@article {96431, title = {Nuclear genetic diversity of head lice sheds light on human dispersal around the world}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {18}, year = {2023}, month = {Nov-08-2023}, pages = {30 pp}, abstract = {

The human louse, Pediculus humanus, is an obligate blood-sucking ectoparasite that has coevolved with humans for millennia. Given the intimate relationship between this parasite and the human host, the study of human lice has the potential to shed light on aspects of human evolution that are difficult to interpret using other biological evidence. In this study, we analyzed the genetic variation in 274 human lice from 25 geographic sites around the world by using nuclear microsatellite loci and female-inherited mitochondrial DNA sequences. Nuclear genetic diversity analysis revealed the presence of two distinct genetic clusters I and II, which are subdivided into subclusters: Ia-Ib and IIa-IIb, respectively. Among these samples, we observed the presence of the two most common louse mitochondrial haplogroups: A and B that were found in both nuclear Clusters I and II. Evidence of nuclear admixture was uncommon (12\%) and was predominate in the New World potentially mirroring the history of colonization in the Americas. These findings were supported by novel DIYABC simulations that were built using both host and parasite data to define parameters and models suggesting that admixture between cI and cII was very recent. This pattern could also be the result of a reproductive barrier between these two nuclear genetic clusters. In addition to providing new evolutionary knowledge about this human parasite, our study could guide the development of new analyses in other host-parasite systems.

}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0293409}, url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0293409}, author = {Ascunce, Marina S. and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Ang{\'e}lica Gonz{\'a}lez-Oliver and David L. Reed} } @article {96375, title = {First Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii in Pediculus humanus capitis from Latin America}, journal = {Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease}, volume = {8}, year = {2023}, month = {Jun-29-2023}, pages = {8 pp}, type = {Open Access - Brief report}, abstract = {

Several studies have documented the presence of Acinetobacter baumannii, a known multi-drug-resistant pathogen, in the human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis. Since no reports from countries in Latin America have been published, the aim of the present study was to determine whether A. baumannii was present in head lice specimens collected in this geographic region. Head lice specimens from Argentina, Colombia, and Honduras were analyzed. PCR assays were performed to confirm the specimens\’ species and to investigate whether the DNA of A. baumannii was present. The products of the latter were sequenced to confirm bacterial identity. Altogether, 122 pools of head lice were analyzed, of which two (1.64\%) were positive for A. baumannii\’s DNA. The positive head lice had been collected at the poorest study site in Honduras. The remaining specimens were negative. This study is the first to report the presence of A. baumannii in human head lice from Latin America. Further investigations are required to elucidate whether these ectoparasites can serve as natural reservoirs or even effectively transmit A. baumannii to humans.

}, keywords = {Acinetobacter baumannii, Argentina, Colombia, head lice, Honduras, Latin America}, issn = {2414-6366}, doi = {10.3390/tropicalmed8070345}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/8/7/345}, author = {Kelsey Larkin and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Jose Antonio Gabrie and Carol Rodr{\'\i}guez and Mar{\'\i}a M. Rueda and Gabriela Matamoros and Oscar Palacio and Shabana Jamani and Gustavo Fontecha and Ana Sanchez} } @article {96144, title = {Ba{\c s} biti enfestasyonlar{\i}n{\i}n etkin kontrol{\"u} i{\c c}in uluslararas{\i} tavsiyeler}, journal = {Turk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi}, volume = {79}, year = {2022}, month = {Jan-01-2022}, pages = {748-761}, abstract = {

Ba{\c s} biti enfestasyonlar{\i}n{\i}n etkin kontrol\ü i\çin uluslararas{\i} tavsiyeler

Ba{\c s} biti enfestasyonlar{\i}, en geli{\c s}mi{\c s} olanlar da d\âhil olmak \üzere \ço{\u g}u \ülkede halk sa{\u g}l{\i}{\u g}{\i}n{\i} ilgilendiren bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Makalede sunulan tavsiyeler, bu parazitin prevalans{\i}n{\i} azaltmak amac{\i}yla ba{\c s} biti kontrol\ünde farkl{\i} otoritelerin, kurumlar{\i}n, end\üstrinin ve kamunun rollerini ve etkilerini vurgulamay{\i} ve bilgilendirmeyi ama\çlamaktad{\i}r. Sa{\u g}l{\i}k yetkililerini, bu t\ür enfestasyonlar{\i}n do{\u g}ru {\c s}ekilde tespit edilmesi; mevcut ve yeni pedik\ülositler, t{\i}bbi cihazlar, repellentler, bit ve yumurta giderici \ür\ünlerin de{\u g}erlendirilmesi amac{\i}yla daha etkili y\öntemler izlemeye te{\c s}vik etmeyi umuyoruz. Pedik\ülositler ve t{\i}bbi cihazlar, kullan{\i}m talimatlar{\i}nda do{\u g}rulanabilir a\ç{\i}klamalara sahip olmal{\i} ayr{\i}ca aktif bile{\c s}enlere ve form\üle \ür\ünlere kar{\c s}{\i} bitlerin diren\ç seviyelerinin mevcut durumunu belgelemek i\çin periyodik olarak test edilmelidir. Bit yayg{\i}nl{\i}{\u g}{\i}n{\i}n salg{\i}n d\üzeyine ula{\c s}t{\i}{\u g}{\i} iddialar{\i} ortaya at{\i}ld{\i}{\u g}{\i}nda, ger\çek yayg{\i}nl{\i}k d\üzeyinin kan{\i}tlanmas{\i} amac{\i}yla \çocuklar periyodik aral{\i}klarla objektif olarak de{\u g}erlendirilmelidir. Sa{\u g}l{\i}k hizmeti sunanlar ve toplum geneli i\çin d\üzenlenen s\ürekli e{\u g}itimlerle bitlerin biyolojisi, \önlenmesi ve kontrol\ü konusundaki yanl{\i}{\c s} bilgilerin d\üzeltilmesi sa{\u g}lanabilir. Ebeveynler, \çocuklar{\i}n{\i} ba{\c s} biti a\ç{\i}s{\i}ndan d\üzenli olarak kontrol etmeli ve gerekti{\u g}inde tedavi etmelidir. Sa{\u g}l{\i}k yetkilileri, vakalar{\i} ve yayg{\i}nl{\i}{\u g}{\i} azaltmada bir ara\ç olarak kullan{\i}lan ancak bilimsel gerek\çesi olmad{\i}{\u g}{\i} gibi \çocuklar{\i}n sa{\u g}l{\i}{\u g}{\i} ve huzuruna da ters etki yapan \“sirkeye ge\çit yok- no-nit politikas{\i}\” tarz{\i}nda \çocuklar{\i} okuldan uzakla{\c s}t{\i}rmaya dayal{\i} politika ve uygulamalar{\i}n ortadan kald{\i}r{\i}lmas{\i} i\çin m\ücadele etmelidir.

The English version see https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ijd.15096 Or https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/node/95099

}, keywords = {Ba{\c s} biti, kontrol, tedavi}, issn = {0377-9777, 1308-2523}, doi = {10.5505/turkhijyen.2022.78872}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/turkhijyen.2022.78872}, author = {Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu and Richard J. Pollack and David L. Reed and Stephen C. Barker and Gordon,S. C. and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Picollo,Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s and Taylan-Ozkan,Aysegul and Chosidow,Olivier and Habedank,Birgit and Ibarra,Joanna and Meinking,Terri Lynn and Vander Stichele,Robert H.} } @article {96019, title = {Molecular Monitoring of Knockdown Resistance in Head Louse (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) Populations in Iran}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {58}, year = {2021}, month = {Jun-09-2021}, pages = {2321-2329}, abstract = {

Knockdown resistance (kdr) is a common mechanism of insecticide resistance in head lice to the conventionally used pyrethroid pediculosis and can be the result of various amino acid substitutions within the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC). In this study, 54 sequences from varied specimens were investigated to monitor well-known resistance mutations and probable new mutations. The Pediculus humanus capitis de Geer specimens were collected from 13 provinces in Iran. The specimens were stored in 70\% ethanol until DNA extraction and PCR amplification of ~900-bp fragment of VSSC. The sequences were analyzed using different bioinformatics software for the detection of well-known kdr substitutions and additional mutations potentially associated with kdr resistance in head lice. There were six new and an old (haplotype I) kdr haplotypes within the Iranian head louse population. K794E, F815I, and N818D amino acid substitutions were reported for the first time. The P813H mutation was the most prevalent amino acid substitution in eight provinces. Among 53 sequences, 26 (49\%) were homozygous susceptible, and 27 (51\%) were heterozygotes. Thus, 51\% of the head lice collected in Iran harbored only the P813H allele. The exact test for the Hardy\–Weinberg (H\–W) equilibrium showed that genotype frequencies differed significantly from the expectation in East-Azerbaijan and Tehran provinces. Moreover, these populations had an inbreeding coefficient (Fis) \<0, indicating the excess of heterozygotes. This observation suggests that the populations of head lice from Iran are currently under active selective pressure. For the rest of the populations, H\–W equilibrium and the expectations were significantly in harmony. The results of the current study highlight molecular techniques in the accurate detection of resistance genotypes before their establishment within the head louse population. Accurate detection of resistant genotypes seems to be helpful in decision-making on lice control programs and resistance monitoring and management.

}, issn = {0022-2585, 1938-2928}, doi = {10.1093/jme/tjab101}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/jme/article-abstract/58/6/2321/6295458}, author = {Fereshteh Ghahvechi_Khaligh and Navid Dinparast Djadid and Mostafa Farmani and Zahra Asadi_Saatlou and Samira Firooziyan and Fatemeh Abedi-Astaneh and Fariba Farnoosh and Aioub Sofizadeh and Firoozeh Naseri and Delnia Adib and Mohammad Taheri and Emran Lalehzari and Shabnam Pashaei and Shadiyeh Soltanbeiglou and Aboozar Soltani and Hassan Khooban and Ebrahim Abbasi and Ali-Ashraf Aivazi and Samrand Saeedi and Behrooz Taghilou and Abbas Jafari and Kamal Dashti_Khavidak and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Saber Gholizadeh} } @article {95353, title = {Environmentally friendly platforms for encapsulation of an essential oil: Fabrication, characterization and application in pests control}, journal = {Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects}, volume = {555}, year = {2018}, month = {10-2018}, pages = {473 - 481}, abstract = {

Essential oils are highly volatile and non-water soluble natural products which have shown high efficiency against several insect pests. However, their low solubility in water is an important drawback for their practical applications. This work explores the design of new nanocarriers of eugenol based on silica nanoparticles capped with Pluronic F-127, a triblock copolymer of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide). Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and \ζ-potential measurements have shown that particles capped with Pluronic F-127 are able to disperse eugenol between the polymer chains, probably due to the presence of poly(propylene oxide) blocks. Thus, nanocarriers with a structure similar to Pluronic F-127 emulsions supported on silica nanoparticles are formed. These nanocarriers are only stabilized in aqueous medium under conditions in which the ratio between the weight fractions of Pluronic F-127 and eugenol is above 1.5, otherwise phase separation appears within the first 48 h after their preparation. Furthermore, the weight fraction of silica nanoparticles is limited to low values. This work offers new possibilities for designing new aqueous based formulations with application in pests control. The use of aqueous formulations for this purpose is interesting because it makes easy the application process, handling and storage, reducing the hazards for environmental and human health associated with the use of toxic and volatile solvent.

}, keywords = {Biopesticides, Colloidal dispersion, Essential oils, Nanoparticles}, issn = {09277757}, doi = {10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.07.028}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0927775718306319}, author = {Natalia S{\'a}nchez-Arribas and Eduardo Guzm{\'a}n and Alejandro Lucia and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Manuel G. Velarde and Francisco Ortega and Ram{\'o}n G. Rubio} } @article {95307, title = {First evidence of the mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in head lice (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) from Honduras}, journal = {Parasites \& Vectors}, volume = {13}, year = {2020}, month = {June-2020}, pages = {7 pp}, type = {Open Access}, abstract = {

Background:The human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis, is a cosmopolitan blood-sucking ectoparasite affect-ing mostly schoolchildren in both developed and developing countries. In Honduras, chemical pediculicides are the first line of treatment, with permethrin as their main active ingredient. Despite the extended use of these products, there is currently no research investigating insecticide resistance in Honduran head lice. In head lice, the most com-mon mechanism is knockdown resistance (kdr), which is the result of two point mutations and the associated amino acid substitutions, T917I and L920F, within the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC).

Methods:Genomic DNA was extracted from 83 head lice collected in the localities of San Buenaventura and La Hicaca, Honduras. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a 332-bp fragment of the VSSC gene that contains a site affected by C/T mutation which results in a T917I amino acid substitution on each human head louse genomic DNA fragments.

Results:The C/T non-synonymous mutation which results in the T917I kdr amino acid substitution was detected in both head lice populations at frequencies ranging between 0.45\–0.5. Globally, the frequency of this substitution was 0.47. Of these, 5 (6.1\%) were homozygous susceptible and 78 (93.9\%) were heterozygotes. The kdr-resistant homozy-gote (RR) was not detected in the studied populations. Thus, 93.9\% of the head lice collected in Honduras harbored only one T917I allele. Exact test for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for both localities showed that genotype frequen-cies differed significantly from expectation. In addition, San Buenaventura and La Hicaca populations had an inbreed-ing coefficient\  (Fis) \< 0, suggesting an excess of heterozygotes.

Conclusions:To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the presence of the C/T mutation responsible of the T917I kdr allele associated with pyrethroid resistance in P. h. capitis from Honduras. The PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) employed here has demonstrated to be a reliable, economic, and reproducible assay that can be used to accurately genotype individual head lice for the mutation encoding the resistance-conferring T917I amino acid substitution. This highlights the necessity of proactive resistance management programmes designed to detect pyrethroid mutations before they become established within populations of head lice.

}, keywords = {Honduras, Insecticide resistance, kdr, Pyrethroid, Voltage-sensitive sodium channel}, doi = {10.1186/s13071-020-04183-2}, url = {https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-020-04183-2}, author = {Kelsey Larkin and Carol Rodr{\'\i}guez and Shabana Jamani and Georgina Fronza and Gonzalo Roca-Acevedo and Ana Sanchez and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino} } @article {95305, title = {First Determination of Pyrethroid Knockdown Resistance Alleles in Human Head Lice (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) From Chile}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {56}, year = {2019}, month = {11-2019}, pages = {1698 - 1703}, abstract = {

The infestation with the human ectoparasite, Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer), is a common public health problem affecting schoolchildren worldwide. In Chile, the main active ingredients present in the over-the-counter pediculicides contain pyrethroids. Despite the extended use of these products, there is no evidence of the insecticide resistance status of the head lice geographically located in Chile. The most extended resistant mechanism of pyrethroids consists of the target site insensitivity (Kdr) determined by the presence of mutations linked to insecticide-binding sites in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel. T917I is recognized as the main mutation in head lice, and detection is considered to be a biomarker of resistance. The goal of the present study was to detect the presence and distribution of T917I mutation in five geographic locations of Chile. All five geographically selected louse populations had a frequency of pyrethroid resistance genes that ranged from 36 to 77\%, and 94.9\% of the collected head lice had one or two T917I mutant alleles. Moreover, the frequency of the aggregate resistant alleles was 50.5\%. This is the first evidence that head lice in Chile had the mutations commonly associated with the resistance to pyrethroids. Moreover, the overrepresentation of heterozygotes in the studied populations suggests that head lice in Chile are currently under active selective pressure.

}, keywords = {head lice, kdr, Pediculosis, resistance}, issn = {0022-2585}, doi = {10.1093/jme/tjz101}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/jme/article/56/6/1698/5521013}, author = {Gonzalo Roca-Acevedo and del Solar_Kupfer, Carmen Paz and Paulina Dressel Roa and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino} } @article {95290, title = {The Sensory Machinery of the Head Louse Pediculus humanus capitis: From the Antennae to the Brain}, journal = {Frontiers in Physiology}, volume = {10}, year = {2019}, month = {04-2019}, pages = {12 pp}, abstract = {

Insect antennae are sophisticated sensory organs, usually coated with sensory structures responsible for the detection of relevant signals of different modalities coming from the environment. Despite the relevance of the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis as a human parasite, the role of its antennal sensory system in the highly dependent relation established with their hosts has been barely studied. In this work we present a functional description of the antennae of these hematophagous insects by applying different approaches, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), anterograde antennal fluorescent backfills and behavioral experiments with intact or differentially antennectomized lice. Results were analyzed together as a first approach to identify, describe and determine the modality and role of the different sensilla of the head louse antenna. SEM images allowed us to identify a total of 35 - 40 sensilla belonging to 7 different types, that according to their morphology and architecture are candidates to bear mechano-, thermo-, hygro- or chemo-receptor functions. The anterograde backfills revealed a direct neural pathway to the antennal lobes, which present 8 - 10 glomerular-like diffuse structures. In the 2-choice behavioral experiments, intact lice chose scalp odors, warm surfaces (i.e., 32 \ºC) and avoided wet substrates. Ablation of the different flagellomeres of their antenna resulted in the loss of the behavioral responses, allowing us to discuss about the location and function of the different identified sensilla. This is the first study that integrates morphological and behavioral aspects of the sensory machinery of head lice involved in host perception.

}, keywords = {antennal lobe, Behavior, Head louse, host perception, sensilla}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2019.00434}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.00434/full}, author = {Isabel Ortega-Insaurralde and Sebasti{\'a}n Minoli and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Picollo,Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s and R. B. Barrozo} } @article {95271, title = {Head lice were also affected by COVID-19: a decrease on Pediculosis infestation during lockdown in Buenos Aires}, journal = {Parasitology Research}, volume = {120}, year = {2021}, month = {01-2021}, pages = {443-450}, type = {Online article and published copy}, abstract = {

Pediculosis is a worldwide disease affecting school-aged children produced by the presence of the head louse,Pediculushumanus capitisDe Geer, an obligate ectoparasite on the human scalp feeding exclusively on blood. Transmission occursprimarily through direct physical head-to-head contact. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared theCOVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2, a variant of the coronavirus. Therefore, on March 18,2020, the Argentinean government established mandatory isolation for an indefinite period. This obligatory isolation interruptedregular classes avoiding direct contact between children, thus affecting the dispersal route of individuals and the evolution of headlouse populations. In this study, we evaluated through an online survey how confinement affected the prevalence of lice duringlockdown compared to the situation prior to confinement. The survey allowed to discriminate the different control strategies, thenumber of treatments, and the amount of insects recorded by parents. Data of 1118 children obtained from 627 surveys wereanalyzed. As the main result, it was observed that prevalence of lice decreased significantly from before (69.6\%) to during(43.9\%) COVID-19 lockdown. Moreover, head lice infestation was more effectively controlled in households with up to 2children in comparison to households with 3 or more children. This is the first study that analyzed the prevalence of head liceduring COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, this work demonstrated the impact of social distance in the population dynamics ofhead lice and how it could affect the control strategies in the future

}, keywords = {Buenos Aires, Covid-19, Head lic, Lockdown, Pediculosis}, issn = {0932-0113}, doi = {10.1007/s00436-020-07038-y}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00436-020-07038-y}, author = {F.G. Galassi and Isabel Ortega-Insaurralde and Victor Adjemian and Paola Gonz{\'a}lez-Audino and Picollo,Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino} } @article {95211, title = {Comparative efficacy of new commercial pediculicides against adults and eggs of Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice)}, journal = {Parasitology Research}, volume = {110}, year = {2012}, month = {05-2012}, pages = {1601 - 1606}, abstract = {

The use of pyrethroids to control head louse infestations have suffered considerable loss of efficacy due to the development of resistance. In the last past years, several new alternative products to synthetic pyrethroids have been developed and are sold in the Argentinean market against head lice. The present study investigated the efficacy of two new Argentinean products Nopucid Qubit\® and Nopucid Bio Citrus\® and its comparison with two reference products Nyda\® and Hedrin\®. Nopucid Qubit\® is a two-phase lotion containing geraniol and citronellol (phase 1) and ciclopentaxiloxane (phase 2); while Nopucid Bio Citrus\® contains dimethicone, ciclopentaxiloxane, and bergamot essential oil. These products are physically acting compounds. The sensitivity of two laboratory assays for testing insecticide activity of new formulations was also compared. Mortality (100\%) of motile forms occurred after they were exposed to any product for 1 and 2 min, either by in vitro or ex vivo test. Concerning ovicidal activity, the most effective pediculicides were Nopucid Bio Citrus\® and Nyda\®, followed by Hedrin\® and Nopucid Qubit\®. The present study revealed, for the first time, the efficacy of over-the-counter commercial pediculicides available in Argentine (Nopucid Bio Citrus\® and Nopucid Qubit\®) on either motile stages or eggs against head lice.

}, keywords = {head lice}, issn = {0932-0113}, doi = {10.1007/s00436-011-2668-x}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00436-011-2668-x}, author = {Anabella Gallardo and Mougabure-Cueto,Gast{\'o}n A. and Vassena,Claudia V. and Picollo,Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino} } @article {95099, title = {International recommendations for an effective control of head louse infestations}, journal = {International Journal of Dermatology}, volume = {60}, year = {2021}, month = {08-2020}, pages = {272-280}, type = {Open access, online version prior to inclusion of issue}, abstract = {

Head louse infestations continue to be a concern of public health in most countries, including the most developed ones. The present recommendations are intended to inform and stress the role and impact of the different authorities, institutions, industry, and the public in the control of head lice in order to reduce the prevalence of this parasite. We encourage health authorities to pursue more effective methods to correctly identify such infestations, and evaluate existing and new pediculicides, medical devices, louse repellents, and louse- and nit-removal remedies. Pediculicides and medical devices must have verifiable claims in the instructions for use and should be tested periodically to document current levels of resistance by lice to the active ingredients and to the formulated products. Where the prevalence of lice is claimed to be epidemic, children should be periodically evaluated objectively to document the actual level of prevalence. Continuing education for health providers and the general population promises to correct misinformation regarding the biology, prevention, and management of lice. Parents should regularly inspect their children for head lice and treat as necessary. Health authorities are encouraged to eliminate policies and practices that rely upon school exclusion as a means to reduce incidence and prevalence, e.g., the \‘no-nit\’ policy which lacks scientific justification, and are counterproductive to the health and welfare of children.

Attachment 95099.pdf -online version published 2020

The published version in Turkish, see Mumcuo{\u g}lu KY, Pollack RJ, Reed D, Barker S, Gordon S, Toloza AC, Picollo MI, Taylan \Özkan A, Chosidow O, Habedank B, Ibarra J, Meinking TL, Vander Stichele R. Ba{\c s} biti enfestasyonlar{\i}n{\i}n etkin kontrol\ü i\çin uluslararas{\i} tavsiyeler Turk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 2021; 79(4): 748\–761. doi: 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2022.78872 https://www.turkhijyen.org/jvi.aspx?pdir=turkhijyen\&plng=tur\&un=THDBD-78872\&look4= OR DOI: 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2022.78872 OR https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/node/96144

}, keywords = {head louse infestation, head louse treatment, Pediculicides}, issn = {0011-9059}, doi = {10.1111/ijd.15096}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ijd.15096}, author = {Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu and Richard J. Pollack and David L. Reed and Stephen C. Barker and Gordon,S. C. and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Picollo,Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s and Taylan-Ozkan,Aysegul and Chosidow,Olivier and Habedank,Birgit and Ibarra,Joanna and Meinking,Terri Lynn and Vander Stichele,Robert H.} } @article {94788, title = {Mitochondrial diversity in human head louse populations across the Americas}, journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology}, volume = {152}, year = {2013}, month = {July-2013}, pages = {118 - 129}, abstract = {

Anthropological studies suggest that the genetic makeup of human populations in the Americas is the result of diverse processes including the initial colonization of the continent by the first people plus post-1492 European migrations. Because of the recent nature of some of these events, understanding the geographical origin of American human diversity is challenging. However, human parasites have faster evolutionary rates and larger population sizes allowing them to maintain greater levels of genetic diversity than their hosts. Thus, we can use human parasites to provide insights into some aspects of human evolution that may be unclear from direct evidence. In this study, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from 450 head lice in the Americas. Haplotypes clustered into two well-supported haplogroups, known as A and B. Haplogroup frequencies differ significantly among North, Central and South America. Within each haplogroup, we found evidence of demographic expansions around 16,000 and 20,000 years ago, which correspond broadly with those estimated for Native Americans. The parallel timing of demographic expansions of human lice and Native Americans plus the contrasting pattern between the distribution of haplogroups A and B through the Americas suggests that human lice can provide additional evidence about the human colonization of the New World

}, keywords = {human lice, human parasites, migrations, mitochondrial dna, new world}, doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22336}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.22336}, author = {Ascunce, Marina S. and J. Fane and G. Kassu and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Picollo,Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s and Ang{\'e}lica Gonz{\'a}lez-Oliver and David L. Reed} } @article {94787, title = {Mitochondrial Diversity of Human Head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) Across the Americas}, year = {2014}, abstract = {

A poster presentation of mitochondrial diversity of human head lice across Americas.\ 

Background

\•Sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) are permanent and obligate ectoparasites of eutherian mammals. These highly specialized blood-sucking insects live in close association with their hosts where they complete their entire life cycle. This relationship has led to coevolution in which parasite diversification parallels that of the host (Figure 3 of poster).

\• The human head louse has coevolved with humans over millions of years (Figure 1, Figure 2 of poster). Therefore, louse molecular data is valuable for studying the evolutionary history of lice and their human hosts.

\•Human head lice are genetically diverse and have 3 deeply divergent mitochondrial (mtDNA) clades, named A, B, and C.

\•Clothing lice (clade A) has been known to carry three bacterial pathogens. Genotypic louse data would be valuable to determine which clades of head lice have the potential to be carriers in order to combat resistance to pediculcides.

\•Previous studies suggest that the three head louse clades have different evolutionary histories. Clade A appears to be uniquely linked to its Homo sapiens host (modern humans). Clade B, however, appears to have evolved on an archaic hominin in Europe (possibly H. neanderthalensis) and later switched to modern H. sapiens. Clade C appears to have evolved on an archaic hominin in Asia (possibly H. erectus) or Africa.

}, keywords = {Americas, head lice, mitochondrial}, url = {https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2017/03/fane_head-lice.pdf}, author = {J. Fane and Ascunce, Marina S. and G. Kassu and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Picollo,Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s and Ang{\'e}lica Gonz{\'a}lez-Oliver and David L. Reed} } @conference {94657, title = {EL SISTEMA OLFATIVO DEL PIOJO DE LA CABEZA}, booktitle = {Conference: X Argentine Conference of Entomology}, year = {2018}, month = {May 2018}, address = {Mendoza, Argentina}, abstract = {

Conference Poster

Description:

El piojo de la cabeza Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) es un insecto hemat\ófago cosmopolita que parasita exclusivamente a humanos. Debido a la alta dependencia por su hu\ésped, su comportamiento y fisiolog\ía se ven afectados durante la evaluaci\ón de alimento y refugio. Nuestro objetivo principal fue caracterizar el sistema olfativo del piojo de la cabeza. En particular, estudiamos el rol de la antena de manera morfol\ógica y comportamental en la evaluaci\ón de est\ímulos olfativos.

}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325722564_EL_SISTEMA_OLFATIVO_DEL_PIOJO_DE_LA_CABEZA}, author = {Isabel Ortega-Insaurralde and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Paola Gonz{\'a}lez-Audino and Picollo,Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s and R. B. Barrozo} } @article {94633, title = {Insights About Head Lice Transmission From Field Data and Mathematical Modeling}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {55}, year = {2018}, pages = {929 - 937}, abstract = {

Head lice infest millions of school-age children every year, both in developed and developing countries. However, little is known about the number of lice transferred among children during school activities, because direct methods to study this are almost impossible to implement. This issue has been addressed following an indirect method, which consist in collecting data of real infestation from several children groups and using a mathematical model of lice colonies to infer how the infestation observed might have evolved. By determining the events that would most likely lead to infestations as those observed, we find that severe infestations are most likely initiated by a relatively large number of lice transferred at the same moment or within relatively short time spans. In turn, analysis of the data obtained from screenings of the same groups of children a few days apart shows evidence of such transmission events. Interestingly, only children with severe infestations could harbor the lice necessary for this type of transmission.Thus, they play the same role as \‘superspreaders\’ in epidemiology. As part of our experimental study it is also shown that a simple procedure of combing can be very effective to remove all mobile lice, and thus could be used as an effective preventive measure against those severe infestations that are responsible for the spread of pediculosis.

}, keywords = {Argentina, epidemiology, mathematical model}, issn = {0022-2585}, doi = {10.1093/jme/tjy026}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/jme/article/55/4/929/4897907}, author = {Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Mar{\'\i}a Fabiana Laguna and Isabel Ortega-Insaurralde and Vassena,Claudia V. and Sebasti{\'a}n Risau-Gusman} } @article {94605, title = {Ovicidal and adulticidal effects of monoterpenoids against permethrin-resistant human head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis}, journal = {Medical and Veterinary Entomology}, volume = {22}, year = {2008}, month = {December 2008}, pages = {335 - 339}, abstract = {

The improper use of pediculicides containing permethrin has led to the development of resistance. Thus, new alternatives for control are needed. Plant-derived insecticides are attractive alternatives to common chemical insecticides because most of them are environmentally friendly and non-toxic to mammals. The toxic activity of 23 monoterpenoids belonging to several chemical classes was tested against the eggs of permethrin-resistant head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae). Significant differences in ovicidal action were observed among the tested substances. The most effective chemicals were hydrocarbons and ethers, followed by ketones, alcohols, phenols and esters. A linear relationship between egg mortality and knockdown time (KT50) on adults by the tested components revealed that most of the components were effective on both egg and adult stages. The monoterpenoids described herein are good candidates as effective

}, keywords = {adult head lice, fumigant activity, head lice eggs, Monoterpenes, toxicity.}, issn = {0269283X}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00759.x}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00759.x}, author = {Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Vassena,Claudia V. and Picollo,Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s} } @article {94588, title = {Response of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) to Volatiles of Whole and Individual Components of the Human Scalp}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {55}, year = {2018}, pages = {527 - 533}, abstract = {

The head louse Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer) (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) is a cosmopolitan human ectoparasite causing pediculosis, one of the most common arthropod parasitic conditions of humans. The mechanisms and/or chemicals involved in host environment recognition by head lice are still unknown. In this study, we evaluated the response of head lice to volatiles that emanate from the human scalp. In addition, we identified the volatile components of the odor and evaluated the attractive or repellent activity of their pure main components. The volatiles were collected by means of Solid Phase microextraction and the extract obtained was chemically analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer.Twenty-four volatile were identified in the human scalp odor, with the main compounds being the following: nonanal, sulcatone, geranylacetone, and palmitic acid. Head lice were highly attracted by the blend human scalp volatiles, as well as by the individual major components. A significant finding of our study was to demonstrate that nonanal activity depends on the mass of the compound as it is repellent at high concentrations and an attractant at low concentrations.The results of this study indicate that head lice may use chemical signals in addition to other mechanisms to remain on the host.

}, keywords = {attractant activity, human scalp volatiles, repellent activity}, issn = {0022-2585}, doi = {10.1093/jme/tjx243}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/jme/article/55/3/527/4817924}, author = {F.G. Galassi and Georgina Fronza and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Picollo,Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s and Paola Gonz{\'a}lez-Audino} } @article {94499, title = {Novel polymeric micelles for insect pest control: encapsulation of essential oil monoterpenes inside a triblock copolymer shell for head lice control}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {5}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-01-2017}, pages = {e3171}, abstract = {

Background. Essential oil components (EOCs) are molecules with interesting appli- cation in pest control, these have been evaluated against different insect pest from more than 100 years, but their practical use is rather limited. Thus, the enhancement of their bioavailability and manageability due to their dispersion in water can open new perspective for the preparation of formulations for the control of insect pest. In this work, we studied the encapsulation of different monoterpenes in a poloxamer shell in order to prepare aqueous formulations that can be used for the development of platforms used in pest control.
Methods. Micellar systems containing a 5 wt\% of poloxamer 407 and 1.25 wt\% of the different monoterpenes were prepared. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) experiments were carried out to characterize the dispersion of the EOCs in water. The pediculicidal activity of these micellar systems was tested on head lice using an ex vivo immersion test.
Results. The poloxamers allowed the dispersion of EOCs in water due to their encapsulation inside the hydrophobic core of the copolymer micelles. From this study, we concluded that it is possible to make stable micellar systems containing water (\>90 wt\%), 1.25 wt\% of different monoterpenes and a highly safe polymer (5wt\% Poloxamer 407). These formulations were effective against head lice with mortality ranging from 30 to 60\%, being the most effective emulsions those containing linalool, 1,8-cineole, \α-terpineol, thymol, eugenol, geraniol and nonyl alcohol which lead to mortalities above 50\%.
Discussion. Since these systems showed good pediculicidal activity and high physico- chemical stability, they could be a new route for the green fabrication of biocompatible and biosustainable insecticide formulations.

}, keywords = {Encapsulation, Headlice, Monoterpenes, Poloxamers, Polymer-basednanomicelles}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.3171}, url = {https://peerj.com/articles/3171}, author = {Alejandro Lucia and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Eduardo Guzm{\'a}n and Francisco Ortega and Ram{\'o}n G. Rubio} } @article {94485, title = {Ivermectin lipid-based nanocarriers as novel formulations against head lice}, journal = {Parasitology Research}, volume = {116}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-08-2017}, pages = {2111 - 2117}, abstract = {

The use of pyrethroids to control the human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Anoplura: Pediculidae), has suffered considerable loss of efficacy due to the evolution of resistance. Thus, the development of effi- ciently insecticide delivery systems is imperative for the con- trol of head lice. We studied the insecticidal activity of ivermectin-loaded lipid nanocapsules (IVM-LNC) against permethrin-resistant head lice from Argentina. The LNC, pre- pared by a phase inversion procedure, were characterized in terms of size, surface potential, and physical stability. These nanoparticles were nearly spherical with mean diameters of 55 nm and narrow size distribution (PI \≤ 0.2). The KT50 mor- tality values of head lice after exposure to two IVM-LNC formulations (0.11 and 0.28\%) were significantly smaller (5 and 3 h, respectively) compared to those exposed only to LNC control group (8 h). This investigation showed the effective- ness in the encapsulation of ivermectin (IVM) into stable LNC dispersion with a potential clinical activity against head lice.

}, keywords = {Ivermectin, Lipid nanoparticles, Nanotechnology, Pediculosis}, issn = {0932-0113}, doi = {10.1007/s00436-017-5510-2}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00436-017-5510-2}, author = {Gabriela Ullio-Gamboa and Santiago Palma and Jean Pierre Benoit and Daniel Allemandi and Picollo,Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s and Toloza,Ariel Ceferino} } @article {47425, title = {Fumigant and repellent properties of essential oils and component compounds against permethrin-resistant Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Argentina}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {43}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {889 - 895}, abstract = {

The repeated use of permethrin and other insecticides for the control of head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Anoplura: Pediculidae), during past decades has resulted in the development of marked levels of resistance. Thus, new alternative insecticides are needed for the control of head lice. We studied the fumigant and repellent properties of essential oils from 16 native and exotic plants in Argentina, and 21 chemical components against permethrin-resistant head lice from Argentina. With a direct vapor-exposure bioassay, the most effective oil was from the native Myrcianthes cisplatensis Cambess (Myrtaceae) with a time to 50\% knockdown (KT50) of 1.3 min, followed by exotic species, Eucalyptus cinerea F.V. Muell., Eucalyptus viminalis Labill., and Eucalyptus saligna Smith. withKT50 values of 12.0, 14.9, and 17.4 min, respectively. The most effective components were 1,8-cineole and anisole, with KT50 values of 11.1 and 12.7 min, respectively. Regression analysis of KT50 values and vapor pressures and water-partition coef\Þcients for the essential oil components revealed that the most effective fumigants were among the more volatile components. Repellency assays indicated that the essential oil from Mentha pulegium L. and its benzyl alcohol component were the most effective repellents, having repellency indices of 75.5 and 57.8\%, respectively. Thus, some Argentinean plants contain essential oils and components that function as fumigants or as repellents and thereby show potential for development of new control products for head lice.

}, keywords = {Argentina, Essential oils, fumigants, head lice, plants, repellents}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46542.pdf}, author = {Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Zygadlo,Julio and Mougabure-Cueto,Gast{\'o}n A. and Biurrun,Fernando and Zerba,Eduardo Nicol{\'a}s and Picollo,Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s} } @article {47080, title = {The fumigant and repellent activity of aliphatic lactones against Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae)}, journal = {Mem{\'o}rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz}, volume = {101}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {55 - 56}, abstract = {

New alternative insecticides are necessary for the chemical control of head lice. In this study the fumigantknockdown time 50\% (KT50) and repellency index (RI) of three aliphatic lactones was compared with two essentialoils and DDVP, against permethrin-resistance Pediculus humanus capitis from Argentina. In the fumigant assay,none of the lactones were effective compared to the highest activity of eucalyptus (KT50 15.53 m). In the repellencytest, the three lactones were equally or more effective (RI ranging from 60.50 to 76.68) than the positive control(piperonal). These lactones are promising as head lice repellents.

}, keywords = {aliphatic, capitis, Lactones, Pediculosis, Pediculus, resistance}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46185.pdf}, author = {Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Zygadlo,Julio and Mougabure-Cueto,Gast{\'o}n A. and Zerba,Eduardo Nicol{\'a}s and Faillaci,Silvina and Picollo,Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s} }