@article {96144, title = {Ba{\c s} biti enfestasyonlar{\i}n{\i}n etkin kontrol{\"u} i{\c c}in uluslararas{\i} tavsiyeler}, journal = {Turk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi}, volume = {79}, year = {2022}, month = {Jan-01-2022}, pages = {748-761}, abstract = {

Ba{\c s} biti enfestasyonlar{\i}n{\i}n etkin kontrol\ü i\çin uluslararas{\i} tavsiyeler

Ba{\c s} biti enfestasyonlar{\i}, en geli{\c s}mi{\c s} olanlar da d\âhil olmak \üzere \ço{\u g}u \ülkede halk sa{\u g}l{\i}{\u g}{\i}n{\i} ilgilendiren bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Makalede sunulan tavsiyeler, bu parazitin prevalans{\i}n{\i} azaltmak amac{\i}yla ba{\c s} biti kontrol\ünde farkl{\i} otoritelerin, kurumlar{\i}n, end\üstrinin ve kamunun rollerini ve etkilerini vurgulamay{\i} ve bilgilendirmeyi ama\çlamaktad{\i}r. Sa{\u g}l{\i}k yetkililerini, bu t\ür enfestasyonlar{\i}n do{\u g}ru {\c s}ekilde tespit edilmesi; mevcut ve yeni pedik\ülositler, t{\i}bbi cihazlar, repellentler, bit ve yumurta giderici \ür\ünlerin de{\u g}erlendirilmesi amac{\i}yla daha etkili y\öntemler izlemeye te{\c s}vik etmeyi umuyoruz. Pedik\ülositler ve t{\i}bbi cihazlar, kullan{\i}m talimatlar{\i}nda do{\u g}rulanabilir a\ç{\i}klamalara sahip olmal{\i} ayr{\i}ca aktif bile{\c s}enlere ve form\üle \ür\ünlere kar{\c s}{\i} bitlerin diren\ç seviyelerinin mevcut durumunu belgelemek i\çin periyodik olarak test edilmelidir. Bit yayg{\i}nl{\i}{\u g}{\i}n{\i}n salg{\i}n d\üzeyine ula{\c s}t{\i}{\u g}{\i} iddialar{\i} ortaya at{\i}ld{\i}{\u g}{\i}nda, ger\çek yayg{\i}nl{\i}k d\üzeyinin kan{\i}tlanmas{\i} amac{\i}yla \çocuklar periyodik aral{\i}klarla objektif olarak de{\u g}erlendirilmelidir. Sa{\u g}l{\i}k hizmeti sunanlar ve toplum geneli i\çin d\üzenlenen s\ürekli e{\u g}itimlerle bitlerin biyolojisi, \önlenmesi ve kontrol\ü konusundaki yanl{\i}{\c s} bilgilerin d\üzeltilmesi sa{\u g}lanabilir. Ebeveynler, \çocuklar{\i}n{\i} ba{\c s} biti a\ç{\i}s{\i}ndan d\üzenli olarak kontrol etmeli ve gerekti{\u g}inde tedavi etmelidir. Sa{\u g}l{\i}k yetkilileri, vakalar{\i} ve yayg{\i}nl{\i}{\u g}{\i} azaltmada bir ara\ç olarak kullan{\i}lan ancak bilimsel gerek\çesi olmad{\i}{\u g}{\i} gibi \çocuklar{\i}n sa{\u g}l{\i}{\u g}{\i} ve huzuruna da ters etki yapan \“sirkeye ge\çit yok- no-nit politikas{\i}\” tarz{\i}nda \çocuklar{\i} okuldan uzakla{\c s}t{\i}rmaya dayal{\i} politika ve uygulamalar{\i}n ortadan kald{\i}r{\i}lmas{\i} i\çin m\ücadele etmelidir.

The English version see https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ijd.15096 Or https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/node/95099

}, keywords = {Ba{\c s} biti, kontrol, tedavi}, issn = {0377-9777, 1308-2523}, doi = {10.5505/turkhijyen.2022.78872}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/turkhijyen.2022.78872}, author = {Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu and Richard J. Pollack and David L. Reed and Stephen C. Barker and Gordon,S. C. and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Picollo,Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s and Taylan-Ozkan,Aysegul and Chosidow,Olivier and Habedank,Birgit and Ibarra,Joanna and Meinking,Terri Lynn and Vander Stichele,Robert H.} } @article {95099, title = {International recommendations for an effective control of head louse infestations}, journal = {International Journal of Dermatology}, volume = {60}, year = {2021}, month = {08-2020}, pages = {272-280}, type = {Open access, online version prior to inclusion of issue}, abstract = {

Head louse infestations continue to be a concern of public health in most countries, including the most developed ones. The present recommendations are intended to inform and stress the role and impact of the different authorities, institutions, industry, and the public in the control of head lice in order to reduce the prevalence of this parasite. We encourage health authorities to pursue more effective methods to correctly identify such infestations, and evaluate existing and new pediculicides, medical devices, louse repellents, and louse- and nit-removal remedies. Pediculicides and medical devices must have verifiable claims in the instructions for use and should be tested periodically to document current levels of resistance by lice to the active ingredients and to the formulated products. Where the prevalence of lice is claimed to be epidemic, children should be periodically evaluated objectively to document the actual level of prevalence. Continuing education for health providers and the general population promises to correct misinformation regarding the biology, prevention, and management of lice. Parents should regularly inspect their children for head lice and treat as necessary. Health authorities are encouraged to eliminate policies and practices that rely upon school exclusion as a means to reduce incidence and prevalence, e.g., the \‘no-nit\’ policy which lacks scientific justification, and are counterproductive to the health and welfare of children.

Attachment 95099.pdf -online version published 2020

The published version in Turkish, see Mumcuo{\u g}lu KY, Pollack RJ, Reed D, Barker S, Gordon S, Toloza AC, Picollo MI, Taylan \Özkan A, Chosidow O, Habedank B, Ibarra J, Meinking TL, Vander Stichele R. Ba{\c s} biti enfestasyonlar{\i}n{\i}n etkin kontrol\ü i\çin uluslararas{\i} tavsiyeler Turk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 2021; 79(4): 748\–761. doi: 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2022.78872 https://www.turkhijyen.org/jvi.aspx?pdir=turkhijyen\&plng=tur\&un=THDBD-78872\&look4= OR DOI: 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2022.78872 OR https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/node/96144

}, keywords = {head louse infestation, head louse treatment, Pediculicides}, issn = {0011-9059}, doi = {10.1111/ijd.15096}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ijd.15096}, author = {Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu and Richard J. Pollack and David L. Reed and Stephen C. Barker and Gordon,S. C. and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Picollo,Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s and Taylan-Ozkan,Aysegul and Chosidow,Olivier and Habedank,Birgit and Ibarra,Joanna and Meinking,Terri Lynn and Vander Stichele,Robert H.} } @article {68948, title = {Ex vivo effectiveness of French over-the-counter products against head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer, 1778)}, journal = {Parasitology Research}, volume = {114}, year = {2015}, month = {Jan-05-2015}, pages = {1779 - 1792}, abstract = {

Head lice infestation is still a public health problem worldwide, with an intracountry and intercountry prevalence \ ariation of 0.7 to 59\%. There is a large variety of over-the-counter anti-louse products, but their efficacy is not \ lways well assessed. Our objective was to test the pediculicidal and ovicidal efficacy of 21 over-the-counter head louse products, available in France during the period of 2008 to 2012. We tested children living in Tours City in central France and visiting preschools, primary schools, kindergarten, camps, and child care facilities, as well as children in their family houses, and were examined for the presence of lice. The products were collected from randomly selected pharmacies by covert investigators and then tested in the laboratory on an ex vivo sample of head lice and their eggs, collected from the hair of infested children. Living lice and unharmed eggs were \ collected from the scalps of 3-12 years old. The laboratory conditions for ex vivo testing mimicked the manufacturers\&$\#$39; instructions for exposure time and application method. In 21 runs, 3919 living lice and 4321 undamaged living eggs were collected from the scalp of over 400 children. The 21 products were classified in three groups: 6 products in a group of potentially 100\% pediculicidal activity and potentially 100\% ovicidal activity, 8 products in a group of potentially 100\% pediculicidal activity but insufficient ovicidal activity (including 2 products with claims of single application treatment), and 7 products in a group of insufficient pediculicidal activity and ovicidal activity. The pharmaceutical market for head lice products in France is swamped with poorly tested and ineffective products. Rigorous efficacy testing preregistration and periodic screening and testing of \ ffectiveness in the post-registration period should be endorsed by the health authorities.

}, keywords = {Effectiveness, Ex vivo assays, France}, issn = {0932-0113}, doi = {10.1007/s00436-015-4363-9}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/68948.pdf}, author = {Combescot-Lang, Catherine and Vander Stichele,Robert H. and Toubate, Berthine and Veirron, Emilie and Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu} } @article {47024, title = {Systematic review of clinical efficacy of topical treatments for head lice. authors{\textquoteright} reply}, journal = {British Medical Journal}, volume = {311}, year = {1995}, note = {reply to: Stallbaumer,M.; Burgess,I.;}, month = {1995}, pages = {1369 - 1370}, keywords = {capitis, comparative, creme, infections, Infestation, insecticide, lindane, lotion, louse, Malathion, Pediculosis, Pyrethrum, resistance, rinse, shampoo, trial}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46109.pdf}, author = {Vander Stichele,Robert H. and Dezeure,Els M. and Bogaert,Marc G.} } @article {46135, title = {Wet combing versus traditional scalp inspection to detect head lice in schoolchildren: observational study}, journal = {British Medical Journal}, volume = {321}, year = {2000}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 8900488; ppublish}, month = {2000}, pages = {1187 - 1188}, keywords = {animals, child, Child, Preschool, humans, Lice Infestations/diagnosis, Mass Screening/methods, Pediculus, Physical Examination, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, scalp}, isbn = {0959-8138}, doi = { https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7270.1187}, url = {https://www.bmj.com/content/321/7270/1187/rapid-responses}, author = {De Maeseneer,Jan and Blokland,Ineke and Willems,Sara and Vander Stichele,Robert H. and Meersschaut,Filip} } @article {46050, title = {Wet combing for head lice: feasibility in mass screening, treatment preference and outcome}, journal = {Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine}, volume = {95}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {348 - 352}, abstract = {

There is no scientific consensus on the best way to control head louse infestation in schoolchildren. A study was conducted to test the feasibility and acceptability of a screening campaign by wet combing and a community approach to head-louse control with home visits, and to explore parents\&$\#$39; treatment preferences and treatment outcomes. A non-controlled intervention (advice on treatment options offered to all positive children) was nested within an epidemiological prevalence study. All children in three primary schools in Ghent, Belgium, were invited to take part in screening by wet combing (n=677, 3-11 years). Positive children were offered structural treatment advice, a home visit on day 7, and a check by wet combing on day 14. 83\% of the children were screened. The prevalence of active infestation (living moving lice) was 13.0\% in school 1 and 19.5\% in school 3. In school 2, prevalence of signs of active and past infestation was 40.7\%. A home visit was made to 58\% of the positive children. 85\% of the positive children were screened again on day 14. Wet combing was the most widely used treatment, followed by chemical treatment and a combination of the two. In school 1 and 3 51\% were cured, and in school 2 24\% became nit-free. A wet combing screening campaign and a community-oriented approach to head-louse control is feasible though resource-intensive. The prevalence of head lice was high and the cure rate was low, with either topical treatments or wet combing.

}, keywords = {animals, Belgium/epidemiology, child, Child, Preschool, Feasibility Studies, humans, Lice Infestations/epidemiology/prevention \& control, Mass Screening/methods/standards, patient, Pediculus, Prevalence, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, scalp dermatoses, Treatment Outcome}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/014107680209500707}, url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/014107680209500707}, author = {Vander Stichele,Robert H. and Gyssels,L. and Bracke,C. and Meersschaut,Filip and Blokland,Ineke and Wittouck,E. and Willems,S. and De Maeseneer,Jan} } @article {45965, title = {Evidence in the treatment of head lice: drowning in a swamp of reviews}, journal = {Clinical Infectious diseases}, volume = {37}, year = {2003}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 9203213; 0 (Insecticides); 121-75-5 (Malathion); CON: Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Jun 1;36(11):1355-61. PMID: 12766828; ppublish}, month = {2003}, pages = {1580 - 1582}, address = {United States}, keywords = {animals, Clinical Trials, humans, insecticide, Lice Infestations/drug therapy, Malathion, Pediculosis, Pediculus}, isbn = {1537-6591}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1086/379614}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/37/11/1580/373951}, author = {Lapeere,Hilde and Vander Stichele,Robert H. and Naeyaert,J. M.} } @article {40290, title = {Topical treatments for head lice - Reply}, journal = {British Medical Journal}, volume = {312}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {123 - 123}, keywords = {Pediculosis, review}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/38643.pdf}, author = {Vander Stichele,Robert H. and Bogaert,Marc G. and Dezeure,E.} } @article {40233, title = {Clinical efficacy of treatment for head lice - reply}, journal = {British Medical Journal}, volume = {311}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {1369 - 1370}, abstract = {

EDITOR,--Both Manice Stallbaumer and colleagues and Ian F Burgess point out the potential or inevitable development of resistance to broadly used pediculicides, which makes extrapolation of results of studies performed in one country to another country hazardous. Indeed, since we completed our manuscript reports of resistance to permethrin have been published.1 2

We agree that a strategy for containing the pandemic of head lice should be based on the use of several active ingredients of proved efficacy. Hence we deplore \…

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7016.1369b}, url = {https://www.bmj.com/content/311/7016/1369.3.full}, author = {Vander Stichele,Robert H. and Bogaert,Marc G.} } @article {40234, title = {Systematic review of clinical efficacy of topical treatments for head lice}, journal = {British Medical Journal}, volume = {311}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {604 - 608}, abstract = {

Objectives-To collect and evaluate all trials on clinical efficacy of topical treatments for head lice.Design-Systematic review of randomised trials identified from following data sources: Medline, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Science Citation Index,letters to key authors and companies, and hand search of journals. Setting-Trials in schools or communities. Subjects-Patients infested with lice. Main outcome measure-Cure rate (absence of Live lice and viable nits) on day 14 after treatment. Results-Total of 28 trials were identified and evaluated according to eight general and 18 lice specific criteria. Of the 14 trials rated as having low to moderate risk of bias, seven were selected as they used the main outcome measure. These seven trials described 21 evaluations of eight different compounds and placebo (all but two evaluations were of single applications). Only permethrin 1\% creme rinse showed efficacy in more than two studies with the lower 95\% confidence limit of cure rate above 90\%. Conclusions-Only for permethrin has sufficient evidence been published to show efficacy. Less expensive treatments such as malathion and carbaryl need more evidence of efficacy. Lindane and the natural pyrethrines are not sufficiently effective to justify their use.

}, keywords = {capitis, comparative, creme, infections, Infestation, insecticide, lindane, lotion, louse, Malathion, Pediculosis, Pyrethrum, resistance, rinse, shampoo, trial}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7005.604}, url = {https://www.bmj.com/content/311/7005/604}, author = {Vander Stichele,Robert H. and Dezeure,Els M. and Bogaert,Marc G.} }