current foci for these diseases are known in Sulawesi. Hoplopleura pacifica Ewing and Polyplax spinulosa (Burmeister) sucking lice parasitized all three Rattus species although H.pacifica was mainly associated with R.exulans and P.spinulosa with R.r.palelae. These lice do not bite humans but may be intramurid vectors of murine typhus and other zoonoses. The mites Laelaps echidnina Berlese and L.nuttalli Hirst were both collected; the latter was recorded from all four murid species, mainly R.exulans. The mite Ornithonyssus bacoti Hirst was rare. Only one chigger mite, Walchiella oudemansi (Walch), was retrieved from murids (from R.exulans) and a single Leptotrombidium deliense (Walch) chigger was taken from a human subject. Although L.deliense is a significant vector of scrub typhus, a disease known from Sulawesi, the L.deliense-R.argentiventer relationship frequently noted in the ecology of this rickettsial disease, was not evident in this survey. Other ectoparasites collected from murids were the ticks, Ixodes granulatus Supino (first record for Sulawesi), Haemaphysalis sp. and Dermacentor sp., the mites Myocoptes musculinus (Koch) and Listrophoroids cucullatus (Trouessart), acarids and a uropodid. Additional ectoparasites noted on humans were the tick Amblyoma babirussae (Schulze), the scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei L. and the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer.

}, keywords = {disease, ectoparasite, fleas, Indonesia, lice, mice, mites, muridae, rat, Scabies, sulawesi, ticks, transmission, vector}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/2627.pdf}, author = {Lance A. Durden and Page,B. F.} } @article {39813, title = {Seasonal studies on commensal rats and their ectoparasites in a rural area of Egypt: the relationship of ectoparasites to the species, locality, and relative abundance of the host}, journal = {Journal of Parasitology}, volume = {87}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {545 - 553}, abstract = {The present study was carried out in 3 villages, namely Kafr Ayoub Soliman, Kafr Ibrahim El-Aidi, and El-Sa{\textquoteright}adat, Sharqiya Governorate, Egypt. A total of 519 rats was collected from the 3 study sites: 46.6\% Rattus rattus, and 53.4\% Rattus norvegicus. A total of 20,643 ectoparasites was recovered from R. rattus: 33.3\% mites, 33.8\% fleas, and 32.9\% lice. From Ii. norvegicus a total of 40,997 ectoparasites was recovered: 28.9\% mites, 31\% fleas, and 40.1\% lice. Three common mite species were recovered from both rat hosts, i.e., Ornithonyssus bacoti, Radfordia ensifera, and Laelaps nuttalli. Three common flea species were also recovered from both rat hosts, i.e., Echidnophaga gallinacea, Leptopsylla segnis and Xenopsylla cheopis. Polyplax spinulosa was the only dominant louse species that infested both rat hosts. Rats did not show a definite breeding season, and the seasonal rat indices were generally low in different study sites. There were no significant differences between the prevalence of each of mites, fleas, and lice in both rat species. The total general indices of mites and fleas, on the other hand, was significantly higher in R. norvegicus. The general index of X. cheopis was high and ranged between 5.9 in R. rattus and 14.5 in R. norvegicus. Season- related changes were observed in the general index of each of L. segnis infesting both rat species and R. ensifera and O. bacoti infesting R. norvegicus. The prevalence and general indices of some ectoparasites showed differences related to the locality of their rat hosts. Seasonal changes in the general indices of some ectoparasites paralleled seasonal changes in the relative abundance of their rat hosts.}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/2273.pdf}, author = {Soliman,S. and Main,A. J. and Marzouk,A. S. and Montasser,A. A.} }