@article {96553, title = {Occurrence of Laemobothrion maximum and Degeeriella fulva lice infestation in black kites (Milvus migrans)}, journal = {Journal of Veterinary Parasitology}, volume = {37}, year = {2023}, month = {June-2023}, pages = {60-63}, abstract = {

The present study recorded the occurrence of chewing lice Laemobothrion maximum and Degeeriella fulva on six rescued black kites (Milvus migrans). This is the first documentation of D. fulva lice infestation in black kites from India

}, keywords = {Black Kites}, issn = {0971-6157, 0974-0813}, doi = {10.5958/0974-0813.2023.00009.8}, url = {https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:jvp\&volume=37\&issue=1\&article=009}, author = {Diksha Lade and Rupesh Verma and Devendra N. Podhade and Giridhari Das and Yogendra Kumar Sinha and Shobha Jawre} } @article {96529, title = {Chewing lice of wild birds in Iran: new data and a checklist of avian louse species reported in Iran}, journal = {Frontiers Veterinary Science}, volume = {10}, year = {2024}, month = {Feb-02-2024}, pages = {32 pp}, abstract = {

Between September 2019 and December 2023, a total of 612 wild birds representing 16 orders, 33 families, 60 genera, and 78 species from nine provinces of Iran with different climates namely Hamedan (n =\ 54), Sistan-va-Baluchestan (n =\ 372), Kerman (n =\ 73), South Khorasan (n =\ 52), Mazandaran (n =\ 7), Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari (n =\ 2), Gilan (n =\ 2), Golestan (n =\ 18), North Khorasan (n =\ 9), and Razavi Khorasan (n =\ 23) were examined for chewing lice infestation. Naked eye examination revealed that 58 birds (9.5\%) were infested with at least one chewing louse species. Collected lice specimens belonged to 28 species from the families Philopteridae, Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae including Strigiphilus strigis (n =\ 55, 15.6\%), Falcolipeurus quadripustulatus (n =\ 41, 11.6\%), Craspedorrhynchus platystomus (n =\ 40, 11.3\%), Colpocephalum turbinatum (n =\ 36, 10.2\%), Laemobothrion maximum (n =\ 25, 7.1\%), Nosopon lucidum (n =\ 20, 5.6\%), Degeeriella fulva (n =\ 18, 5.1\%), Colpocephalum eucarenum (n =\ 16, 4.5\%), Laemobothrion vulturis (n =\ 15, 4.2\%), Anaticola crassicornis (n =\ 13, 3.7\%), Craspedorrhynchus aquilinus (n =\ 9, 2.5\%), Degeeriella fusca (n =\ 7, 2.0\%), Aegypoecus trigonoceps (n =\ 7, 2.0\%), Quadraceps obscurus (n =\ 6, 1.7\%), Colpocephalum impressum (n =\ 6, 1.7\%), Trinoton querquedulae (n =\ 6, 1.7\%), Colpocephalum heterosoma (n =\ 5, 1.4\%), Colpocephalum nanum (n =\ 5, 1.4\%), Lunaceps holophaeus (n =\ 4, 1.1\%), Quadraceps spp. (n =\ 4, 1.1\%), Actornithophilus uniseriatus (n =\ 2, 0.6\%), Nosopon chanabense (n =\ 2, 0.6\%), Actornithophilus cornutus (n =\ 1, 0.3\%), Cuclotogaster heterographus (n =\ 1, 0.3\%), Falcolipeurus suturalis (n =\ 1, 0.3\%), Laemobothrion atrum (n =\ 1, 0.3\%), Colpocephalum gypsi (n =\ 1, 0.3\%), and Rallicola cuspidatus (n =\ 1, 0.3\%). All of these species except six, i.e., Trinoton spp., C. aquilinus, L. vulturis, L. maximum, C. impressum, C. turbinatum, and C. heterographus are recorded for the first time from Iran. This study is the largest epidemiological study to date performed in the country. Data reported herein contribute to our knowledge about diversity of avian chewing lice from wild birds in Iran. In this paper, an updated checklist of louse species reported from Iran according to their avian hosts is presented.

}, keywords = {Aquila nipalensis, birds of prey, Chewing louse species, fauna, host{\textendash}parasite associations, Iran, Middle- east, New record, Spatula clypeata, Spatula querquedula}, issn = {2297-1769}, doi = {10.3389/fvets.2023.1324619}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1324619/full}, author = {Zahra Bahiraei and Alireza Sazmand and Javad Khedri and Mohammad Babaei and Erfan Moeinifard and Bilal Dik} } @article {96330, title = {A Survey of the Ectoparasites Found on Wild Birds in Northwest Turkey}, journal = {Indian Journal of Animal Research}, volume = {57}, year = {2022}, month = {Mar-12-2022}, pages = {1059-1065}, abstract = {

Background: Turkey is home to various resident and migratory wild bird species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ectoparasites found on 188 injured or rescued resident and migratory wild birds from Bursa and surroundings between 2015 and 2019.

Methods: Sampled birds were examined for different ectoparasites and all of the collected parasites were placed into tubes containing 70\% ethyl alcohol. After mounting onto slides or fixing onto a plate, each parasite was identified to species using a light or stereo microscope.

Result: Results revealed that 88 (46.8\%) of the examined wild birds were infested with one or two of 3 different species of ectoparasites. The species identified were 38 lice, three ticks and two flies. The lice were highly prevalent (40.4\%) species than the flies (2.1\%) and ticks (2.1\%). The results also first geographically documented the lice and ked fly species as follows, with additional new host records: Fulicoffula gallinula and Pseudomenapon pilosum in the common moorhens (Gallinula chloropus); Ciconiphilus decimfasciatus in the grey heron (Ardea cinerea); Saemundssonia clayae in the Eurasian woodcock (Scolopax rusticola); Ardeicola ixobrychae in the common little bittern (Ixobrychus minutus) and the ked fly as Ornithophila metallica in the Eurasian magpies (Pica pica) in Turkey. The study results provided valuable data on the ectoparasites living on migratory and resident bird species during their migration throughout northwest Turkey. Further research on the related pathogens that these ectoparasites harbor is in need.

}, keywords = {Actornitophilus piceus, Ardea alba, Chroicocephalus genei, Comatomenapon elongatum, ectoparasite, Ixobrychus minutus, Larus cachinnans, Meropsiella apiastri, Pseudomenapon pilosum, Survey, wild birds}, issn = {0976-0555, 0367-6722}, doi = {10.18805/ijar.bf-1474}, url = {https://www.arccjournals.com/journal/indian-journal-of-animal-research/BF-1474}, author = {Girisgin, Oya and Girisgin, Ahmet Onur and N. Cimenlikaya and B. Saygin} } @article {96286, title = {Observaciones sobre el valor taxon{\'o}mico de las formas inmaduras de mal{\'o}fagos par{\'a}sitos (Mallophaga: Insecta)}, journal = {Revista Ib{\'e}rica de Parasitolog{\'\i}a}, volume = {43}, year = {1983}, pages = {3-8}, abstract = {

Data about taxonomical value of the morphological characters of nimphs of Mallophaga in relation with determination of species, are given.

Paper in Spanish

}, keywords = {Mallophaga, nimphs, taxonomy}, url = {https://bibliotecavirtual.ranf.com/es/consulta/registro.do?id=11904}, author = {Mar{\'\i}a Paz Mart{\'\i}n-Mateo} } @article {96096, title = {Unique Host-Parasite Relationships from Wildlife and Pets at a Zoological Medicine Service at Central Oklahoma}, journal = {Southwestern Entomologist}, volume = {48}, year = {2023}, month = {Apr-11-2023}, pages = {33-48}, abstract = {

Ectoparasites on wild birds and mammals threaten health of the animal and community. Most studies of ectoparasites tend to be location focused so characterizing wider differences between ectoparasites and hosts is difficult. The aim of this study was to identify ectoparasites from free ranging and captive wildlife at an academic zoological medicine service in Central Oklahoma and record first reports of ectoparasites and hosts. We collected 228 ectoparasites from 47 animals: 111 ectoparasites from 30 birds were 14 lice (n = 78), four hematophagous fly (n = 20), and three tick (n = 13) species. One hundred seventeen ectoparasites from 17 mammals were four flea (n = 8) and four tick (n = 109) species. Results included 13 first-time ectoparasite species and 26 first-time host-ectoparasite reports in Oklahoma. The study portrays closer representation of ectoparasites infesting wild animals in Central Oklahoma and demonstrate possible correlation between mortality and injury to parasitized hosts. Additional studies would document ectoparasites infesting wildlife in Central Oklahoma.

}, issn = {0147-1724}, doi = {10.3958/059.048.0103}, url = {https://bioone.org/journals/southwestern-entomologist/volume-48/issue-1/059.048.0103/Unique-Host-Parasite-Relationships-from-Wildlife-and-Pets-at-a/10.3958/059.048.0103.short}, author = {Haley Hahn and Ian Kanda and Jo{\~a}o Brand{\~a}o and Bruce Noden} } @article {96004, title = {Detailed morphological structure and phylogenetic relationships of Degeeriella punctifer (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), a parasite of the bearded vulture Gypaetus barbatus (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae)}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {13}, year = {2023}, month = {Jan-10-2023}, pages = {11 pp}, abstract = {

Habitat loss is one of the main threats to species survival and, in the case of parasites, it is their hosts that provide their habitat. Therefore, extinction even at local scale of host taxa also implies the extinction of their parasites in a process known as co-extinction. This is the case of the bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus), which almost became extinct at the beginning of the twentieth century. After several attempts, this species was successfully reintroduced into the Alps at the end of the twentieth century. We collected 25 lice specimens from an electrocuted bearded vulture from Susa (Italian Alps) that were morphologically identified as Degeeriella punctifer. Six individuals were studied by scanning electron microscopy, with particular emphasis on their cephalic sensorial structures, while four further specimens were characterized at molecular level by amplifying partial regions of the 12SrRNA, COX1 and elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1) genes. From a morphological perspective, the number, type and arrangement of the sensillae on the two distal antennal segments is quite similar to that of other species of the family Philopteridae (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera). The mandibles and tarsal claws allow lice to cling firmly to their host\’s feathers. Phylogenetic analyses help unravel the paraphyletic nature of the genus Degeeriella and demonstrate the clear differentiation between lice parasitizing Accipitriformes and Falconiformes, as well as the close relationship between D. punctifer, D. fulva, D. nisus and Capraiella sp. that, along with other genera, parasitize rollers (Aves: Coraciiformes).

}, keywords = {ecology, genetics, Zoology}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-27774-2}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-27774-2}, author = {Jes{\'u}s M. P{\'e}rez and {\'A}ngeles S{\'a}ez and Gracia Li{\'e}banas and Rossi,L. and Fern{\'a}ndez,Mercedes and Natalia Fraija-Fern{\'a}ndez} } @article {96003, title = {Data on the chewing lice (phthiraptera) parasitizing the accipitrid birds (accipitriformes) in turkey}, journal = {Journal of Animal Health and Production}, volume = {10}, year = {2022}, pages = {443-453}, abstract = {

The present survey paper documents the chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) associated with the Accipitriformes of Turkey. A total of 182 accipitrid birds belonging to 14 species, and 9 genera were surveyed. For the collection of lice, feathers of birds were carefully examined; an insecticide was applied on birds into a breathable paper bags from where lice were transferred to collection tubes. Of the 182 birds, 151 (82.97\%) were infested with 21 chewing lice species including 8 species of Colpocephalum: C. apivorus, C. zebra, C. trachelioti, C. impressum, C. polonum, C. nanum, C. turbinatum, C. milvi, 6 species of Degeeriella: D. phlyctopygus, D. leucopleura, D. aquilarum, D. nisus, D. fusca, D. fulva, 2 species of Laemobothrion: L. vulturis, L. maximum, 2 species of Craspedorrhynchus: Cr. fraterculus, Cr. platystomus, 2 species of Falcolipeurus: F. suturalis, F. quadripustulatus and one species of Kurodaia fulvofasciata. Among birds, Buteo (Buzzards) were the most prevalent (73.63\%), with 6 species of lice on B. buteo and 5 on B. rufinus; 3 each on Aegypius monachus, Aquila heliaca, Aq. nisus, and Circus aeruginosus; 2 each on Pernis apivorus, Ci. pygargus and Milvus migrans; and one each on Circaetus gallicus, Hieraaetus pennatus, Aq. chrysaetos and Aq. gentilis. Circus cyaneus, Ci. mac-rourus, Clanga clanga and Accipiter brevipes were not found infested with the louse. There are some lice species reported for the first time in Turkey, put new records for the hosts and the country on record. Many Turkish birds are, however, yet to be screened for chewing louse infestation.

Th e paper can be view from https://researcherslinks.com/current-issues/Data-on-the-Chewing-Lice-Phthiraptera-Parasitizing-the-Accipitrid-Birds-Accipitriformes-in-Turkey/34/1/5418

}, keywords = {Accipitriformes; Turkey.}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366963587_Data_on_the_chewing_lice_phthiraptera_parasitizing_the_accipitrid_birds_accipitriformes_in_turkey}, author = {Bilal Dik and Naz,Saima and Muhammad Sajid} } @article {95974, title = {Contributions to the knowledge of the diversity of the chewing lice fauna in Turkey}, journal = {Turkish Journal of Zoology}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, month = {Jan-01-2022}, pages = {444-455}, abstract = {

The aim of the study was to identify the chewing lice which were sampled from the birds found dead during ornithological studies in the natural areas of Samsun, and transported to the laboratory of Ondokuz May{\i}s University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Parasitology, between 2018 and 2020. All samples were collected by ectoparasite examination. The collected lice specimens were preserved in tubes with 70\% alcohol. The specimens were cleared in 10\% KOH for 24 h before being mounted in Canada balsam and identified under the light microscope. A total of 35 species under 3 families were detected in this study: Menoponidae: Colpocephalum apivorus, C. impressum, C. nanum, C. napiforme, C. turbinatum, Colpocephalum sp., Pseudomenopon dolium, Kurodaia subpachygaster, Ciconiphilus cygni, C. decimfasciatus, C. quadripustulatus, Menacanthus agilis, M. curuccae, M. eurysternus, M. gonophaeus, M. stramineus, Menacanthus sp., Trinoton anserinum, T. querquedulae; Laemobothriidae: Laemobothrion maximum; Philopteridae: Anaticola crassicornis, A. mergiserrati, Anatoecus cygni, Anatoecus sp., Aquanirmus podicepis, Brueelia merulensis, Columbicula columbae, Cummingsiella ovalis, Degeeriella fulva, D. fusca, D. phlyctopygus, Craspedorrhynchus aquilinus, Incidifrons fulicae, Ornithobius cygni, Philopterus atratus, Saemundssonia lari, Strigiphilus cursitans, and Quadraceps punctatus. The first records for the fauna of Turkey are: Anatoecus cygni, Ciconiphilus cygni, Colpocephalum apivorus, C. napiforme, Kurodaia subpachygaster, Ornithobius cygni, and Philopterus atratus. As a result of this study, the number of chewing lice species (Phthiraptera, Amblycera, and Ischnocera) detected on birds in Turkey reached 195 species.

}, keywords = {birds, Chewing lice, Kurodaia subpachygaster}, issn = {1300-0179}, doi = {10.55730/1300-0179.3099}, url = {https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/vol46/iss6/1/}, author = {G{\"o}khan Eren and {\"O}mral {\"U}nsal {\"O}zkoc and A{\c c}ici, Mustafa} } @article {95957, title = {Ectoparasites Associated with Desert Raven Corvus ruficollis, Lesson, 1831 at the Eastern Desert, Red Sea, Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences A. Entomology}, volume = {15}, year = {2022}, month = {Oct-18-2022}, pages = {13-21}, abstract = {

Egypt is characterized by many deserts associated with cities. The desert raven is considered an ancient one of the most abundant birds in the Egyptian desert and is susceptible to a wide range of ectoparasites. therefore, the present study was to identify the ectoparasites that infect brown-necked raven Corvus ruficollis in Wadi Dara, Eastern Desert, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt. During the two years from 2020 to 2022, several parasites were collected from a brown-necked raven. Sixteen live brown-necked ravens and nine nests in the Red Sea governorate were investigated. The collected ectoparasites were thirteen lice species belonging to two suborders, four dipteran species belonging to two families, ten mite species belonging to two families, also nine tick species belonging to two families. Generally, ectoparasites are considered the primary cause of many dangerous effects for many domestic and migratory bird species, the presence of the brown-necked ravens in the bird migration route in the eastern desert increases the chance of ectoparasites transmission between different species in the same area.

}, keywords = {Desert raven, Eastern Desert, ectoparasites, Gonoides oustralis, lice, mites, ticks}, issn = {2090-0813}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsa.2022.265488}, url = {https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_265488.html}, author = {Saber A. Riad} } @article {95711, title = {Ectoparasites Associated with Migratory Birds, Eastern Desert, Red Sea, Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences (B. Zoology)}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {Jul-18-2022}, pages = {19-33}, abstract = {

Chewing lice, ticks, mites, and other ectoparasites can infect migratory birds and transmit to resident birds. Ectoparasites cause allergic reactions, irritation, anorexia, decrease in economic income, and may transmit some pathogens between birds. Our current study examined and detected ectoparasites on migratory birds in the Eastern Desert and Gabel El Zeit area, Red Sea, Egypt. During this study, we examined eighty-two migratory birds to detect ectoparasites between March 2019 and May 2022. In this period, we collect 82 newly dead migratory birds belonging to 7 orders; 36 birds of Ciconiiformes, 35 birds of Accipitriformes, four birds of Coraciiformes, two birds of Falconiformes, two birds of Pterocliformes, two birds of Suliformes, and one bird of Columbiformes were examined for ectoparasites. The collected ectoparasites from the migratory birds were preserved freezing or in 70\% ethanol until identified as species in the laboratory examination. A total of twenty-six ectoparasite species were collected, belonging to 16 lice, four ticks, four flies, and two mites on migratory birds. Concluded that more studies should be conducted aimed at studying ectoparasites on all species of soaring birds migrating through Egypt.

}, keywords = {Chewing lice, ectoparasite, Migratory birds, mites, ticks}, issn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2022.249312}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_249312.html}, author = {Saber A. Riad} } @article {95437, title = {Ectoparasites in Some Wild Birds (Aves) in Turkey}, journal = {Progress in Nutrition}, volume = {23}, year = {2021}, pages = {10 pp}, type = {e2021261}, abstract = {

Study Objectives: Ectoparasites, such as chewing lice, fleas, ticks, mites, etc. can infest domestic and wild birds; and they cause irritation, anorexia, allergic reactions, decrease in animal products, and may transmit some parasitic, rickettsial, and viral diseases to birds. This study was performed to detect ectoparasites on wild birds in the Wildlife Rescue Rehabilitation Practice Application and Research Center of Kocatepe University in Afyon (AKUREM).

Methods: In this study, we performed to detect ectoparasites on wild birds between April 2018-2021. In this period, 79 injured or dead wild birds were macroscopically examined for ectoparasites. The ectoparasites collected from the birds were preserved in 70\% ethanol, and they were identified to species in the microscopical examination.

Results: In a total of 28 ectoparasite species, twenty-one lice, three ticks, two maggots, one hippoboscid fly, and one mite species were detected on the birds. In this study, Upupicola upupae (Schrank, 1803) was detected in Eurasian hoopoe for the first time in Turkey.

Conclusion: It was concluded that wildlife rehabilitation centers could be suitable units to provide new findings if applied systematically in ectoparasitary studies

}, keywords = {Calliphora vicina, Chewing lice, Colpocepahlum zebra, Ixodes frontalis, Lucilia sericata, Ornithonyssus bursa, Pseudolynchia canariensis, Upipicola upupae}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.23751/pn.v23iS2.11919}, url = {https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/progressinnutrition/article/view/11919}, author = {Bilal Dik and Emine Hesna Kandir} } @article {95428, title = {Restricted Geographic Sampling Yields Low Parasitism Rates but Surprisingly Diverse Host Associations in Avian Lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from South Texas}, journal = {Diversity}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {Sep-07-2021}, pages = {20 pp}, type = {430 Open Access}, chapter = {430}, abstract = {

South Texas is a highly variable region encompassing multiple habitat types and harboring a wide diversity of organisms. However, the parasite fauna in this region is poorly known, especially for avian ectoparasites such as lice. To better understand avian louse diversity and host associations in South Texas, we examined a total of 507 birds for chewing lice. Lice were morphologically identified to genus and phylogenetic analysis was performed using one mitochondrial (COI) and two nuclear (18S rRNA and EF-1\α) genes. Of the birds examined, 69 (13.5\%) were parasitized by lice resulting in a total of 63 host associations across 45 bird species, 29 of which were previously unrecorded. The predominant taxa encountered during this study included two of the most diverse louse genera, Myrsidea and Brueelia. Molecular analyses revealed 21 distinct genetic lineages, 17 of which are associated with novel host associations and may represent new species. This study represents the first extensive examination of avian louse host associations and relationships in Texas and reveals that there is still much to be learned about ectoparasite diversity in the New World.

}, keywords = {Avian lice, birds, Chewing lice, ectoparasites, genetics, parasitism}, issn = {1424-2818}, doi = {10.3390/d13090430}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/13/9/430}, author = {John P. Pistone and Jessica E. Light and Tyler A. Campbell and Catanach, Therese A. and Voelker, Gary} } @article {95389, title = {External parasites of raptors (Falconiformes and Strigiformes): identification in an ex situ population from Mexico}, journal = {Revista de Biolog{\'\i}a Tropical}, volume = {59}, year = {2011}, month = {09-2011}, pages = {257-1264, }, abstract = {

Raptorial birds harbor a variety of ectoparasites and the mayority of them are host specific. The aim of this study was to identify the ectoparasites of captive birds of prey from Mexico, as well as to verify their impact in the health of infested birds. Raptorial birds were confiscated and kept in captivity at the Centro de Investigaci\ón y Conservaci\ón de Vida Silvestre (CIVS) in Los Reyes La Paz, Mexico State. Seventy-four birds of prey (66 Falconiformes and eigth Strigiformes) of 15 species were examined for the presence of ectoparasites. We examined both juvenile and adult birds from both sexes. The overall prevalence was 16.2\%; 66.7\% of raptors were infested with a single type of external parasite. Lice were the most prevalent ectoparasites (91.7\%), followed by feather mites and fleas (8.3\%). Degeeriella fulva (72.7\%), Craspedorrhynchus sp. (45.4\%) and Strigiphilus aitkeni (9.1\%) (Ischnocera, Philopteridae) were recovered from wings, head and neck regions of red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), Swainson\’s hawk (B. swainsoni), Harris\’s hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) and Barn owl (Tyto alba). Low lice infestation level was observed. Nymphs and females of feather mites Kramerella sp. (Pterolichoidea, Kramerellidae) were recovered solely from Barn owl (T. alba); while one Caracara (Caracara cheriway) was infested by the sticktight flea Echidnophaga gallinacea (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae). No clinical signs were observed in any infested bird. Probably the periodic use of organophosphorates was responsible of the low prevalence and lice infestation levels. The diversity of external parasites illustrates the importance of detailed revision of incoming and long-term captive raptors as part of responsible captive management. Five new hosts and geographic records are presented

Resumen

Las aves rapaces albergan una gran variedad de ectopar\ásitos y la mayor\ía de ellos son espec\íficos de acogida. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los ectopar\ásitos de aves de presa en cautiverio en M\éxico y verificar su impacto en la salud de las aves. Se estudiaron 74 rapaces (66 Falconiformes y ocho Strigiformes) de 15 especies, juveniles y adultos de ambos sexos que fueron confiscadas y mantenidas en el Centro de Investigaci\ón y Conservaci\ón de Vida Silvestre (CIVS) en Los Reyes La Paz (20\º22\’ N, 98\º59\’ W), estado de M\éxico. La prevalencia fue de 16.2\%; 66.7\% de las rapaces estaban infestadas por un \único tipo de ectopar\ásito. Los piojos fueron los m\ás prevalentes (91.7\%), seguidos por los \ácaros y las pulgas (8.3\%). Los piojos Degeeriela fulva (72.7\%), Craspedorhynchus sp. (45.4\%) y Strigiphilus aitkeni (9.1\%) fueron extra\ídos de las alas, cabeza y cuello de aguililla cola-roja (Buteo jamaicensis), aguililla migratoria (B. swainsoni), aguililla de Harris (Parabuteo unicinctus) y lechuza de campanario (Tyto alba). El \ácaro Kramerella sp. fue exta\ído de T. alba; mientras que un Caracara (Caracara cheriway) estaba infestado por la pulga Echidnophaga gallinacea. No se observaron signos cl\ínicos en ninguna de las aves infestadas. Probablemente el uso peri\ódico de organofosforatos fue el responsable de la baja prevalencia y de los niveles de ingesta de piojos. La diversidad de ectopar\ásitos identificados ilustra la importancia de una detallada revisi\ón de las rapaces en cautiverio. Cinco nuevos hospederos y registros geogr\áficos son presentados.

Palabras clave: aves de presa, piojos, \ácaros, pulgas, conservaci\ón, cautiverio.

}, keywords = {birds of prey, captivity, conservation, feather mites, fleas, lice}, url = {https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext\&pid=S0034-77442011000300026}, author = {Oliveira, Jaqueline Bianque and Tiziano Santos and Heber Santiago} } @article {95387, title = {Lice, Flies, Mites, and Ticks on Raptors (Accipitriformes, Falconiformes and Strigiformes) in Rescue Centers in Central Italy}, journal = {Parasitologia}, volume = {1}, year = {2021}, month = {04-2021}, pages = {61 - 68}, type = {Open Access}, abstract = {

This study aims to assess the occurrence of external arthropods on deceased raptors in rescue centers in Tuscany, central Italy. The examined diurnal raptors include 17 common buzzards (Buteo buteo), two European honey buzzards (Pernis apivorus), seven sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus), six common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus), a western osprey (Pandion haliaetus), and a peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). Nocturnal raptors included seven barn owls (Tyto alba), ten tawny owls (Strix aluco), 22 little owls (Athene noctua) and two scops owls (Otus scops). The skin and the feathers of each animal were examined, and arthropods were collected, fixed, and microscopically identified. In 48 out of the 75 examined birds (64\%), at least a single arthropod species was found. Identified arthropods included chewing lice (Degeeriella fulva, D. rufa, Colpocephalum turbinatum, C. apivorus, Nosopon lucidum, N. clayae, Craspedorrhyncus platystomus, Laemobothrion tinnunculi, Kurodaia subpachygaster, Strigiphilus cursitans), hippoboscid flies (Ornithomya avicularia), chigger and feather mites (Kramerella lunulata, K. lyra, Kramerella sp., Glaucalges attenuatus, Hieracolichus nisi, Hieracolichus sp., Neotrombicula autumnalis) and ticks (Haemaphysalis sp.). Most of the identified mite, fly and tick species are the first records in raptors in Italy. Moreover, this study presents the first record of Hieracolichus sp. and N. autumnalis mites in P. haliaetus and F. tinnunculus, respectively

}, keywords = {Kurodaia subpachygaster, raptors; Accipitriformes; Falconiformes; Strigiformes; external Arthropods; central Italy}, doi = {10.3390/parasitologia1020008}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6772/1/2/8}, author = {Riccardo Gherardi and Claudia D{\textquoteright}Agostino and Perrucci,S.} } @book {95279, title = {Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases: Morphological and Molecular Diagnosis, Risk Assessment, Population Genetics and Control Strategies}, year = {2020}, pages = {321 - 343}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {

Vector-borne diseases are transmitted through arthropods and new associations between them and pathogens are continually being described. In the present study, authors briefly address their research areas, reporting multiple collaboration studies and major findings achieved by the CIISA\’s Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases team and its partners over the past few years. Starting with Culicoides, their importance as vectors of animal/human diseases, the description of new species and also species modelling as disease surveillance is discussed. Studies on national lice species in wild birds raise awareness to a so far neglected group, evincing known records and new contributions towards a better knowledge. Tick and tick-borne pathogen studies over the years have contributed to a national portrait of species geographic and seasonal distribution and to pathogen endemic associations, describing most common public and veterinary health threats. In this regard, morphology identification strategies are enounced and molecular markers used considered. Due to a reported rise in prevalence, piroplasms impact is particularly focused as a major concern for cattle production industry sector. A national overview concerning Theileria and Babesia prevalence inferences and diagnosis specificities are reviewed. Ultimately, a national Dirofilaria immitis and Angiostrongylus vasorum epidemiological update is given while diagnosis and treatment options are debated.

}, keywords = {Control, Diagnosis, Portugal, Risk-assessment, VBDs}, isbn = {978-3-030-61980-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-61981-7_18}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-61981-7_18}, author = {D. W. Ramilo and A. M. Alho and J. Gomes and M. Santos and A. S. Santos and M. Santos-Silva and G. Alexandre-Pires and J. Meireles and Andr{\'e} Filipe Ven Tom{\'a}s and S. Z{\'u}quete and A. Amaro and S. Belo and M. Schnyder and P. Deplazes and Maria Teresa Rebelo and Madeira-de-Carvalho, L. and Isabel Pereira da Fonseca}, editor = {Freitas-Duarte, Antonio and Lopes-da-Costa, Lu{\'\i}s} } @article {95196, title = {A survey of chewing lice of some raptors in southern Iraq, with remarks on prevalence and occurrence}, journal = {Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences}, volume = {35}, year = {2021}, pages = {239-244}, abstract = {

This study was conducted to isolate and identify the chewing lice from some raptors in Basrah, Thi-Qar, and Missan provinces located in south of Iraq. Samples of birds were collected from January to December 2018. The survey was accomplished with a total of 87 raptors belonging to five species, sparrow hawk Accipiter nisus, marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus, lesser kestrel Falco naumani, kestrel Falco tinnuculus, and black kite Milvus migrans. Totally 58 of 87 birds were infested with chewing lice, the overall prevalence was 66.67\%. Five chewing lice species were identified: Craspedorrhynchus platystomus, Degeeriella fulva, Degeeriella fusca, Degeeriella rufa, and Laemobothrion maximum. All these specieswere identified in Iraq for the first time. D. rufa was recorded the highest prevalence in all raptors with 28.74\%, whereas C. platystomus was the lowest 10.34\%. As for the prevalence of bird\’s species, the highest percentage was recorded in kestrels and black kite with 71.43\%, while sparrow hawk was the lowest 53.85\%. Some notes about ecology and occurrence of the chewing lice were reported.

attachment: 95196.pdf is the preprint version and 95196 print version is the printed copy version with publication information

}, keywords = {Chewing lice, Iraq, raptors}, url = {https://vetmedmosul.com/article_166854.html}, author = {Alaa Hatem and Mufid K. Abou_Turab and H. K. Abdul-Zahra and Muhammad Muhammad} } @article {94946, title = {Detection of ectoparasites in wild birds evaluated in Medellin (Colombia)}, journal = {Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias}, volume = {24}, year = {2011}, pages = {29 -37}, abstract = {

Some arthropod species are vectors of diseases to human’s beings, domestic and sylvatic animals acting
as biological or mechanical vectors of important pathogens. They produce direct damage due to feeding
habits and attachment to different parts of animals and humans bodies. The aim of this study was to identify
different species of ectoparasites from wild birds located at “Centro de Atenci\ón y Valoraci\ón de Fauna
Silvestre del area metropolitana del Valle de Aburr\á”. From October 2006 to November 2007 a descriptive
longitudinal study was done in 43 birds infested with ectoparasites. A total of 202 ectoparasites belonging
to Diptera and Phthiraptera (Insecta) orders and Parasitiformes mites (Arachnida: Acari) were found.
The Phtiraptera order shows the highest diversity with 18 species all of them belonging to Mallophaga
group. From Diptera order, one specie was identified and ten larvae from Muscidae family was identified
too, from Acari three genera of the Astigmata and Mesostigmata soborders was identified. The results of
this study allow us to expand the host range of Bonnetella genera to Ramphastos citroelaemus specie.
Also the presence of Menacanthus eurysternus and Colpocephalum turbinatum is registered in Pelecanus
occidentalis and Buteo platypterus. The development of microbiological and parasitological studies to
identify pathogen species in these ectoparasites is recommended to establish disease transmission risk and
prevention and control strategies of zoonotic diseases.

Paper in Spanish: Detecci\ón de ectopar\ásitos en aves silvestres evaluadas en Medell\ín (Colombia)

Resumen

Algunas especies de artr\ópodos son causantes de enfermedades en humanos, animales dom\ésticos y silvestres, actuando como vectores biol\ógicos y mec\ánicos de importantes pat\ógenos; adem\ás de los da\ños directos que ocasionan por sus h\ábitos alimenticios y de fijaci\ón en diferentes partes del cuerpo de sus hospederos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las diferentes especies de ectopar\ásitos presentes en las aves silvestres ingresadas al Centro de Atenci\ón y Valoraci\ón de Fauna Silvestre (CAV) del \área metropolitana del Valle de Aburr\á. Se realiz\ó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal, en el cual se analizaron 43 aves infestadas con ectopar\ásitos que ingresaron al centro, durante el periodo de octubre de 2006 a noviembre de 2007. Se colectaron 202 ectopar\ásitos de los \órdenes Pthiraptera, Diptera y \ácaros del orden Parasitiformes (Arachnida). El orden Phthiraptera present\ó la mayor diversidad, con 18 especies, todas del grupo Mallophaga. Del orden Diptera se identific\ó una especie y diez larvas de la familia Muscidae, mientras que en los \ácaros se identificaron tres g\éneros, de los sub\órdenes: Astigmata y Mesostigmata. Los resultados de este estudio permiten ampliar el rango de hospederos del g\énero Bonnetella a la especie Ramphastos citroelaemus. Adem\ás se registra la presencia de Menacanthus eurysternus y Colpocephalum turbinatum en Pelecanus occidentalis y Buteo platypterus. Se recomienda realizar estudios microbiol\ógicos y parasitol\ógicos para identificar las especies pat\ógenas presentes en estos ectopar\ásitos, que permitan establecer el riesgo de transmisi\ón de enfermedades y proponer medidas de prevenci\ón y control de enfermedades zoon\óticas.

Palabras clave: artr\ópodos, aves, zoonosis

}, keywords = {arthropods, birds, zoonoses}, url = {http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract\&pid=S0120-06902011000100005\&lng=en\&nrm=iso\&tlng=en}, author = {Gabriel Parra-Henao and Erika P. Alarc{\'o}n-Pineda and Gustavo L{\'o}pez-Valencia and Diber M. Ram{\'\i}re-Monroy and Gloria E. Jaramillo-Crespo} } @article {94933, title = {Parasites (Trematoda, Nematoda, Phthiraptera) of Two Arkansas Raptors (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae; Strigiformes: Strigidae)}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Very little is known about the helminth parasites of hawks and owls of Arkansas.We had the opportunity to salvage 2 road-killed raptors, a red- shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus) and a great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) from the state and examine them for ectoand endoparasites. Found were chewing lice (Degeeriella fulva) and a nematode (Porrocaecum angusticolle) on/in B. lineatus, and 3 digenean trematodes (Echinoparyphium sp., Strigea elegans, Neodiplostomum americanum), and nematode eggs (Capillaria sp.) in B. virginianus. We document 6 new distributional records for these parasites.

}, keywords = {Arkansas, great-horned owl, parasites, raptors, red-shouldered hawk}, url = {https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol73/iss1/16 }, author = {Chris T. McAllister and Lance A. Durden and Charles R. Bursey and John A. Hnida and Vasyl V. Tkach and Tyler J. Achatz} } @article {94755, title = {T{\"u}rkiye{\textquoteright}deki Evcil ve Yabani Kanatl{\i}larda Bulunan {\c C}i{\u g}neyici Bit (Phthiraptera) T{\"u}rleri}, journal = {T{\"u}rkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, pages = {55 - 60}, abstract = {

Paper in Turkish

\ÖZET: Bu ara{\c s}t{\i}rma; 15 farkl{\i} t\üre ait 48 evcil ve yabani kanatl{\i} \üzerinde yap{\i}lm{\i}{\c s}t{\i}r. Ara{\c s}t{\i}rman{\i}n materyalini Veteriner Fak\ül- te\’si kliniklerine veya Konya Belediyesi\’nin hayvan bar{\i}naklar{\i}na hasta ya da yaral{\i} olarak getirilen hayvanlarla, karayollar{\i}nda \öl\ü olarak bulunan ku{\c s}lar olu{\c s}turmu{\c s}tur. Hayvanlar{\i}n tamam{\i} ektoparazitler y\ön\ünden \ç{\i}plak g\özle incelenmi{\c s}, sonra da, karton bir kutu i\çerisine konularak propoxur ile ila\çlanm{\i}{\c s}t{\i}r. {\.I}ncelenen hayvanlardan Kulakl{\i} Orman Bayku{\c s}u, {\c S}ahin, K{\i}z{\i}l {\c S}ahin\’lerin d\örd\ü ve Kaya G\üvercinlerinin be{\c s}i bitlerle enfeste bulunmu{\c s}, di{\u g}er hayvanlarda ise bit tespit edilememi{\c s}tir. Toplanan bitler \%10\’ luk KOH ile saydamla{\c s}t{\i}r{\i}ld{\i}ktan sonra Kanada Balsam{\i} ile lam \üzerine yap{\i}{\c s}t{\i}r{\i}lm{\i}{\c s} ve {\i}{\c s}{\i}k mikroskobunda te{\c s}his edilmi{\c s}- lerdir. Kulakl{\i} Orman Bayku{\c s}u\’ndan toplananlar Strigiphilus barbatus, {\c S}ahin\’den toplanan bitler Kurodaia fulvofasciata, K{\i}z{\i}l {\c S}a- hin\’lerden bitler Crasspedorrhynchus platystomus, Degeeriella fulva, Colpocephalum nanum, Kaya G\üvercinlerinden toplananlar ise Columbicola columbae olarak te{\c s}his edilmi{\c s}lerdir. {\c S}ahin\’den toplanan Kurodaia fulvofasciata ile Kulakl{\i} Orman Bayku{\c s}u\’ndan toplanan Strigiphilus barbatus T\ürkiye\’den ilk kez bildirilmektedir.
Anahtar S\özc\ükler: Kurodaia fulvofasciata, Strigiphilus barbatus, Degeeriella fulva, Craspedorrhynchus platystomus, T\ürkiye

English title: Chewing\­Lice Species (Phthiraptera) Found on Domestic and Wild Birds in Turkey

SUMMARY: This study was carried out 48 domestic and wild bird samples belonging to 15 different species. Birds that were killed by traffic on the roads as well as birds that were ill or injured were brought for investigation to the Veterinary Faculty or Animal Keeping House of Konya Municipal. Firstly, all of them were inspected macroscopically for ectoparasites. Then, they were treated with an insecticidal drug, propoxur in a cartoon box. One long-eared owl, one Eurasian buzzard, four long-legged buz- zards and five rock pigeons were found to be infested with lice, the others were not. The lice were mounted on slides into Canada balsam after being cleared in KOH 10 \% and were identified to species under the light microscope. The lice were identified as Strigiphilus barbatus collected from the long-eared owl, as Kurodaia fulvofasciata collected from the Eurasian buzzard, as Crass\­ pedorrhynchus platystomus, Degeeriella fulva, Colpocephalum nanum collected from long-legged buzzards and as Columbicola columbae collected from rock pigeons. This is the first time that Kurodaia fulvofasciata from the Eurasian buzzard and Strigiphi\­ lus barbatus from the long-eared owl has been recorded in Turkey.

}, keywords = {lice, Turkey}, url = {http://www.turkiyeparazitolderg.org/archives/archive-detail/article-preview/trkiyedeki-evcil-ve-yabani-kanatllarda-bulunan-ine/23177}, author = {Bilal Dik} } @article {94749, title = {Gastrointestinal and external parasites of the Variable hawk Geranoaetus polyosoma (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae) in Chile}, journal = {Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterin{\'a}ria}, volume = {28}, year = {2019}, month = {07-2019}, pages = {376 - 382}, type = {e-pub}, abstract = {

Information about parasites associated with diurnal raptors from Chile is scarce. Between 2006 and 2017, a total of 15 specimens of the Variable hawk, Geranoaetus polyosoma (Quoy \& Gaimard, 1824) were collected, 14 of them from different localities in the Biob\ío region and one specimen from the Valpara\íso region. An external examination of the plumage was made to collect ectoparasites, and necropsies were performed, focusing primarily on the gastrointestinal tract. Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) were found on five (33.3\%) of the birds corresponding to three species: 97 specimens of Degeeriella fulva (Giebel, 1874), six specimens of Colpocephalum turbinatum Denny, 1842 and nine belonging to an unidentified species of the genus Craspedorrhynchus K\éler, 1938. Endoparasites found in three (20\%) of the birds included round worms (Nematoda) of the genus Procyrnea Chabaud, 1958, and spiny-headed worms (Acanthocephala) of the genus Centrorhynchus L\ühe, 1911. The species Colpocephalum turbinatum and the genera: Craspedorrhynchus sp., Procyrnea sp. and Centrorhynchus sp. are new records for the Variable hawk.

Resumo

No Chile, informa\ç\ões sobre parasitas associados a aves de rapina diurnas s\ão escassas. Entre os anos 2006 e 2017, um total de 15 esp\écimes do Falc\ão Vari\ável Geranoaetus polyosoma (Quoy \& Gaimard, 1824) mortos, foram examinados, 14 deles provenientes de diferentes localidades da regi\ão do Biob\ío e um esp\écime na regi\ão de Valpara\íso. Um exame externo da plumagem foi feito para coletar os ectoparasitas e necropsias do tracto gastrointestinal para coleta de endoparasitas. Cinco aves (33,3\%) foram positivas para tr\ês esp\écies de piolhos (Phthiraptera): 97 esp\écimes de Degeeriella fulva (Giebel, 1874), seis esp\écimes de Colpocephalum turbinatum Denny, 1842 e nove esp\écimes n\ão identificados do g\ênero Craspedorrhynchus Keler, 1938. Endoparasitas foram encontrados em tr\ês aves (20\%), incluindo vermes redondos (Nematoda) do g\ênero Procyrnea Chabaud, 1958, e vermes achatados (Acanthocephala) do g\ênero Centrorhynchus L\ühe, 1911. As esp\écies Colpocephalum turbinatum e os dos g\êneros Craspedorrhynchus, Centrorhynchus e Procyrnea corresponderam a novos registros para o Falc\ão Vari\ável.

Palavras-chave: Parasitas, piolhos, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, aves, raptores.

}, keywords = {Acanthocephala, birds, Geranoaetus polyosoma, lice, Nematoda, New records, parasites, raptors}, issn = {0103-846X}, doi = {10.1590/s1984-29612019045}, url = {http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext\&pid=S1984-29612019000300376\&tlng=en}, author = {Alexandra Grand{\'o}n-Ojeda and Patricio Cort{\'e}s and L. Moreno and John M. Kinsella and Armando Conrado Cicchino and Carlos Barrientos and Daniel Gonz{\'a}lez-Acu{\~n}a} } @conference {94648, title = {Chewing lice of wild birds from Portugal: neglected group of ectoparasites}, booktitle = {CIISA Congress 2018 - Exploring the boundaries of animal, veterinary and biomedical sciences}, year = {2018}, month = {2018}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Lisbon}, organization = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Lisbon}, address = {University of Lisbon, Portugal}, abstract = {

Background: Chewing lice are permanent, obligate and host-specific ectoparasites commonly found on birds. Although chewing lice are relatively benign parasites, when present in large numbers they can cause changes in flight performance, thermoregulatory capacity, body mass and survival of the birds. According to BirdLife International approximately 310 species of birds occur in Portugal. However, the number of louse species documented is very limited. This study was carried out to determine chewing louse species of wild birds from Portugal. Methods: This study involves birds captured in mist-nets during the scientific ringing sessions and birds admitted at the Wildlife Rehabilitation and Investigation Centre of Ria Formosa. Chewing lice were collected using two methods: 1) visual search and collect for chewing lice in the plumage of each bird, during approximately 2 minutes; 2) fumigation chamber method, where birds are exposed to ethyl acetate for 15 minutes. Phthiraptera species were slide-mounted according to the Canada Balsam technique and identified. Results: Chewing lice were found on 43 (21.9\%) of the 196 specimens of wild birds examined, independently of the method applied. One hundred and twenty-two birds were only visually examined, with 26 (21.3\%) being parasitized. While for the fumigation method, 74 birds were examined, with 17 (22.9\%) infested. Infested birds comprise 12 species and the chewing lice identified belong to suborders Amblycera (14 species) and Ischnocera (7 species).

Poster presentation,\ Session 2 \– Animal Science and Production, Food Technology, Quality and Security \– From farm to fork

}, keywords = {birds, Chewing lice, Guimaraesiella tovornikae, Lunaceps schismatus, Portugal, wildlife}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329153800_Chewing_lice_of_wild_birds_from_Portugal_neglected_group_of_ectoparasites}, author = {Andr{\'e} Filipe Ven Tom{\'a}s and Ricardo L. Palma and Maria Teresa Rebelo and Isabel Pereira da Fonseca} } @article {94546, title = {Lice infestations of Steppe Buzzards (Buteo buteo vulpinus) markedly differ from those of Common Buzzards (Buteo buteo buteo)}, journal = {Journal of Raptor Research}, volume = {53}, year = {2019}, pages = {7 pp}, type = {Short Communications}, abstract = {

ABSTRACT.\—The Steppe Buzzard (Buteo buteo vulpinus), an eastern subspecies of the Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo), is a long-distance migrant raptor that breeds across eastern European and central Asian grasslands. The eastern European populations migrate through a geographic bottleneck in Israel and overwinter in eastern and southern Africa. To investigate how the metabolic demand of long-distance migration may affect their health, we trapped Steppe Buzzards (n 1\⁄4 28) at Eilat, Israel, during the spring migration of 2016 and 2017 and collected their parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). We compared their lice infestation levels to published data on nonmigratory or short-distance migratory Common Buzzards (B. b. buteo). These Common Buzzards were divided into two groups, free-living birds (n 1\⁄4 59) and captive ones (n 1\⁄4 104). All the Steppe Buzzards we examined harbored 1\–4 species of lice. The Amblyceran lice that feed partially on living tissues and are thought to be relatively more virulent (Laemobothrion maximum and Colpocephalum nanum) were significantly more prevalent on Steppe Buzzards than on Common Buzzards (either free-living or in captivity). In contrast, the less-harmful Ischnoceran lice (Craspedorrhynchus platystomus and Degeeriella fulva) were either similarly or less prevalent on Steppe Buzzards than on the nonmigratory Common Buzzards, either free-living or in captivity. We hypothesize that this difference may mirror the metabolic demands of long-distance migration or, alternatively, our Eilat sample of Steppe Buzzards might have been biased in favor of the heavily infested individuals. In the Steppe Buzzard sample, we also detected a formerly unknown negative correlation between the abundance of Laemobothrion maximum and Colpocephalum nanum.

LAS INFESTACIONES DE PIOJOS DE BUTEO BUTEO VULPINUS VAR ́IAN DE LAS DE B. B. BUTEO
RESUMEN.\—Buteo buteo vulpinus, una subespecie oriental de B. buteo, es una rapaz migratoria de larga distancia que cr ́{\i}a en los pastizales del este de Europa y el centro de Asia. Las poblaciones del este de Europa migran a trave ́s de un cuello de botella geogra ́fico en Israel y pasan el invierno en el este y sur de\ ́frica. Para investigar como la demanda metabo ́lica de un migrante de larga distancia puede afectar la salud de esta especie atrapamos individuos de B. b. vulpinus (n 1\⁄4 28) en Eilat, Israel, durante la migracio ́ n de primavera de los an ̃os 2016 y 2017 y recolectamos sus piojos (Insecta: Phthiraptera). Comparamos los niveles de infestacio ́n con piojos con datos publicados de individuos no migratorios o migrantes de corta distanciadeB.b.buteo.Losindividuosdeestau ́ltimasubespeciefuerondivididosendosgrupos,aveslibres (n 1\⁄4 59) y aves cautivas (n 1\⁄4 104). Todos los individuos de B. b. vulpinus que examinamos albergaron entre 1 y 4 especies de piojos. Los piojos del suborden Amblycera Laemobothrion maximum y Colpocephalum nanum, que se alimentan parcialmente de tejidos vivos y que se cree que son relativamente ma ́s virulentos, fueron significativamente ma ́s prevalentes en B. b. vulpinus que en B. b. buteo libres o en cautivos. Por el contario, los piojos menos dan ̃inos del suborden Ischnocera Craspedorrhynchus platystomus y Degeeriella fulva fueron igual o menos prevalentes en B. b. vulpinus que en los individuos no migratorios de B. b. buteo libres o cautivos. Hipotetizamos que esta diferencia puede reflejar las demandas metabo ́licas de la migracio ́n de larga distancia o, alternativamente, nuestra muestra de Eilat de B. b. vulpinus podr ́{\i}a haber estado sesgada en favor de individuos fuertemente infestados. En la muestra de B. b. vulpinus tambie ́n detectamos una correlacio ́n negativa previamente desconocida entre la abundancia de Laemobothrion maximum y la de Colpocephalum nanum.

}, keywords = {Common Buzzard, Infestation, lice, Migration, Steppe Buzzard}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/94546_v2.pdf}, author = {Reuven Yosef and Ofir Strutzer and Reut Tabibi and Lajos R{\'o}zsa} } @article {48353, title = {Chewing-Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) Occurring On Birds in the Konya Zoo}, journal = {T{\"u}rkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, pages = {43 - 49}, abstract = {

Article in Turkish:\ Konya Hayvanat Bah\çesi\’ndeki Kanatl{\i} Hayvanlarda G\ör\ülen \Çi{\u g}neyici Bit (Phtihiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) T\ürleri

\ÖZET: Bu \çal{\i}{\c s}mada, Konya Hayvanat Bah\çesi\’ndeki 15 de{\u g}i{\c s}ik t\üre ait 25 kanatl{\i} hayvan \çi{\u g}neyici bitler y\ön\ünden incelenmi{\c s}tir. Yap{\i}lan muayeneler sonucu, \ü\ç\ü K{\i}z{\i}l {\c S}ahin (Buteo rufinus), biri {\c S}ah Kartal (Aquila heliaca) ve birisi de Saz Delicesi (Circus aeruginosus) olmak \üzere be{\c s} hayvan{\i}n bitlerle enfeste olduklar{\i} g\özlenmi{\c s}tir. Bu kanatl{\i}lar{\i}n \üzerlerinden 211 adet bit toplanm{\i}{\c s} ve yedi t\ür tespit edilmi{\c s}tir. Toplanan bitler i\çinde \%70\’lik alkol bulunan {\c s}i{\c s}elere konulduktan sonra, 24-48 saat s\üreyle \%10\’luk KOH\’de saydamla{\c s}t{\i}r{\i}lm{\i}{\c s}lard{\i}r. Kanada Balsam ile lam \üzerine yap{\i}{\c s}t{\i}r{\i}lan bitlerin morfolojik yap{\i}lar{\i} {\i}{\c s}{\i}k mikroskobunda incelenerek, \öl\ç\ümle- ri yap{\i}lm{\i}{\c s}t{\i}r. {\.I}ncelemeler sonucu, K{\i}z{\i}l {\c S}ahin\’lerde Laemobothrion maximum Scopoli, 1763, Craspedorrhynchus platystomus (Burmeister, 1838) ve Degeeriella fulva (Giebel, 1874); {\c S}ah Kartal\’da Craspedorrhynchus fraterculus Eichler \& Zlotorzycka, 1975, Degeeriella aquilarum Eichler, 1943 ve Colpocephalum impressum Rudow, 1866; Saz Delicesi\’nde ise Degeeriella fusca (Denny, 1842)\’ya rastlanm{\i}{\c s}t{\i}r. C. fraterculus, D. aquilarum, C. impressum ve D. fusca bu \çal{\i}{\c s}ma ile T\ürkiye\’ de ilk kez tespit edilmi{\c s} ve bu t\ürler hakk{\i}nda ayr{\i}nt{\i}l{\i} bilgi verilmi{\c s}tir.

Summary: In this study, 25 birds belonging to 15 different species at the zoo in Konya were inspected for the presence of chewing-lice. Three Long-legged Buzzards (Buteo rufinus), one Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) and one Marsh Harrier (Circus aeruginosus) were found to be infested by chewing-lice. Two hundred and eleven chewing-lice specimens were collected from the birds and seven species were identified. They were mounted on slides separatedly in Faure forte medium or Canada balsam after clearing in 10\% KOH. Morphologic characteristics of the chewing-lice were examinded and measured under the light microscope. Laemobothrion maximum (Scopoli, 1763), Craspedorrhynchus platystomus (Burmeister, 1838) and Degeeriella fulva (Giebel, 1874) were detected on Long-legged buzzards; Craspedorrhynchus fraterculus (Eichler \& Zlotorzycka, 1975), Degeeriella aquilarum (Eichler, 1943) and Colpocephalum impressum (Rudow, 1866) on the Imperial Eagle; and Deegeeriella fusca (Denny, 1842), on the Marsh Harrier. C. fraterculus, D. aquilarum, C. impressum and D. fusca were found for the first time on these raptors in Turkey and information about these species is given in this paper.

}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47497.pdf}, author = {Bilal Dik and U{\u g}ur Uslu} } @article {47571, title = {Mallophaga Species on Long-Legged Buzzards (Buteo rufinus): New Records from Turkey}, journal = {T{\"u}rkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi}, volume = {30}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {226 - 230}, abstract = {

This study was carried out on two long-legged buzzards that were brought for treatment to the surgery clinic of the Veterinary Faculty, University of Sel\çuk. A few lice were observed on the body surfaces of the birds. Forty-seven lice were collected from the buzzards. The lice were preserved in a tube containing 70\% ethanol. They were mounted on slides separately after being cleared in lactophenol. Four species of lice (Laemobothrion maximum, Degeeriella fulva, Craspedorrynchus platystomus, and Colpocephalum sp.) were identified by microscopical examination. The specimens of Colpocephalum could not be identified at the species level because of poor conditions of some morphological characteristics such as chaetotaxy of the body or male genitalia.

}, keywords = {Phthiraptera, Survey, Turkey}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46696.pdf}, author = {Bilal Dik} } @book {41107, title = {Insecta epizoa. Die auf S{\"a}ugetieren und V{\"o}geln schmarotzenden Insecten nach Chr. Nitzsch{\textquoteright}s Nachlass bearbeilet}, year = {1874}, note = {pdf files in seven parts to speed up downloading.a = b = c = d = 121-181 e = f = 246-303 g = Index Attachment (41107 Translation.pdf) English translation of Docophorus trigonoceps (Giebel)}, month = {1874}, pages = {xiv+308}, publisher = {Otto Wigand}, organization = {Otto Wigand}, address = {Leipzig}, keywords = {Actornithophilus affinis, Actornithophilus brachycephalus, Actornithophilus flavipes, Actornithophilus trilobatus, Amyrsidea macropus, Austromenopon cursorium, Laemobothrion (Eulaemobothrion) gracile, Laemobothrion (Eulaemobothrion) nocturnum, Laemobothrion lichtensteini, Laemobothrion nigrolimbatum, Laemobothrion pallidum, Laemobothrion validum, mtax, Myrsidea, PHP}, doi = {10.5962/bhl.title.66072}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/41107-BHL.pdf}, author = {Giebel,Christoph Gottfried Andreas} } @inbook {41078, title = {List of British Anoplura}, booktitle = {List of specimens of British animals in the collection of the British Museum}, volume = {Part 11}, year = {1852}, month = {1852}, pages = {1 - 51}, keywords = {mtax, PHP}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/4113.pdf}, author = {Denny,Henry}, editor = {Gray,J. E.} } @article {40753, title = {Die Federlinge der Raubvogel}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r die gesammten Naturwissenschaften (Halle)}, volume = {17}, year = {1861}, note = {a}, month = {1861}, pages = {515 - 529}, keywords = {mtax, PHP}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/39140.pdf}, author = {Giebel,Christoph Gottfried Andreas} } @article {40591, title = {Report on a collection of Mallophaga, largely Mexican (Part II)}, journal = {Florida Entomologist}, volume = {39}, year = {1956}, note = {b; 20040717}, month = {1956}, pages = {19 - 43, 69-84, 119-132}, keywords = {mtax, PHP}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/3409.pdf}, author = {Melbourne Armstrong Carriker Jr.} } @article {39283, title = {Contribuci{\'o}n al conocimiento de los mal{\'o}fagos par{\'a}sitos de aves en la Isla de Tenerife (Mallophaga: Insecta)}, journal = {Vieraea}, volume = {19}, year = {1990}, note = {Good figures of the male genitalia, vulval margin and antennae of Cuclotogaster barbara are included.}, month = {1990}, pages = {175 - 184}, abstract = {

Four species of mallophaga from birds in Tenerife are studies: Cuclotogaster barbara (Clay, 1938) on Alectoris barbara (Bonnaterre); Companulotes bidentatus compar (Burmeister, 1838) and Columbicola columbae columbae (Linneo, 1758) on Columba livia canariensis Bannerman and Degeeriella fulva (Giebel, 1874) on Buteo buteo insularis Floericke. All of them are recoreded for the first time in the Canary Islands, increasing to eleven the number of species of mallophaga known from this archipielago. Description and measurements of a taxon (Cuclotogaster barbara) and morphometric data of all the other species are given.

}, keywords = {bird, Canary, Islands, Mallophaga, parasite}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0709.pdf}, author = {Mar{\'\i}a Paz Mart{\'\i}n-Mateo} } @article {39277, title = {Notes on Mallophagan nomenclature II}, journal = {Entomologist}, volume = {80}, year = {1947}, note = {c; Further comments (continued from part 1) are given on the ICZN rules concerning the selection of a genotype species, particularly concerning the debate over whether the genotype shold be the first described species or the most common and well described species. Hopkins considers "what is the genotype" and the principle of priority when applied to authors names. Further to this the author and hosrt of Nirmus fuscus is considered. In addition Hopkins describes Degeeriella giebeli from Buteo buteo. Finally Hopkins considers what standing nomen nuda have and restates the ICZN rules that nomen nuda have no standing in nomenclature.}, month = {1947}, pages = {73 - 79}, keywords = {mtax, PHP}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0702.pdf}, author = {George H. E. Hopkins} } @article {39100, title = {Parasitophyletische studien zur ornithosystematik II. Die verteilung der Degeeriella und Falcolipeuridae bei den Accipitres}, journal = {Biologisches Zentralblatt}, volume = {73}, year = {1954}, note = {Considers the lice of the Falconiforms and qualitativly looks at the extent to which the relationships of the lice (assessed on the basis of traditional classifications) compares with that of their hosts. Host associations of the lice are detailed on a presence / absence basis. In particular Falcolipeurus, Kelerinrmus, Acutifrons, Pandion [?],Degeeriella, Aquilinae, Aegypiinae, and Gypaetinae are considered. A diagram looking at the phenetic head shape of their larvae (restricted to outlines) is provided. Phenograms of the supposed relationships of the hosts based on their louse fauna are given and possibly [?] this is considered in relation to the ecology and perhaps morphology of the hosts.}, month = {1954}, pages = {212 - 221}, keywords = {Amblycera, Ischnocera, mtax, PHP, Survey}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0481.pdf}, author = {Boetticher,H. von and Eichler,Wolfdietrich} }