@article {46438, title = {Permethrin-impregnated bednets reduce nuisance arthropods in Gambian houses}, journal = {Medical and veterinary entomology}, volume = {3}, year = {1989}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 8708682; 0 (Insecticides); 0 (Pyrethrins); 52645-53-1 (Permethrin); ppublish}, month = {1989}, pages = {377 - 383}, address = {ENGLAND}, abstract = {

The prevalence of bedbugs (Cimex hemipterus L.), chicken ticks (Argas persicus Oken) and headlice (Pediculus capitis De Geer) was surveyed in a rural area of The Gambia. At the beginning of the study 37.5\% of children\&$\#$39;s beds were infested with bedbugs and 3.9\% with chicken ticks, whilst the prevalence rate of pediculosis in children under 10 years old was 28.8\%. Both bedbugs and headlice were clustered within compounds. Headlice prevalence increased with hair length and they were more common on girls than boys. Following this cross-sectional survey all bednets in the sixteen hamlets were either dipped in permethrin or a placebo. About 4 months later it was found that bedbugs and chicken ticks had disappeared from homes in which the bednets had been impregnated with permethrin. There was no reduction in hamlets with placebo-treated bednets. The rate of acquiring headlice between the two surveys was reduced by 91.1\% in children who slept under insecticide-treated bednets compared with children with placebo-treated bednets. There were also significantly fewer day-flying and crawling insects, except earwigs, in homes of children who slept under insecticide-treated bednets compared with those with placebo-treated nets. These additional benefits of permethrin-treated bednets should contribute to their widespread acceptance and utilization by the community for personal protection.

}, keywords = {animals, bedbugs, Bedding and Linens, Gambia, humans, Insect Control, insecticide, Pediculus, Permethrin, Pyrethrum, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, ticks}, isbn = {0269-283X}, doi = { https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.1989.tb00244.x}, url = {https://resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2915.1989.tb00244.x}, author = {Lindsay,Steve W. and Snow,R. W. and Armstrong,J. R. and Greenwood,B. M.} } @article {46134, title = {Isoenzymes of human lice: Pediculus humanus and P. capitis}, journal = {Medical and Veterinary Entomology}, volume = {14}, year = {2000}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 8708682; 0 (Isoenzymes); EC 3.1. (Esterases); EC 5.4.2.2 (Phosphoglucomutase); ppublish}, month = {2000}, pages = {419 - 425}, address = {England}, abstract = {

Human lice (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) from Africa, America and Europe were electrophoresed for 28 enzymes, with special interest in metabolic factors likely to be involved with insecticide resistance. Zymogram profiles of the body louse (Pediculus humanus L. from France and U.S.A.) and the head louse (P. capitis DeGeer from France, Madagascar, Mali \& Senegal) were compared. Only esterase two enzymes, phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) and 3 (Est-3), showed electrophoretic variation. In our starch gel electrophoresis conditions, P. humanus showed three electromorphs of Pgm migrating anodally 6, 11 and 16 mm (designated alleles a, b, c, respectively). Of the putative Pgm alleles, b and c occurred in all samples of both species of lice, whereas allele a was found only in P. humanus lab strain from U.S.A. Esterase 3 had four electromorphs migrating 23, 26, 30 and 35 mm (designated alleles a, b, c and d). Among putative Est alleles, a was found only in P. capitis from Bamako (all 14 specimens aa homozygotes), allele d was found only in P. capitis from Dakar (39\% frequency), whereas Est-3 alleles b and c showed apparently balanced polymorphism in all samples of both P. humanus and P. capitis except that from Bamako. Despite the limited amount of isoenzyme variation detected (only 2/31 polymorphic loci), divergences of Est-3 and Pgm among Pediculus populations may be relevant to their biosystematics and resistance.

}, keywords = {animals, electrophoresis, France, humans, Isoenzymes/chemistry, Madagascar, Mali, Pediculus, polymorphism, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Senegal, U.S.A.}, isbn = {0269-283X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2915.2000.00260.x}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-2915.2000.00260.x?sid=nlm\%3Apubmed}, author = {Amevigbe,M. D. and Ferrer,A. and Champorie,S. and Monteny,N. and Deunff,J. and Richard-Lenoble,D.} } @article {45937, title = {Infestation of people with lice in Kathmandu and Pokhara, Nepal}, journal = {Medical and Veterinary Entomology}, volume = {18}, year = {2004}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 8708682; ppublish}, month = {2004}, pages = {212 - 213}, address = {England}, abstract = {

The prevalence of infestation with head lice and body lice, Pediculus spp. (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) and pubic (crab) lice Pthirus pubis (L.) (Phthiraptera: Pthiridae), was recorded from 484 people in Nepal. The prevalence of head lice varied from 16\% in a sample of people aged 10-39 years of age, to 59\% in street children. Simultaneous infestations with head and body lice (double infestations) varied from 18\% in slum children to 59\% in street children.

}, keywords = {adolescent, adult, animals, child, Child, Preschool, homeless, humans, Lice Infestations/epidemiology, Nepal/epidemiology, Pediculus, Prevalence, Pthirus, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t}, isbn = {0269-283X}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/44717.pdf}, author = {Shree Kanta S. Poudel and Stephen C. Barker} }