@article {48034, title = {Ectoparasites on dogs and cats in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil}, journal = {Acta Amazonica}, volume = {36}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {535 - 538}, abstract = {Ectoparasites from different neighborhood of Manaus were collected from august 2001 to May 2002. On dogs it was found: Ctenocephalides f. felis (Bouch{\'e}, 1835) (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae), Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein, 1909) (Phthiraptera, Boopidae), Trichodetes canis (De Geer, 1778) (Phthiraptera, Trichodectidae) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille,1806) (Acari, Ixodidae). On cats: C. f. felis. The prevalence of ectoparasites was 80.8\% to dogs and 72.7\% to cats. For the flea C. f. felis was 28.7\% to dogs and 72.7\% to cats. For the lice H. spiniger was 12.3\% for dogs. For the lice T. canis was 0.1\% for dogs and for the tick R. sanguineus was 63\% for dogs. The infestation index for fleas was 1.26 to dogs and 1.27 to cats. The sexual ratio obtained was 1.96:1 to dogs and 3.66:1 to cats. The flea C. canis (Curtis, 1826) registered in 1922 was not found.}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47173.pdf}, author = {Castro,Marcelo Cutrim Moreira de and Rafael,Jos{\'e} Albertino} } @article {47924, title = {The finding of Felicola felis (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae) and exuviae of Amblycera in Felidae coprolitesfrom the archaeological site of Furna do Estrago, Pernambuco state, Brazil }, journal = {Entomolog{\'\i}a y Vectores, Rio de Janeiro}, volume = {8}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {395 - 402}, author = {Rita de Maria S Guerra and Duarte,Antonio Nascimento and Oliveira,H. H. and Mello,R. P. and Serra-Freire,Nicolau Mau{\'e}s} } @article {47897, title = {North Burgos (Spain) wild mammals ectoparasites}, journal = {Galemys}, volume = {15}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, abstract = {Twenty seven species of arthropods and three undetermined taxa (Acari, Mesostigmata), werecollected between August 1997 and December 2000 from 105 mammals studied. A total of 87 (82,8\%) animals harboured ectoparasites. Ticks were found in 60\% of the cases (63 animals), fleas in 51,4\% (54 animals), lice in 3,8\% (4 animals), and others (acari and hippoboscids) in 3,8\% (4 animals). The 41,3\% were single infestation and the 58,7\% mixed infestation for two or more species of ectoparasites. All wolves (Canis lupus) and badgers (Meles meles) studied were infested. Some of the species of arthropods were new records in Spain and our Community for a several host: Trichodectes canis and Paraceras melis melis on wolf, Ixodes trianguliceps on red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), Ixodes canisuga on badger, Monopsyllus sciurorum sciuroum on pine marten (Martes martes) and wild cat (Felis silvestris), P. melis melis on fox (Vulpes vulpes), stone marten (Martes foina) and polecat (Mustela putorius). Besides, two fleas were new records for Spain: Chaetopsylla matina on stone marten and Archaeopsylla erinacei erinacei on hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). }, keywords = {Survey, Trichodectes}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47034.pdf}, author = {Dominguez,G.} } @article {47456, title = {Arthropod-borne diseases in homeless}, journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, volume = {1078}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {223 - 235}, abstract = {Homeless people are particularly exposed to ectoparasite. The living conditions and the crowded shelters provide ideal conditions for the spread of lice, fleas, ticks, and mites. Body lice have long been recognized as human parasites and although typically prevalent in rural communities in upland areas of countries close to the equator, it is now increasingly encountered in developed countries especially in homeless people or inner city economically deprived population. Fleas are widespread but are not adapted to a specific host and may occasionally bite humans. Most common fleas that parasite humans are the cat, the rat, and the human fleas, Ctenocephalides felis, Xenopsylla cheopis, and Pulex irritans, respectively. Ticks belonging to the family Ixodidae, in particular, the genera Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus, and Ixodes, are frequent parasites in humans. Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis is a mite (Arachnida class) responsible for scabies. It is an obligate parasite of human skin. The hematophagic-biting mite, Liponyssoides sanguineus, is a mite of the rat, mouse, and other domestic rodents but can also bite humans. Finally, the incidence of skin disease secondary to infestation with the human bedbug, Cimex lectularius, has increased recently. Bacteria, such as Wolbacchia spp. have been detected in bedbug. The threat posed by the ectoparasite in homeless is not the ectoparasite themselves but the associated infectious diseases that they may transmit to humans. Except for scabies all these ectoparasites are potential vectors for infectious agents. Three louse-borne diseases are known at this time. Trench fever caused by Bartonella quintana (B. quintana), epidemic typhus caused by Rickettsia prowazekii, and relapsing fever caused by the spirochete Borrelia recurrentis. Fleas transmit plague (Xenopsylla cheopis and Pulex irritans), murine typhus (Xenopsylla cheopis), flea-borne spotted rickettsiosis on account of the recently described species Rickettsia felis (C. felis), and occasionally cat scratch disease on account of Bartonella henselae (C. felis). The role of fleas as potential vector of B. quintana has recently been suggested. Among the hematophagic-biting mites, L. sanguineus, is responsible for the transmission of Rickettsia akari, the etiologic agent of rickettsialpox. Virtually, no data are available on tick-borne disease in this population. This article will deal with epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of these ectoparasite and the infectious diseases they transmit to the homeless people.}, author = {Brouqui,Philippe and Didier Raoult} } @article {47457, title = {Epidemiology of rickettsioses in north Africa}, journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, volume = {1078}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {34 - 41}, abstract = {The first description of Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) was made by Conor and Brush in 1910 in Tunisia, where, at the same time, Nicolle described the role of lice in transmission of epidemic typhus. However, along this century, there have been few and fragmentary reports about ecology and epidemiology of rickettsioses in North Africa. This region was always considered, for these diseases, like other Mediterranean regions. The most human tick-borne rickettsiosis known to occur in North Africa is MSF caused by R. conorii and transmitted by the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Recent studies showed that other arthropode-transmitted rickettsiae are prevalent in North Africa: R. aeschlimannii, R. massiliae, and R. felis. Moreover, R. felis and R. aeschlimannii human infection were respectively confirmed, by serology in Tunisia, and by PCR in Morocco. The seroprevalence of R. conorii among healthy population was ranging from 5\% to 8\% in most of the countries. Epidemiological and clinical features are frequently resumed in an eruptive fever with eschar occurring in hot season in rural areas. Typhus group rickettsioses, caused by R. typhi and R. prowazekii are less frequently reported than in the 1970s. Seroprevalence of R. typhi among blood donors was from 0.5\% to 4\%. In Algeria about 2\% of febrile patients had R. prowazekii antibodies. Moreover, reemerging threat of epidemic typhus should be considered, after the two cases recently diagnosed in the highlands of Algeria. Murine typhus, considered as "benign" typhus, is underestimated. When R. typhi was inserted in serologic tests, murine typhus became more frequently confirmed. In a recent study in Central Tunisia, we confirmed an emergence of murine typhus mistaken for R. conorii or viral infection. In addition to typhus surveillance, future studies have to determine which spotted fever group rickettsiae are prevalent in vectors and in human pathology.}, author = {Letaief,Amel} } @article {46478, title = {Ectoparasites of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris galeata Pallas) and local domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) in southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria}, journal = {Veterinary Research Communications}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, note = {last name could be Okaerne}, month = {1988}, pages = {277 - 280}, abstract = {

The ectoparasites of poultry in a southern guinea savanna zone were investigated by the examination of guinea fowl and local domestic chickens in the range and guinea fowl under intensive management. The prevalent ectoparasites of range guinea fowl and local chickens include seven species of lice Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinae, Lipeurus caponis, Numidilipeurus tropicalis, Damalinia bovis; three mites Bdellonyssus bursa, Megninia cubitalis, Dermanyssus gallinae; two fleas Echidnophaga gallinacea, Ctenocephalides felis and two ticks Argas persicus and Ambylomma variegatum. Under intensive management, infestation by G. gigas, L. caponis and M. gallinae led to clinical signs, feather damage, reduced food intake and death.

}, keywords = {animals, chicken, ectoparasite, fleas, Lice Infestations/epidemiology/veterinary, Mallophaga, Mite Infestations/epidemiology/veterinary, Nigeria, poultry, Poultry Diseases}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00343245}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00343245}, author = {Okaeme,A. N.} } @article {46378, title = {Patterns of erythrocyte digestion by bloodsucking insects: constraints on vector competence}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {30}, year = {1993}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 0375400; ppublish}, month = {1993}, pages = {214 - 216}, address = {UNITED STATES}, abstract = {

Two general patterns of erythrocyte digestion were observed in representative species from four insect orders. Ingested erythrocytes were hemolyzed rapidly, and blood meals remained liquefied within body lice, Pediculus humanus L. and the fleas Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche) and Xenopyslla cheopis (Rothschild). Peritrophic membrane was absent. In contrast, there was a lag time of 6-18 h before substantial degradation of erythrocytes within the blood meals of bed bugs, Cimex lectularius L.; the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli; and the mosquitoes Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex pipiens L. Blood meals of sand flies and mosquitoes were clotted and surrounded by peritrophic membrane at 18-24 h after feeding. Clotting and peritrophic membrane were less pronounced in bed bugs. It is proposed that acquisition and maintenance of pathogen types (i.e., prokaryotic versus eukaryotic) within insects are constrained by the general pattern of bloodmeal processing.

}, keywords = {animals, bedbugs, Comparative Study, Culicidae, Fleas/physiology, Insect vectors, Pediculus, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.}, isbn = {0022-2585}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/30.1.214}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/jme/article-abstract/30/1/214/2221260}, author = {Vaughan,J. A. and Azad,A. F.} } @article {46358, title = {Studies on the ectoparasites (fleas and lice) on rodents in Riyadh and its surroundings, Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {23}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {723 - 735}, abstract = {A survey was conducted on rodents from the Riyadh City and surroundings. Two species of fleas, Xenopsylla cheopis and Ctenocephalides felis felis together with Polyplax spinulosa were collected. The highest infestation rate by both fleas occurred on Rattus rattus followed by Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus. Females of R. rattus and R. norvegicus were more infested by fleas than males. On the other hand, Meriones spp., Gerbillus spp., Jaculus jaculus and Acomys dimidiatus were infested with X. cheopis and C.f. felis. The highest infestation rate by fleas occurred on Gerbillus spp. followed by Meriones spp.}, keywords = {animals, ectoparasite, Fleas/classification, Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary, Lice/classification, Rodent Diseases/parasitology, Saudi Arabia}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45247.pdf}, author = {el Bahrawy,Awad A. F. and al Dakhil,Mohamed A.} } @article {46268, title = {The state of in vitro breeding of lice and fleas}, journal = {ALTEX : Alternativen zu Tierexperimenten}, volume = {13}, year = {1996}, note = {ppublish}, month = {1996}, pages = {130 - 135}, abstract = {Laboratory breeding of lice, fleas and other bloodsucking arthropods is necessary for developing and testing the efficacy of new drugs and alternative arthropod control methods. They are necessary to investigate their role as vectors of pathogens and to develop methods for diagnosis and therapy of arthropod caused or transmitted diseases. To date, it is not possible to replace rabbits as natural blood sources for breeding lice colonies (Pediculus spp.). But on the base of the knowledge about lice feeding and about in vitro-breeding of other arthropods it would be possible to develop an in vitro-feeding method for lice. For about three years an equipment is available in the USA for in vitro-breeding of cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis). Using this so called "Artificial dog" it would be possible to replace numerous of cats used as hosts of laboratory flea colonies in pharmaceutical companies and other research laboratories}, isbn = {0946-7785}, author = {Matthes,H. F. and Hiepe,T.} } @article {46043, title = {Detection of Rickettsia prowazekii in body lice and their feces by using monoclonal antibodies}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, volume = {40}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {3358 - 3363}, abstract = {

In order to identify Rickettsia prowazekii in lice, we developed a panel of 29 representative monoclonal antibodies selected from 187 positive hybridomas made by fusing splenocytes of immunized mice with SP2/0-Ag14 myeloma cells. Immunoblotting revealed that 15 monoclonal antibodies reacted with the lipopolysaccharide-like (LPS-L) antigen and 14 reacted with the epitopes of a 120-kDa protein. Only typhus group rickettsiae reacted with the monoclonal antibodies against LPS-L. R. felis, a recently identified rickettsial species, did not react with these monoclonal antibodies, confirming that it is not antigenically related to the typhus group. Monoclonal antibodies against the 120-kDa protein were highly specific for R. prowazekii. We successfully applied a selected monoclonal antibody against the 120-kDa protein to detect by immunofluorescence assay R. prowazekii in smears from 56 wild and laboratory lice, as well as in 10 samples of louse feces infected or not infected with the organism. We have developed a simple, practical, and specific diagnostic assay for clinical specimens and large-scale epidemiological surveys with a sensitivity of 91\%. These monoclonal antibodies could be added to the rickettsial diagnostic panel and be used to differentiate R. prowazekii from other rickettsial species.

}, keywords = {animals, Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis/diagnostic use/immunology, Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis/diagnostic use/immunology, Antibody Specificity, Blotting, Western, electrophoresis, Feces/microbiology, mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Pediculus, Rickettsia prowazekii/immunology/isolation \& purification}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/44853.pdf}, author = {Fang,Rong and Houhamdi,Linda and Didier Raoult} } @article {45994, title = {Detection of Rickettsia felis and R. typhi in fleas using monoclonal antibodies}, journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, volume = {990}, year = {2003}, note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 7506858; 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial); 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal); 0 (Antigens, Bacterial); ppublish}, month = {2003}, pages = {213 - 220}, address = {United States}, abstract = {

Rickettsia typhi and R. felis are flea-transmitted human pathogenic rickettsial species. To investigate the distributional dynamics of these rickettsiae we designed a micro-immunofluorescence assay (MIF) using species-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) applied to flea cryosections. Our assay was performed in less than 3 h and its applicability was demonstrated by the detection of R. typhi in 50 artificially infected human body lice but in none of 50 uninfected lice. With MIF, we identified 31 positive among 32 fleas proven with PCR to be naturally infected with R. felis; and 7 positive among 32 fleas proven with PCR to be naturally infected with R. typhi. No cross-detection was observed with both MAbs. Fresh R. felis-infected fleas were significantly more MIF-positive than long conserved R. typhi-infected fleas (31/32 vs. 7/32, P \< 0.01). This discrepancy may be linked to degradation of antigens by long-term freezing. For R. typhi-infected fleas, our assay was significantly more efficient when applied to fleas in early stages of infection (less than 15 days) by comparison with fleas frozen more than 20 days after infection (7/15 vs. 0/17, P = 0.01). This difference may be related to an antigenic modification caused by selection pressure in the vector and host process. The sensitivity of the described method did not exceed 47\% (7/15) for R. typhi but, in contrast, was 97\% for R. felis. Thus, our method appears to be useful for surveillance in R. felis infections, but requires further studies for the detection of R. typhi.

}, keywords = {animals, Antibodies, Bacterial, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antigens, Bacterial/immunology, Fleas/microbiology, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Lice/microbiology, Mice/microbiology, polymerase, Rickettsia felis/genetics/immunology/isolation \& purification, Rickettsia typhi/genetics/immunology/isolation \& purification}, isbn = {0077-8923}, author = {Fang,R. and Pierre-Edouard Fournier and Houhamdi,Linda and Azad,A. F. and Didier Raoult} } @article {44689, title = {Ectoparasites of the caracal}, journal = {Pelea}, volume = {5}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {27 - 30}, author = {Horak,Ivan G.} } @article {44434, title = {Sobre algumas especies brasileiras da ordem Mallophaga}, journal = {Mem{\'o}rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz}, volume = {28}, year = {1934}, month = {1934}, pages = {277 - 285}, keywords = {felis, martini, mtax, PHP, Tetragyropus, Trichodectes}, url = {https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/43066_0.pdf}, author = {Werneck,F{\'a}bio Leoni} } @article {40381, title = {Parasites of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Styria}, journal = {Wiener Tierarztliche Monatsschrift}, volume = {85}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {116 - 122}, abstract = {Between September 1993 and May 1994 the parasite fauna of Styrian foxes was studied in a total amount of 516 specimens sent to the Federal Institute for Veterinary Investigations at Graz in connection with a project called "Monitoring Fuchsbandwurm". The following ectoparasites could be found: three tick species: Ixodes hexagonus (3.2 \%), I. persulcatus (1.4 \%, firstly recorded in Styria), I. canisuga (0.5 \%), two mite species: Sarcoptes canis (13.8 \%) and Otodectes cynotis (17.4 \%), the louse fly Melophagus ovinus (0.5 \%) and eight flee-species: Pulex irritans (0.5 \%), Ctenocephalides felis(l.4 \%), Archaeopsylla erinacei (3.7 \%), Chaetopsylla globiceps (9.2 \%), Chaetopsylla t. trichosa (7.3 \%), Paraceras melis (1.4 \%), Tarsopsylla o. octodecimdentata (0.5 \%), and Ceratophyllus gallinae (0.5 \%). The following helminths were detected: Mesocestoides sp. (15.8 \%), Taenia crassiceps (14.6 \%), T. polyacantha (6.8 \%), T. pisiformis (0.2 \%), Taenia sp. (17.4 \%), Echinococcus multilocularis (3.6 \%); Trichuris vulpis (0.2\%), Capillaria aerophila (43.9 \%), C. plica (35.6 \%), Trichinella spiralis s.l. (1.2 \%), Uncinaria stenocephata (43.0 \%), Crenosoma vulpis (24.9 \%), Ollulanus tricuspis (2.1 \%), Toxocara canis (46.8 \%)? Toxascaris leonina (0.6 \%), non differentiated ascarids (3.2 \%). The examination of rectum faeces by means of flotation showed the following results. coccidian oocysts (8.6 \%) and eggs of different helminths: Taeniidae (5.4 \%),Capillaria aerophila (49.7 \%), Uncinaria stenocephala (22.2 \%), Toxocara canis (26.5 \%), Toxascaris leonina (0.2 \%), and Ascaris suum (1.0 \%).}, keywords = {Austria, cat, Cestoda, domestic, Echinococcus, echinococcus multilocularis, ectoparasite, Endoparasites, fox, Germany, infections, multilocularis, Prevalence, South, spiralis, Styria, Toxocara, Trichinella, tubingen, Vulpes, west}, author = {Lassnig,H. and Prosl,H. and Hinterdorfer,F.} } @article {40328, title = {Current knowledge of Bartonella species}, journal = {European Journal of Clinical Microbiology \& Infectious Diseases}, volume = {16}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {487 - 506}, abstract = {Bartonella species are now considered emerging pathogens. Of the 11 currently recognized species, four have been implicated in human disease, although only two have been encountered in Europe. Bartonella quintana infections are now being diagnosed among the urban homeless and deprived, manifesting as trench fever, and Bartonella henselae has been shown to be the causative agent of cat scratch disease. Both species also cause a variety of HIV-associated infections, including bacillary angiomatosis. However, perhaps the most significant presentation of bartonellae infection is culture-negative endocarditis. The epidemiologies of Bartonella infections are poorly understood; most Bartonella henselae infections are probably acquired from infected cats, either directly by contact with a cat or indirectly via fleas. No animal reservoir has been implicated for Bartonella quintana; however, infection can be transmitted via the human body louse. Diagnosis of Bartonella infections can be made using histological or microbiological methods. The demonstration of specific antibodies may be useful in some instances, although certainly not in all. Cultivation of Bartonella is difficult, as the bacteria are extremely fastidious. Polymerase chain reaction- based or immunological methods for the detection of bartonellae in infected tissues have proven useful. Clinical relapse is often associated with Bartonella infections despite a wide range of prescribed regimens. Only aminoglycosides display in vitro bactericidal activity against intracellular Bartonella species; therefore, they are recommended for treatment of Bartonella infections.}, keywords = {afipia felis, AIDS, angiomatosis, bacillary, cat, chain reaction, disease, genes, infections, polymerase, rochalimaea, sp.nov.}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/38687.pdf}, author = {Maurin,M. and Birtles,R. and Didier Raoult} } @article {40296, title = {Comparative studies of external parasites and gastro-intestinal helminths of chickens kept under different management system in and around Addis Ababa (Ethiopia)}, journal = {Revue De Medecine Veterinaire}, volume = {148}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {497 - 500}, abstract = {An attempt was made to study the influence of management system on the status of parasitism in local and exotic breeds of domestic fowls kept in and around Addis Ababa. Significant differences (X-2 p < 0.05) in prevalence rate of internal and external parasites were found between different management system. Out of 93 chickens in cage system, the only detected ecto-parasite was Dermanysus gallinae Examination of 102 chickens kept under semi intensive system unveiled different species of lice such as Gonoides gigas (44.12\%), Menopon gallinae (23.53\%), Menacanthus stramineus (10.78\%), Goniocotes gallinae (2.094\%) and one species of mite (Dermanysus gallinae). While in free ranging chickens (n=109), six different species of lice : Menacanthus stramineus (26.6\%), Menopon gallinae (60.55\%), Gonoides gigas (78.9\%), Goniocotes gallinae (10.09\%) and Cuclotogaster heterographus (14.71\%) were identified. In addition one species of mite (Dermanysus gallinae) and one species of flea Ctenocephalides felis (0.92\%) were recorded. Examination of 98 gastro intestinal viscera from chickens kept in cage system showed negative results for helminth parasites. Whereas in semi intensive system (N = 104), 57.73\% of chickens harboured at least one internal helminth parasite : Ascaridia galli (49.04\%), Heterakis gallinarum (11.57\%), Raillietina cesticillus (7.69\%), Raillietina tetragona (1.92\%) and Choanotaenia infundibulum (4.8\%) were detected. Out of 95 chickens from free range system, 97.89\% harboured at least one species of internal helminth parasite : Ascaridia galli (71.58\%), Heterakis gallinarum (21.05\%), Subulura brumpti (13.68\%)., Raillietina cesticillus (37.87\%), Raillietina echinobothridia (29.47\%), Raillietina tetragona (26.32\%), Choanotaenia infundibulum (22.16\%), Amoebotaenia sphenoides (12.63\%) and Hymenolepis carioca (5.26\%).}, keywords = {Amblycera, Amoebotaenia, Ascaridia, cesticillus, chicken, Choanotaenia, Ctenocephalides, Cuclotogaster, Dermanysus, echinobothridia, Ethiopia, felis, goniocotes, Goniodes, Heterakis, heterographus, Hymenolepis, Ischnocera, Menacanthus, menopon, Raillietina, sphenoides, stramineus, Subulura, tetragona}, author = {Abebe,W. and Asfaw,T. and Genete,B. and Kassa,B. and Dorchies,P.} } @article {40250, title = {Rickettsia felis: a new species of pathogenic Rickettsia isolated from cat fleas}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, volume = {34}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {671 - 674}, abstract = {A flea-borne rickettsia, previously referred to as ELB, has been implicated as a cause of human illness, Using sequence data obtained from a fragment of the citrate synthase gene, we compared ELB, Rickettsia australis, R. rickettsii, and R. akari with the louse-borne R. prowazekii. We tallied 24 base pair differences between ELB and R. prowazekii and 25 between R. rickettsii and R. prowazekii; there were 30 base pair differences between R. australis and R. prowazekii and 29 between R. akari and R. prowazekii. We observed 32 differences between Rickettsia typhi and ELB. Sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analyses of ELB, with typing sera against R. typhi indicate that ELB surface antigens are more closely related to the flea-borne R. typhi than to the mite-borne R. akari, On the basis of the results of citrate synthase gene sequence comparisons, as well as previous comparisons with 16S rRNA and 17-kDa-protein gene segments, we found that ELB is sufficiently genetically distinct from other rickettsiae to be designated a new species, Rickettsia felis.}, keywords = {typhus}, author = {Higgins,J. A. and Radulovic,S. and Schriefer,M. E. and Azad,A. F.} } @article {40213, title = {Prevalence of ectoparasites of goats in Tanzania}, journal = {Journal of Applied Animal Research}, volume = {7}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {69 - 74}, abstract = {

Survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of various ectoparasites infesting goats in Tanzania. Fifty four herds were surveyed out of which 78\%, 66\% and 44\% were infested with ticks, fleas and lice, respectively. Of the 415 goats examined, 74.7\%, 63.1\% and 47.7\% were infested with ticks, fleas and lice respectively. The species of ticks identified were Rhipicephalus evertsi, R. appendiculatus and Amblyomma variegatum. Ctenocephalides felis was the only species of flea recorded whereas the louse species were Damalinia caprae and Linognathus stenopsis. Heavy infestation with flea and louse was the cause of poor body condition and anaemia in young animals.

}, keywords = {anemia, fleas, lice, Prevalence, ticks}, doi = {10.1080/09712119.1995.9706052}, url = {https://www.gov.uk/dfid-research-outputs/prevalence-of-ectoparasites-of-goats-in-tanzania}, author = {Kusiluka,L. J. M. and Kambarage,D. M. and Matthewman,R. W. and Daborn,C. J. and Harrison,Launcelot J. S.} } @article {40216, title = {Fleas, lice and mites on scrub hares (Lepus saxatilis) in northern and eastern Transvaal in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa}, journal = {Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research}, volume = {62}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {133 - 137}, abstract = {

Fleas, lice and mites were collected from 24 and 120 scrub hares at Pafuri and Skukuza, Northern and Eastern Transvaal, respectively, in the Kruger National Park, and from 34 scrub hares in the Hluhluwe region, north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal. Ctenocephalides felis damarensis, the only flea recovered, reached peak burdens on the hares at each locality during late winter or spring. Juvenile hares harboured significantly fewer fleas than did adult animals. The lice Haemodipsus lyriocephalus and Haemodipsus setoni were collected from hares at each locality, with H. setoni generally being the most abundant. Listrophorus leporicolus was found on hares at Skukuza and Hluhluwe, and mites of the genus Cheyletiella were collected from hares at Skukuza.

}, keywords = {fleas, KwaZulu Natal, Lepus, lice, mites, scrub, Transvaal}, url = {https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Fleas\%2C-lice-and-mites-on-scrub-hares-(Lepus-in-and-Louw-Horak/5a7d5a8ab8c1312744e7f22f877f9be886611c15}, author = {Louw,J. P. and Horak,Ivan G. and Horak,M. L. and Braack,L. E. O.} } @article {40177, title = {Ectoparasites of opossums and raccoons in southeastern Georgia}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {31}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {915 - 919}, abstract = {Twelve species of ectoparasites (four fleas, three ticks, three chiggers, one macronyssid mite, and one atopomelid mite) were recovered from 42 opossums, Didelphis virginiana Kerr, live- trapped from September 1992 through April 1994 in southeastern Georgia. The fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche) (prevalence = 19\%) and Polygenis gwyni (C. Fox) (36\%); the ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (40\%) and Ixodes scapularis Say (19\%); and the macronyssid mite, Ornithonyssus wernecki (Fonseca) (21\%), exhibited the highest infestation prevalences on opossums. The atopomelid mite, Didelphilichus serrifer Fain, and the chigger mite Leptotrombidium peromysci Vercammen- Grandjean \& Langston, both ectoparasites of opossums, are reported from Gerogia for the first time. Six species of ectoparasites (one chewing louse, four ticks, and one macronyssid mite) were collected from 58 raccoons, Procyon lotor (L.), examined between October 1992 and September 1993 in the same region. The chewing louse, Trichodectes octomaculatus Paine (prevalence = 24\%); and the ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.) (69\%), D. variabilis (55\%), and Ixodes texanus Banks (24\%), exhibited the highest infestation prevalences on raccoons. Three species of ticks, A. americanum, D. variabilis, and I. scapularis, were the only ectoparasites recovered from both host species. Several of the ectoparasites collected are proven vectors of pathogenic agents that affect humans and animals.}, keywords = {Acari, amblyomma, arthropods, ectoparasite, mice, opossums}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/2824.pdf}, author = {Pung,O. J. and Lance A. Durden and Banks,C. W. and Jones,D. N.} } @article {40130, title = {Fleas and lice on scrub hares (Lepus saxatilis) in South Africa}, journal = {Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research}, volume = {60}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {95 - 101}, abstract = {

A total of 380 scrub hares (Lepus saxatilis) from 5 localities, ranging from the north-eastern Transvaal to the eastern and the south-western Cape Province of South Africa, were examined for fleas and lice. Ctenocephalides felis damarensis was almost exclusively responsible for the flea infestations on hares at 4 of the 5 sites. At 4 localities the prevalence and abundance of this flea reached peaks between August and October and declined thereafter to their lowest levels between February and April. Its prevalence and abundance in the north-eastern Transvaal were not correlated with the breeding cycle of the hares in this region. The 2 louse species recovered, sometimes sympatrically, were Haemodipsus lyriocephalus and Haemodipsus setoni. Listrophorus leporicolus was the only mite species recovered.

}, keywords = {Acari, animals, arthropod, Europe, flea, ixodid, parasite, Rabbit, Siphonaptera, spilopsyllus cuniculi, ticks, wild}, author = {Louw,J. P. and Horak,Ivan G. and Braack,L. E. O.} } @article {39830, title = {Arthropod parasites of Nubian ibexes (Capra ibex nubiana) and Gazelles (Gazella gazella) in Israel}, journal = {Veterinary Parasitology}, volume = {83}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {167 - 173}, abstract = {

In a 20-year survey the following ectoparasites were collected from Nubian ibexes: larvae of an unidentified Oestrus sp. collected from the nasal cavities, sinuses and hems, hippoboscid flies (Lipoptena chalcomelaena) specific to the Nubian ibex, blood sucking lice (Linognathus africanus) and unidentified biting lice (Damalinia sp.). Ibexes were severely infested with the cattle tick, Boophilus annulatus; a few Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum ticks were also collected. In five ibexes kept in two toes, showing otitis, Psoroptes cuniculi, was identified, and from skin scrapings of nine animals with severe dermatitis in three other toes, Sarcoptes scabiei was isolated. Infestation of Nubian ibexes with sucking and biting lice as well as H. anatolicum excavatum is reported for the first time. The ectoparasites collected from gazelles were: hippoboscid flies (Lipoptena capreoli), calliphorid flies (Lucilia sericata and Calliphora sp.), sucking lice (Linognathus africanus and Solenopotes capillatus) and unidentified biting lice (Damalinia sp.), fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis), and ticks, B, annalatus, Rhipicepahlus bursa, Rhipicephalus turanicus, H. anatolicum excavatum and H. marginatum rufipes. In skin scrapings of four gazelles with local dermatitis in the fetlocks Chorioptes bovis was identified. Neoschoengastia sp. was found in craters between the claws in three gazelles. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Capra, ectoparasite, Gazella, Ibex}, doi = {10.1016/S0304-4017(99)00073-4}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12906213_Arthropod_parasites_of_Nubian_ibexes_Capra_ibex_nubiana_and_Gazelles_Gazella_gazella_in_Israel}, author = {Yeruham,I. and Rosen,S. and Hadani,A. and Braverman,Y.} } @article {39799, title = {A new species of Felicola (Phthiraptera : Trichodectidae) from the endangered Iberian lynx: another reason to ensure its survival}, journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation}, volume = {10}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {929 - 937}, abstract = {

A new chewing louse species, Felicola (Lorisicola) isidoroi, is described and illustrated from a male Iberian lynx, Lynx pardinus (Carnivora: Felidae) in southern Spain. Although the new species is based only on a single adult male, it was felt that the scarcity of the host and the distinctiveness of the louse warranted its description. Considering the high degree of host-specificity of this group of lice, the current conservation status of the host as the most vulnerable felid species in the world, and the low prevalence shown by the new louse, we propose the status of endangered for the louse species also. A list of parasites recorded on Lynx pardinus and other carnivore hosts from the Iberian Peninsula is given, and their host-specificity is discussed.

}, keywords = {Chewing lice, Felicola, Iberian, isidoroi, lice, Lorisicola, lynx, mtax, n.sp., parasite, PHP, sheep, soay, sp.nov., trichodectidae}, url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.577.9831\&rep=rep1\&type=pdf}, author = {Jes{\'u}s M. P{\'e}rez and Ricardo L. Palma} } @article {39722, title = {Ectoparasite insects of the dog in Laos}, journal = {Revue De Medecine Veterinaire}, volume = {152}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {77 - 82}, abstract = {

Three species have been collected, all new for this country : the Fleas Ctenocephalides f. felis, C. orientis and the Mallophaga Heterodoxus spiniger; some hyperparasites have been reported. This Fauna was compared to the one of the nearest countries.

}, keywords = {Amblycera, Dog Diseases, ectoparasite, Laos, Survey}, url = {http://www.revmedvet.com/artdes-us.php?id=1019}, author = {Beaucournu,Jean-Claude and Jouan,R. and Menier,K.} } @article {39319, title = {Common grackle anting with lime fruit and its effect on ectoparasites}, journal = {Auk}, volume = {110}, year = {1993}, note = {[INCOMPLETE: Add alternate journal name] Examines anting behaviour in the common grackle and the affect of lime peel on lice. Empirical data given on the insecticidal affect of lime peel on Columbicola columbae. Note that the flesh and juice from the fruit appeared to have no affect on the lice.}, month = {1993}, pages = {951 - 952}, keywords = {cat, ctenocephalides felis, flea, life, material, nest, pulicidae, Siphonaptera, stages, toxicity}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0756.pdf}, author = {Clayton,Dale H. and Vernon,J. G.} } @article {39029, title = {A review of the Felicola felis complex (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae) found on new world cats (Carnivora: Felidae)}, journal = {Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington}, volume = {85}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {1 - 9}, abstract = {

Felicola felis (Werneck), found on Felis pardalis, and F. spenceri Hopkins, found on Feliss canadensis, are redescribed and illustrated. Five new species of Felicola are described and illustrated: F. americanus on Felis rufa, F. braziliensis on Felis colocola, F. neofelis on Felis geoffroyi, F. sudamericanus on Felis tigrina, and F. similis onFelis yagouaroundi. A key is provided for identificiation of the seven new species.

}, keywords = {mtax, PHP}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0398.pdf}, author = {Kary C. Emerson and Roger D. Price} }