@article {96612, title = {Incidence of ectoparasites in indigenous fowls in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha}, journal = {Indian Journal of Poultry Science}, volume = {51}, year = {2016}, month = {Jan-01-2016}, pages = {113-115}, abstract = {

An epidemiological study was conducted for a period of one year to know the incidence of ectoparasitic infestation in indigenous fowls in and around Bhubaneswar area. The overall prevalence of ectoparasites in indigenous fowls examined was 100\%. Among the ectoparasites, the predominant infestation was by lice (81\%), followed by ticks 11\%, mites (6\%) and fleas (2\%). Five species of lice, two species of mites, two species of ticks and one species of fleas were recorded. The incidence of lice Menacanthus stramineus was highest (92.41\%) followed by Goniocotes gallinae (73\%), Lipeurus caponis (71.73\%), Menopon gallinae (68.78\%) and Goniodes gigas (39.24\%). There was report of hard tick Haemaphysalis species was 14.77\% and that of soft tick, Argas persicus was 2.95\%. The incidence of mite Cnemidocoptes mutans was 7.17\%, and Dermanyssus gallinae 3.8\%, where as the incidence of flea Echidnophaga gallinaecea was 2.10\%. Lice were detected throughout the year, mites and soft ticks were mainly prevalent during winter season where as the flea and hard ticks were prevalent in the rainy season. The presence of hard tick Haemaphysalis species in wattles and combs of the indigenous fowls appears to be the first record of this tick in Odisha and perhaps in the country also.

}, keywords = {ectoparasites, Indigenous fowl, lice, Mites fleas, ticks}, issn = {0019-5529, 0974-8180}, doi = {10.5958/0974-8180.2016.00014.3}, url = {https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:ijps\&volume=51\&issue=1\&article=022}, author = {G.C. Bal and Panda,M. R. and Bijayendranath N. Mohanty and Manaswini Dehuri} } @mastersthesis {96570, title = {Ectoparasitismo de aves em um fragmento de Mata Atl{\^a}ntica no Distrito de Cacaria (Pira{\'\i}, RJ)}, volume = {MSc}, year = {2018}, month = {19-Jul-2018}, pages = {62 pp}, school = {Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro}, type = {Programa de P{\'o}s-Gradua{\c c}{\~a}o em Biologia Animal}, address = {Serop{\'e}dica}, abstract = {

Este estudo analisa a fauna de ectoparasitos associados as aves residentes da regi\ão Sudeste do Brasil. Foram analisadas taxas de preval\ência e intensidade de infesta\ç\ão de \ácaros de penas, mal\ófagos e carrapatos. Al\ém da influ\ência de vari\áveis ecol\ógicas (reprodu\ç\ão, muda, idade e sexo) na infesta\ç\ão de mal\ófagos nas aves do presente estudo. Coletas mensais foram realizadas durante o per\íodo de junho a dezembro de 2016 e fevereiro e mar\ço de 2017. As aves foram capturadas com redes de neblina abertas do alvorecer ao crep\úsculo. Os ectoparasitos coletados foram preservados em \álcool 70\% e identificados em laborat\ório. Foram capturadas 150 aves, pertencentes a 64 esp\écies, distribu\ídas em 18 fam\ílias e em 5 ordens, em sua maioria, Passeriformes. Do total de aves amostradas 75\% estavam parasitadas por \ácaros de penas, 44\% por mal\ófagos e 14,7\% por carrapatos. Foram identificados 16 g\êneros de \ácaros de penas, 6 esp\écies e 4 em n\ível de subfam\ília. Para mal\ófagos foi identificado 1 esp\écie em n\ível espec\ífico e 12 g\êneros. Somente ninfas e larvas foram encontradas em associa\ç\ão com carrapatos. As vari\áveis ecol\ógicas analisadas no n\ível de infesta\ç\ão de mal\ófagos variaram de acordo com o per\íodo de troca de penas e idade, n\ão havendo diferen\ça significativa em rela\ç\ão ao sexo e per\íodo reprodutivo.

Keywords: Aves, \ácaro de penas, piolhos, carrapatos

English translated Title: Ectoparasitism of birds in an Atlantic Forest fragment in the District of Cacaria (Pira\í, RJ, Brazil)

This study analyzes the fauna of ectoparasites associated with resident birds of the Southeast region of Brazil. Prevalence rates and intensity of infestation of feather mites, chewing lice and ticks were analyzed. In addition to the influence of ecological variables (reproduction, molting, age and sex) in the infestation of lice in the birds of the present study. Monthly collections were conducted during the period from June to December 2016 and February and March of 2017. The birds were caught with mist nets open from dawn to dusk. The ectoparasites collected were preserved in alcohol 70\% and identified in the laboratory. A total of 150 birds, belonging to 64 species, were distributed in 18 families and in 5 orders, mostly Passeriformes. Of the total sampled birds, 75\% were parasitized by feather mites, 44\% by chewing lice and 14.7\% by ticks. Sixteen genus of feather mites, six species and four subfamily levels were identified. For chewing lice was identified 1 species in specific level and 12 genera. Only nymphs and larvae were found in association with ticks. The ecological variables analyzed in the level of infestation of chewing lice varied according to the period of change of feathers and age, not having significant difference in relation to the sex and reproductive period.

}, keywords = {birds, feather mite, lice, ticks, Tyranniphilopterus}, url = {https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/5587}, author = {Soares, Sabrina dos Santos} } @article {96527, title = {Identification of parasitic arthropods collected from domestic and wild animals in Yucatan, Mexico.}, journal = {Annals of Parasitology}, volume = {67}, year = {2021}, pages = {647-658}, abstract = {

The morphological characterization of ectoparasites from domestic and wild animals is crucial to distinguish those that may be involved in the transmission of zoonotic pathogens. The objectives of this work were to identify parasitic arthropods collected from several hosts in Yucatan State, Mexico and to determine the prevalence of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi in sylvatic specimens of Triatoma dimidiata. Morphological traits and scanning electron microscopy were used to confirm some parasitic identities. In total, 834 parasitic arthropods of various taxa were identified. Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma maculatum, Amblyomma parvum, Dermacentor variabilis, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus were identified from dogs, horses, sheep, and deer. The flea Ctenocephalides felis was identified from dogs and the human flea, Pulex irritans was found on horses and sheep. The Neotropical deer ked Lipoptena mazamae was identified from brown brocket deer Mazama pandora. The chewing lice Chelopistes meleagridis, Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, Myrsidea sp. and Lipeurus caponis were identified from poultry (Meleagris gallopavo and Gallus gallus). Other chewing lice, Tyranniphilopterus sp., Columbicola columbae, and Physconelloides eurysema were identified from wild birds Pachyramphus aglaiae, Patagioenas flavirostris and Zenaida asiatica, respectively. Trypanosoma cruzi was present in 52.5\% of sylvatic adult T. dimidiata. Several of these findings represent new records of ectoparasites for Yucatan and new distribution areas in Mexico. The implications for human and animal health are discussed.

}, keywords = {Chewing lice, fleas, Neotropical deer ked, Patagioenas flavirostris, poultry, ticks, Trypanosoma cruzi, Tyranniphilopterus sp.}, url = {https://annals-parasitology.eu/archive_2001_2022/2021-67-4_647.pdf}, author = {Julian E. Garcia-Rejon and Julio Tzuc-Dzul and Rosa Cetina-Trejo and Miguel I. Madera-Navarrete and Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo and Jose I. Chan-Perez and Antonio Ortega-Pacheco and Oswaldo M. Torres-Chable and Jose E. Pietri and Carlos M. Baak-Baak} } @article {96322, title = {Contribution to the knowledge of ectoparasites of swallows in a semi arid region of Algeria}, journal = {Journal of Entomological Research}, volume = {46}, year = {2022}, month = {Jan-01-2022}, pages = {428-433}, abstract = {

An inventory of ectoparasites was carried out on 120 young House martin living (Delichon urbica) in 18 nests in Tebessa province (South-Eastern Algeria). A total of 104 samples were collected and identified, nine species of ectoparsites, belonging to two classes: Arachnida and Insecta with relative abundance of 21.14\% and 78.86\% respectively. The identified species are: Ixodes lividus, Ixodes frontalis, Ceratophyllus gallinae, Ceratophyllus hirundinis, Callopsylla sp., Ceratophyllus sp., Xenopsylla sp., Stenepteryx hirundinis and Menacanthus sp. The predominant species of total ectoparasites was Ixodes lividus in abundance 17.30\% followed by eratophyllus hirundinis and Xenopsylla sp. with 15.38\%, and other species whose abundance varies between 14.42\% and 3.84\%. The distribution of ectoparasite groups on the young body of Delichonurbica is irregular, the lice have a wide distribution, they are found on the belly feathers (61.16\%). However, ticks are mainly localized on the wings (100\%) and fleas are mainly found on the ears (54.84\%) and nasal cavities (42.92\%)

}, keywords = {Delichon urbica, fleas, Insecta, lice, tebessa, ticks}, issn = {0378-9519, 0974-4576}, doi = {10.5958/0974-4576.2022.00076.7}, url = {https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:jer\&volume=46\&issue=2\&article=036}, author = {Fenghour Hind and Bouabida Hayette and Dris Djemaa and Houhamdi Moussa} } @article {95957, title = {Ectoparasites Associated with Desert Raven Corvus ruficollis, Lesson, 1831 at the Eastern Desert, Red Sea, Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences A. Entomology}, volume = {15}, year = {2022}, month = {Oct-18-2022}, pages = {13-21}, abstract = {

Egypt is characterized by many deserts associated with cities. The desert raven is considered an ancient one of the most abundant birds in the Egyptian desert and is susceptible to a wide range of ectoparasites. therefore, the present study was to identify the ectoparasites that infect brown-necked raven Corvus ruficollis in Wadi Dara, Eastern Desert, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt. During the two years from 2020 to 2022, several parasites were collected from a brown-necked raven. Sixteen live brown-necked ravens and nine nests in the Red Sea governorate were investigated. The collected ectoparasites were thirteen lice species belonging to two suborders, four dipteran species belonging to two families, ten mite species belonging to two families, also nine tick species belonging to two families. Generally, ectoparasites are considered the primary cause of many dangerous effects for many domestic and migratory bird species, the presence of the brown-necked ravens in the bird migration route in the eastern desert increases the chance of ectoparasites transmission between different species in the same area.

}, keywords = {Desert raven, Eastern Desert, ectoparasites, Gonoides oustralis, lice, mites, ticks}, issn = {2090-0813}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsa.2022.265488}, url = {https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_265488.html}, author = {Saber A. Riad} } @article {95711, title = {Ectoparasites Associated with Migratory Birds, Eastern Desert, Red Sea, Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences (B. Zoology)}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {Jul-18-2022}, pages = {19-33}, abstract = {

Chewing lice, ticks, mites, and other ectoparasites can infect migratory birds and transmit to resident birds. Ectoparasites cause allergic reactions, irritation, anorexia, decrease in economic income, and may transmit some pathogens between birds. Our current study examined and detected ectoparasites on migratory birds in the Eastern Desert and Gabel El Zeit area, Red Sea, Egypt. During this study, we examined eighty-two migratory birds to detect ectoparasites between March 2019 and May 2022. In this period, we collect 82 newly dead migratory birds belonging to 7 orders; 36 birds of Ciconiiformes, 35 birds of Accipitriformes, four birds of Coraciiformes, two birds of Falconiformes, two birds of Pterocliformes, two birds of Suliformes, and one bird of Columbiformes were examined for ectoparasites. The collected ectoparasites from the migratory birds were preserved freezing or in 70\% ethanol until identified as species in the laboratory examination. A total of twenty-six ectoparasite species were collected, belonging to 16 lice, four ticks, four flies, and two mites on migratory birds. Concluded that more studies should be conducted aimed at studying ectoparasites on all species of soaring birds migrating through Egypt.

}, keywords = {Chewing lice, ectoparasite, Migratory birds, mites, ticks}, issn = {2090-0821}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsz.2022.249312}, url = {https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_249312.html}, author = {Saber A. Riad} } @article {95552, title = {Screening of ectoparasites from domesticated dogs for bacterial pathogens in Vientiane, Lao PDR}, journal = {Zoonoses and Public Health}, volume = {67}, year = {2020}, month = {Jul-10-2020}, pages = {862-868}, type = {Open Access, short communication}, abstract = {

Arthropod-borne diseases are widespread worldwide and are a complex interaction between animals, humans and ectoparasites. The understanding of the diversity and epidemiology of organisms transmitted by arthropod vectors, and the role of hosts and vectors in transmission of infections remain limited in Lao PDR. What knowledge does exist is primarily focused on more rural regions of the country. This study screened ectoparasites from domestic dogs in Vientiane city for the presence of bacterial pathogens of zoonotic importance. A total of 3,511 arthropod vectors were collected from 112 dogs. Vectors collected were Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, Ctenocephalides felis felis and Ctenocephalides felis orientis fleas and Heterodoxus spiniger lice. A sub-sample of vectors from each dog was analysed by PCR to identify the potential bacteria. From 129 vector pools, Rickettsia spp. was detected in 6.7\% (7/105) pools of ticks, 86.4\% (19/22) pools of fleas and both pools of lice. Sequencing analysis confirmed Rickettsia felis in 13 flea pools and one louse pool and Rickettsia asembonensis in six flea pools. Anaplasmataceae was identified in 14.3\% (15/105) tick pools and 100\% (22/22) flea pools. Sequencing revealed the presence of Anaplasma platys in ticks and Wolbachia pipientis in fleas. Leptospira spp. was detected in one tick and one louse pool, and Brucella spp. was detected in 12.4\% (13/105) tick pools. All samples were negative for Bartonella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Borrelia burgdorferi. This is the first study providing evidence of R. asembonensis in fleas in Laos. Results from this study show arthropods are potential vectors to transmit zoonotic infection in Vientiane city, suggesting humans are at risk of zoonotic infections in the city.

}, keywords = {arthropod, domesticated animals, flea, Laos, lice, ticks}, issn = {1863-1959, 1863-2378}, doi = {10.1111/zph.12753}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zph.12753}, author = {Hung-Manh Nguyen and Watthana Theppannga and Khamsing Vongphayloth and Bounlom Douangngeun and Stuart D. Blacksell and Matthew T. Robinson} } @article {95418, title = {Prevalence and diversity of ectoparasites in Wild Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in Punjab region, Pakistan}, journal = {Brazilian Journal of Biology}, volume = {83}, year = {2021}, month = {02-2021}, pages = {8 pp}, type = {e-2023 Open Access}, abstract = {

Abstract The current study was carried out to estimate the prevalence and diversity of ectoparasites in rock pigeons in different regions of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 120 birds were captured from March 2017 to February 2019. The ectoparasites were collected by standard procedures and preserved in 70\% ethanol containing one drop of glycerin. Data related to age, health status, sex, type of area, sampling location and season were collected using a standardized form. Ectoparasites were identified based on morphological characteristics by using identification keys. Ninety-six (80\%) birds were infested with ectoparasites. A total of seven families and thirteen species of different ectoparasites were observed. Mainly, seven species of lice, two species of flies, one species of tick and three species of mites were recovered from infested birds. The female pigeons were more often infested (89.02\%) than male pigeons (60.52\%). The prevalence was found higher during summer (100\%) as compared to other seasons. The infestation rate was higher in Industrial area (97.50\%) as compared to other regions. The highest prevalence of ectoparasites (100\%) was recorded from Sargodha district. There was significant (P \< 0.05) variation among number of ectoparasites on wing, chest, tail and neck within age groups, seasons and ecological zones. The occurrence of parasites in relation to area, age, health status, sex and season were significant. The infestation rate of parasites in rock pigeon is high in different districts of Punjab. It is recommended that these wild birds infested with multiple species of ectoparasites could be the potential source of infestations in domesticated birds if they come in contact with them. The contact of domesticated birds should be prevented from wild birds to minimize the chance of cross species transmission of ectoparasites.

Portuguese title: Preval\ência e diversidade de ectoparasitas em Wild Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) na regi\ão de Punjab, Paquist\ão

Resumo
O presente estudo foi realizado para estimar a preval\ência e diversidade de ectoparasitas em pombos-das-rochas em diferentes regi\ões de Punjab, Paquist\ão. Um total de 120 aves foram capturadas de mar\ço de 2017 a fevereiro de 2019. Os ectoparasitas foram coletados por procedimentos padr\ão e preservados em etanol 70\% contendo uma gota de glicerina. Os dados relativos \à idade, estado de sa\úde, sexo, tipo de \área, local de amostragem e \época do ano foram coletados em formul\ário padronizado. Os ectoparasitas foram identificados com base nas caracter\ísticas morfol\ógicas por meio de chaves de identifica\ç\ão. Noventa e seis (80\%) aves estavam infestadas com ectoparasitas. Um total de sete fam\ílias e treze esp\écies de diferentes ectoparasitas foram observados. Principalmente, sete esp\écies de piolhos, duas esp\écies de moscas, uma esp\écie de carrapato e tr\ês esp\écies de \ácaros foram recuperadas de aves
infestadas. Os pombos f\êmeas foram infestados mais frequentemente (89,02\%) do que os pombos machos (60,52\%). A preval\ência encontrada foi maior no ver\ão (100\%) em compara\ç\ão com as outras esta\ç\ões. A taxa de infesta\ç\ão foi maior na \área Industrial (97,50\%) em rela\ç\ão \às demais regi\ões. A maior preval\ência de ectoparasitas (100\%) foi registrada no distrito de Sargodha. Houve varia\ç\ão significativa (P \<0,05) entre o n\úmero de ectoparasitas na asa,
t\órax, cauda e pesco\ço dentro das faixas et\árias, esta\ç\ões do ano e zonas ecol\ógicas. A ocorr\ência de parasitas em rela\ç\ão \à \área, idade, estado de sa\úde, sexo e esta\ç\ão do ano foi significativa. A taxa de infesta\ç\ão de parasitas em pombo-correio \é alta em diferentes distritos de Punjab. Recomenda-se que essas aves selvagens infestadas com v\árias esp\écies de ectoparasitas possam ser a fonte potencial de infesta\ç\ões em aves domesticadas se entrarem em
contato com elas. O contato de aves domesticadas deve ser evitado com aves selvagens para minimizar a chance de transmiss\ão cruzada de ectoparasitas.

Palavras-chave: piolhos, moscas, carrapatos, \ácaros, pombo-da-rocha, preval\ência, zonas ecol\ógicas.

}, keywords = {ecological zones, flies, lice, mites, Prevalence, Rock Pigeon, ticks}, issn = {1678-4375, 1519-6984}, doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.246887}, url = {https://www.scielo.br/j/bjb/a/G6X37zVQzMYxtnkKZ9ZFJSJ/?lang=en}, author = {M. Tayyub and Shahzad Ali and Arshad Javid and M. Imran} } @article {95409, title = {New data concerning ectoparasites infesting two species of doves, the migratory turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) and the exotic sedentary eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) in south-eastern oases of Algeria (Biskra)}, journal = {Bulletin de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Zoologique de France}, volume = {146}, year = {2021}, month = {May 2021}, pages = {57-67}, abstract = {

Abstract: This study was carried out in South-eastern Algerian Oases for two years (2017 and 2018) on 300 doves consisting of two species, Streptopelia turtur arenicola L. and Streptopelia decaocto (Frivaldszky, 1838). A total of 854 ectoparasite specimens were identified. On Streptopelia decaocto, five lice species recorded for the first time in Biskra (Algeria) were detected and the population was dominated by Columbicola bacillus (82.67\% \± 3.92) followed by Coloceras piageti (22\% \± 3.35), Hohorsteilla spp (9.33\% \± 2.93), Hohorstiella modesta (8\% \± 2.66), and Bonomiella concii (3.33\% \± 3.12). Other orders such us Diptera (flies) were represented by Pseudolynchia canariensis (4.67\% \± 1.72), Ixodida (ticks) by Argas spp (20.09\% \± 1.91) and Mesostigmata (mites) by two species Dermanyssus spp (5.35\% \± 1.59) and Ornithonyssus bacoti (1.94 \± 1.28). On S. turtur, two lice species were recorded Columbicola bacillus (85.47\% \± 2.76) and Coloceras britannicum (28.67\% \± 4.07). Ticks and mites were represented, respectively, by Argas spp (13.66\% \± 2.85) and Dermanyssus spp (2 \% \± 1.18). Higher prevalence of a single infestation was observed on S. decaocto (50\%), compared with double (36.66\%), triple (9.33\%) and quadruple (1.33\%) infestations. However, the difference between single and mixed infestations on males and females was statistically significant (p \< 0.05). On the other hand, S. turtur had higher prevalence of single infestations (68.67\%), compared with double (26.67\%) and triple\  infestations (4.67\%), the difference in the prevalence of single and mixed infestation was not statistically significant (p \> 0.05). The young chicks of the two dove species were not infested.

R\ésum\é Cette \étude a \ét\é r\éalis\ée dans les oasis du Sud-Est Alg\érien de la wilaya de Biskra durant la p\ériode 2017-2018. Sur 300 individus de tourterelles constitu\ées de deux esp\èces Streptopelia turtur arenicola L. et Streptopelia decaocto (Frivaldszky, 1838), un total de 854 sp\écimens d\’ectoparasites a \ét\é trouv\é. Concernant Streptopelia decaocto, cinq esp\èces de poux ont \ét\é pr\élev\ées et identifi\ées pour la premi\ère fois. Ces poux \étaient domin\és par Columbicola bacillus avec (82,67 \% \± 3,9 2) suivi par Coloceraspiageti (22 \% \± 3,35), Hohor stiella spp (9,33 \% \± 2,93), Hohorstiella modesta (8 \% \± 2,66) et Bonomiellaconcii (3,33 \% \± 3,12). Cependant, l\’ordre des Diptera (mouches) est repr\ésent\é par Pseudolynchiacanariensis avec (4,67 \% \± 1,72), celui des Ixodida (tiques) par Argas spp avec (20,09 \% \± 1,91) et celui des Mesostigmata (acariens) par deux esp\èces Dermanyssus spp avec (5,35 \% \± 1,59) et Ornithonyssus bacoti avec (1,94 \% \± 1,28). Concernant S. turtur, deux esp\èces de poux ont \ét\é enregistr\ées Columbicola bacillus avec (85,47 \% \± 2,76) et Coloceras britannicum avec (28,67 \% \± 4,07). Les tiques et les acariens \étaient repr\ésent\és respectivement par Argas spp (13,66 \% \± 2,85) et Dermanyssus spp (2 \% \± 1,18). La pr\évalence la plus \élev\ée d\&$\#$39;infestation unique a \ét\é observ\ée sur S. decaocto (50 \%), par rapport aux infestations doubles (36,66 \%), triples (9,33 \%) et quadruples (1,33 \%). Cependant, la diff\érence d\’infestation unique et mixte entre les m\âles et les femelles \était statistiquement significative (p \<0, 05), alors que pour S. turtur, la pr\évalence d\&$\#$39;infestations uniques \était plus \élev\ée avec (68,67 \%), par rapport aux doubles (26,67 \%) et triples infestations (4,67 \%), sachant que la comparaison de cette pr\évalence d\&$\#$39;infestation unique et mixte entre les deux sexes est statistiquement non significative (p \> 0,05). Les jeunes poussins des deux esp\èces de tourterelles \étaient indemnes des attaques des ectoparasites.

Mots-cl\és Tourterelles, Ectoparasites, Poux, Tiques, Acariens, Mouches, Oasis alg\ériennes.

}, keywords = {Algerian Oases, doves, ectoparasites, flies, lices, mites, New records, ticks}, issn = {0037-962X}, url = {http://societe-zoologique.fr/}, author = {Kanza Absi and Bilal Dik and Kamilia Farhi and Mohamed Belhamra} } @article {95258, title = {Ectoparasites infesting dogs and cats in Bishoftu, central Oromia, Ethiopia}, journal = {Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports}, volume = {15}, year = {2019}, month = {01-2019}, pages = {6 pp}, abstract = {

A total of 200 dogs and 137 cats were examined for the presence of fleas, ticks and lice in Bishoftu, central Oromia, Ethiopia from September 2009 through April 2010. At least one ectoparasite species was found on 97\% (194/200) of the dogs and 90.5\% (124/137) of the cats. On dogs, fleas (Ctenocephalides felis (95\%), Pulex irritans (20.5\%), Echidnophaga gallinacea (9\%) and Xenopsylla cheopis (0.5\%)), ticks (Haemaphysalis leachi (17.5\%), Amblyomma variegatum (8.5\%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (8\%), Rhipicephalus pulchellus (5.5\%) and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (2.5\%)) and lice (Heterodoxus spiniger (5\%), Linognathus setosus (1.5\%) and Trichodectes canis (0.5\%)) were identified. On cats, fleas (C. felis (61.7\%), E. gallinacea (24.1\%), P. irritans (1.5\%) and X. cheopis (0.7\%)) and ticks (Ha. leachi (10.9\%), Am. variegatum (1.5\%) and Rh. sanguineus (0.7\%)) were identified. C. felis was identified as the predominant ectoparasite on both dogs and cats. The overall frequency and count of ectoparasites was higher on dogs than on cats. Significantly higher overall frequency of fleas on young versus adult cats (p = .01) was recorded. However, ticks were significantly higher on adult cats than on young cats (p = .01). In conclusion, this study demonstrated great species diversity and high frequency of ectoparasites on dogs and cats in the study area. Further studies are required to investigate the role of these ectoparasites in transmission of zoonotic pathogens to humans and animals in Ethiopia.

}, keywords = {arthropods, companion animals, East Africa, fleas, lice, ticks}, issn = {24059390}, doi = {10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100263}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405939018300480}, author = {Bersissa Kumsa and Yonas Abiy and Fufa Abunna} } @article {95083, title = {Ectoparasite infestation of free scavenging chickens reared under traditional backyard production system in Wolayita Zone, southern Ethiopia}, journal = {Ethiopian Veterinary Journal}, volume = {19}, year = {2015}, month = {03-2015}, pages = {55-66}, abstract = {

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and types of ectoparasite faunas and the associated host-related risk factors in free scavenging chickens in Wolayita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Physical examination that involves hand picking and skin scrapping and laboratory investigation was employed in a total 450 chickens (198 male and 252 female).The present study revealed an overall prevalence of 40\% (180/450). Three genera and seven species of ectoparasites were identified. Of the three genera, mites were the dominant ones (24.9\%) followed by lice (13.8\%) and ticks (1.3\%).Among the seven species of ectoparasites, Cnemidocoptes mutans (61.1 \%) was the most prevalent species followed by Cuclotogaster heterographus (8.9\%) and Menopon gallinae(8.9\%); Goniocotes gallinae(8.3\%) and Menacanthus stramineus(8.3\%), while Argaspersicus 3.3\%(6/180) was the least identified. There was no significant difference (p\>0.05) in prevalence of ectoparasites with regard to sex, age and breeds of chickens except for Cnemidocoptes mutans which was more significantly (p\<0.05) prevalent in adults than growers and chicks, in local than exotic breeds, and in female than male chickens. This study revealed diverse fauna of ectoparasite in backyard chickens in the study area; hence integrated control strategies should be put in place to boost chicken productivity.

}, keywords = {lice, mites, Prevalence, ticks, Wolayita-zone}, issn = {1683-6324}, doi = {10.4314/evj.v19i2.2}, url = {http://www.ajol.info/index.php/evj/article/view/126630}, author = {Tesfaheywet Zeryehun and Yonas Yohannes} } @article {95053, title = {Ectoparasites of Domestic Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in Al-Diwaniya City/Iraq}, journal = {International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences}, volume = {4}, year = {2015}, pages = {666-677}, abstract = {

The present study was conducted during the period from 1/9/2014 - 1/5/2015; 50 birds of domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) was collected from different areas of Al-Diwaniya city, in order to isolate and diagnose ectoparasites on turkeys as well as study infection percentage by these parasites with the intensity and the most important pathological changes caused by the infection The results showed presence of four species of biting lice (Gonoiocotes gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Menacanthus straminus and Oxylipeurus sp.) by infection and intensity of 10\% and 6.81, 0.4\% and 4.72, 2\% and 0.54, 2\% and 0.09, respectively, and two species of ticks (Arguspersicus and Haemophysalis sp. Nymph) by injury and intensity of 2\% and 0.54, 0.2\% and 0.24, respectively. The results also showed that the infection distribution in external parasites of turkey by sex were higher in males than females because the infection percentage was reached32 and 12\% respectively, as well as incidence a many of pathological and gross changes of infected birds lice such as lethargy, laziness, wings sagging, nervous tension, break feathers and loosed in addition to skin color changed, appearance of scratches and bleeding

}, keywords = {biting lice, domestic, ticks, Turkey}, issn = {2319-7706}, url = {https://www.ijcmas.com/vol-4-10/Hadi\%20M.\%20Hamza\%20Al-Mayali\%20and\%20Hind\%20A.\%20Abdul\%20Kadhim.pdf}, author = {Hadi M. Hamza Al-Mayali and Hind Alshabiny Abdul Kadhim} } @article {94888, title = {Ectoparasites of Domestic Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in Al-Diwaniya City/Iraq}, journal = {International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences}, volume = {4}, year = {2015}, month = {10-2015}, pages = {669 - 677}, abstract = {

The present study was conducted during the period from 1/9/2014 - 1/5/2015; 50 birds of domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) was collected from different areas of Al-Diwaniya city, in order to isolate and diagnose ectoparasites on turkeys as well as study infection percentage by these parasites with the intensity and the most important pathological changes caused by the infection The results showed presence of four species of biting lice (Gonoiocotes gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Menacanthus straminus and Oxylipeurus sp.) by infection and intensity of 10\% and 6.81, 0.4\% and 4.72, 2\% and 0.54, 2\% and 0.09, respectively, and two species of ticks (Arguspersicus and Haemophysalis sp. Nymph) by injury and intensity of 2\% and 0.54, 0.2\% and 0.24, respectively. The results also showed that the infection distribution in external parasites of turkey by sex were higher in males than females because the infection percentage was reached32 and 12\% respectively, as well as incidence a many of pathological and gross changes of infected birds lice such as lethargy, laziness, wings sagging, nervous tension, break feathers and loosed in addition to skin color changed, appearance of scratches and bleeding

}, keywords = {biting lice, Domestic turkey, ticks}, url = {https://www.ijcmas.com/vol-4-10/Hadi\%20M.\%20Hamza\%20Al-Mayali\%20and\%20Hind\%20A.\%20Abdul\%20Kadhim.pdf}, author = {Hadi Madlool Al-Mayali and Hind Alshabiny Abdul_Kadhim} } @mastersthesis {94883, title = {Ecologia comparativa de ectoparasitos em aves silvestres (Palmas, TO)}, volume = {Master}, year = {2009}, month = {Oct 2009}, pages = {100}, school = {Programa de P{\'o}s-Gradua{\c c}{\~a}o em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais. Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolu{\c c}{\~a}o e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Ci{\^e}ncias Exatas e Biol{\'o}gicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.}, type = {Mestrado em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais}, address = {Ouro Preto}, abstract = {

Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a fauna de ectoparasitos associada \às aves silvestres no munic\ípio de Palmas, estado do Tocantins, Brasil. A \área de estudo compreende tr\ês Unidades de Conserva\ç\ão. As aves foram capturadas com redes de neblina em Matas de Galeria, inseridas no Bioma Cerrado, entre junho de 2008 e mar\ço de 2009. Todas as aves capturadas (exceto beija-flores) foram examinadas quanto \à presen\ça de carrapatos, trombicul\ídeos, mal\ófagos e \ácaros de pena. Os ectoparasitas foram coletados, preservados em \álcool 70\% e identificados por pesquisadores do Laborat\ório de Ectoparasitos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. A preval\ência e intensidade media de infesta\ç\ão dos ectoparasitas foram examinadas e relacionadas com o grupo taxon\ômico do hospedeiro, caracter\ísticas ecol\ógicas do hospedeiro e variaveis ambientais. Foram amostradas 204 aves pertencentes a 57 esp\écies, sendo 45 Passeriformes e 12 n\ão-Passeriformes. Do total de aves amostradas 38,3\% se encontrava parasitada por mal\ófagos, 73,0\% por \ácaros de pena, 16,7\% por trombicul\ídeos e 5,4\% por carrapatos. Entre os mal\ófagos foram encontrados 17 g\êneros e 15 esp\écies foram identificadas. Os \ácaros de pena foram representados por 16 g\êneros, sendo 10 esp\écies identificadas. Somente ninfas e larvas de carrapatos e trombicul\ídeos foram encontradas. Foi verificada uma complexa din\âmica populacional dos ectoparasitos, que esteve associada com: sazonalidade, per\íodo de atividade biol\ógica do hospedeiro (per\íodo reprodutivo, muda de penas ou descanso reprodutivo), participa\ç\ão das aves em bandos mistos de forrageamento, guildas, tipo de ninho e grupo taxon\ômico das aves.

Keywords: Ave - Tocantins,\ \Ácaro da ave,\ Mal\ófagos,\ Carrapatos, Ecologia

English Abstract:

The aim of this work was to investigate the ectoparasites associated with birds in Palmas, state of Tocantins, Brazil. The study was conducted at three Preservation Areas. Birds were captured with mist nets in gallery forest (Brazilian Savana like Cerrado) between June 2008 and March 2009. All captured birds (except hummingbirds) had their ticks, chigger mites, feather louse and feather mites surveyed. Ectoparasites were collected, preserved in alcohol 70\%, and identified by researchers from the Laboratory of Ectoparasites, Federal University of Minas Gerais. The prevalence and mean infestation intensity of ectoparasites were examined and related host taxonomy, host ecological characteristics and environmental variables. We sampled 204 birds belonging to 57 species. Of them 45 were Passerines and 12 non-Passerines. Of the total birds sampled, 38,3\% was parasited with feather lice, 73,0\% with feather mites, 16,7\% with chigger mites and 5,4\% with ticks. We found 15 feather lice species, and others belonging to 17 genera. In the feather mites group we found 10 species and more 16 genus. Only immature stages of chigger mites and ticks were found. Ectoparasites show complex population dynamics that are associated with seasonality, reproductive and molt period, participation of host in mixed flocks, guilds, type of nest and taxonomic groups of birds.

}, keywords = {birds, chigger motes, Clayella prionitis, feather louse, feather mites, Myrsidea lightae, Myrsidea ramphoceli, Myrsidea taciturni, Picicola galbulica, ticks, Tocantins}, url = {http://www.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/2858}, author = {Alexandre Magno Junq Enout}, editor = {Antonini, Yasmine} } @article {94859, title = {A Preliminary Survey of Ectoparasites and Their Predilection Sites on Some Livestock Sold in Wadata Market, Makurdi, Nigeria}, volume = {1}, year = {2017}, pages = {11-15}, abstract = {

An investigation of ectoparasites of some livestock sold in Wadata Market, Makurdi, Nigeria was conducted between August and October, 2014. Sixty (60) cattle, sheep, goat and poultry were examined. Visual screening, handpicking, use of forceps and brushing methods were employed and specific points were the ectoparasites were removed were noted. A total of 1,832 ectoparasites were recovered from the 240 livestock. Ticks had the highest prevalence of 1576(86\%) followed by lice 134(7.3\%) and fleas 122(6.7\%). Mixed infestation was observed in all the livestock species examined. With respect to the sex the prevalence rate was not significantly different (P\>0.05). The ectoparasites preferred the abdomen in cattle, sheep and goat while in poultry they preferred the wings. Further research to assess the impact of these parasites on the health and production performance of the free-range domestic animals are strongly recommended.

}, keywords = {Bovicola vovis, ectoparasites, flea, Goniocotes gigas, Infestation, lice, Livestock, Makurdi, Prevalence, ticks}, url = {http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo?journalid=547\&paperId=10023322}, author = {Isegbe Emmanuel Onah and Aaron Anyebe Akor and Edward Agbo Omudu and Philomena Odeh Uweh and Love Opoggen and Marvin Agogo Idoko} } @article {94720, title = {Prevalence of ectoparasite infestations in owned dogs in Kwara State, Nigeria}, journal = {Parasite Epidemiology and Control}, volume = {4}, year = {2019}, month = {02-2019}, pages = {e00079}, type = {Open access}, abstract = {

In Nigeria, dogs are the common companions in many households and, harbor wide range of ectoparasites of severe zoonotic potentials. A cross sectional survey was conducted to examine the prevalence, intensity and risk factors of ectoparasite infestation among the owned dogs in Kwara state, Nigeria. A total of 333 dogs were screened for ectoparasites, and questionnaires were applied to obtain information regarding; age, sex, breeds, coat colour and management practices by dog owners. Two hundred and seventy one (81.4\%) dogs were infested with at least one species of ectoparasite and multiple infestations recorded mostly among the female dogs. Six species of ectoparasites of three taxa were identified: ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, Haemaphysalis leachii and Amblyomma variegatum), fleas (Ctenocephalides canis and C. felis) and louse (Heterodoxus spiniger). R. sanguineus s.l. was the most prevalent (70.3\%) followed by C. felis (42.1\%) and H. spiniger (30.0\%). Intensities of C. felis, H. spiniger and R. sanguineus s.l infestations were significantly higher in female and younger dogs (p b 0.001). Ectoparasites occurrence varied with breed and coat colour of host. A high preva- lence of ectoparasite infestation recorded is at variance with the knowledge of dogs\&$\#$39; owners in this study area. Therefore, intervention based on provision of veterinary clinics and prevention and management of parasite infestation in endemic area would mitigate the possible health hazard associated with the ectoparasitic infestation of dogs.

}, keywords = {dog, epidemiology, fleas, lice, Nigeria, ticks}, issn = {24056731}, doi = {10.1016/j.parepi.2018.e00079}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405673118300114}, author = {Babamale O. Abdulkareem and Asaba L. Christy and Ugbomoiko,U. S.} } @article {47807, title = {Places of localization of the ectoparasites on Gallus gallus Linnaeus, 1758}, journal = {Revista Brasileira de Zooci{\^e}ncias}, volume = {5}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {129 - 135}, abstract = {

The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of ectoparasites on Gallus gallus L., 1758, in freerange chickens from June to October 2001, biweekly collections were accomplished on 25 adult fowls at the farm Boa Vista, district of Santa B\árbara of Tug\úrio, state of Minas Gerais. The species identified once their most common sites of distribution were: Ornithonyssus bursa on the legs (59,22\%); Menopon gallinae on the breast (52,07\%) and thighs (19,92\%); Goniocotes gallinae on the breast (60,72\%) and thighs (18,26\%); Goniodes gigas on the breast (76,29\%) and back (21,02\%); Lipeurus caponis exclusively on the feathers of the neck, wing and tail, and nymphs of Amblyomma cajennense on the crest and around the eyes (98,03\%).

Paper in Portuguese

Title:S\ítios de localiza\ç\ão de ectoparasitos em Gallus gallus Linnaeus, 1758

}, keywords = {Acari, Chewing lice, Goniodidae, ixodidae, Lipeuridae, Menoponidae, ticks}, url = {https://periodicos.ufjf.br/index.php/zoociencias/article/view/24234}, author = {Santos-Prezoto,Helba Helena and Silva,Marcus Oliveira and Daemon,Erik and Prezoto,F{\'a}bio} } @article {46644, title = {Ectoparasites of sharp-tailed grouse, Pediocetes phasianellus}, journal = {Journal of wildlife diseases}, volume = {17}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {229 - 235}, abstract = {Seven species of ectoparasites were recovered during a survey of sharp-tailed grouse, Pediocetes phasianellus, including the ticks, Haemaphysalis chordeilis and H. leporispalustris; the lice, Goniodes nebraskensis, Lagopoecus gibsoni and Amyrsidea sp.; the hippoboscid fly, Ornithomyia anchineuria; and the mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum. Seasonal changes in populations of ticks and lice were found but not for populations of the hippoboscids or mites. All stages of H. Chordeilis were found on sharp-tailed grouse only. Larvae and nymphs of H. leporispalustris were found on sharp-tailed grouse and song birds. Larvae, nymphs and adults of H. leporispalustris were recovered from a snowshoe hare. Small mammals from the study area did not harbour any species of ticks.}, keywords = {animals, arthropods, bird diseases, Bird parasites, canada, ectoparasite, lice, mites, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Seasons, Sex Factors, Species Specificity, ticks}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45579.pdf}, author = {Dick,T. A.} } @article {41705, title = {Lice and ticks parsitizing Audouin{\textquoteright}s Gull Larus audounii Payraudeau, 1826 (Aves, Laridae) in the Chafarinas Islands (W. Mediterranean)}, journal = {Miscell{\`a}nia Zool{\`o}gica}, volume = {23}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {93 - 102}, abstract = {

Data on lice and ticks parasitizing gulls are scarce. Here data on 58 adult and 10 young Audouin\’s gulls from the Chafarinas lslands are provided. Three species of chewing lice Austromenopon transversum (prevalence / mean intensity: 20\%-2), Koeniginirmus punctatus (100\%-15.5). and Saemundssonia lari (10\%-3.2) and one tick Ornithodoros maritimus (100\%-18) were found. A. transversum, S. lari, and O.. maritimus are recorded for the first time for L. audouinii.

}, keywords = {Chewing lice, Koeniginirmus punctatus, Larus audonii, ticks}, url = {https://other.museucienciesjournals.cat/en/other/mz/mz-volum-23-2-2000/lice-and-ticks-parasitizing-audouins-gull-larus-audouinii-payraudeau-1826-aves-laridae-in-the-chafarinas-lslands-w-mediterranean}, author = {Lafuente,M. and Roca,V. and Mar{\'\i}a Paz Mart{\'\i}n-Mateo and Carbonell,E. and Estrada,A.} } @article {40255, title = {Ectoparasites of bee-eater (Merops apiaster) and arthropods in its nests}, journal = {Biol{\'o}gia}, volume = {51}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {557 - 570}, abstract = {

We studied the abundance of ectoparasites of young and adult bee-eaters and the arthropod fauna in their nests. The feather lice Meropoecus meropis and Meromenopon meropis were found on both adult and young bee-eaters while chicks were additionally parasitized by the fly Carnus hemapterus. The distribution of these parasites was characterized by a descending logarithmic curve. The nest fauna consisted mostly of parasitic mites and predaceous beetles. Mites were represented by a large number of Androlaelaps casalis, a facultative ectoparasite of birds. On the contrary, the blood-sucking mites Dermanyssus hirundinis, D. gallinae and Ornithonyssus sylviarum were little numerous and the occurrence of other mites was only occasional. Beetles were represented by a large number of the nidicolous staphylinide Haploglossa nidicola which was accompanied by a low number of the nidicolous histeride Gnathoncus buyssoni. Occurrence of H. nidicola and A. casalis was moderately positively correlated. Large numbers of Dermestes spp. larvae occurred in the nests, too. Other beetle species occurred occasionally in the nest holes. Ticks and fleas occurred sporadically and were probably introduced by adult birds. They did not develop there. On the contrary, some flies, whose larvae had suitable conditions, developed in some nests. Spiders, pseudoscorpions and bugs were recorded only in a small number of species and individuals.

}, keywords = {apiaster, bee eater, Beetles, Diptera, feather, fleas, flies, lice, Merops, mesostigmatic, mites, nests, populations, pseudoscorpions, Slovakia, South, spiders, ticks}, author = {Kri{\v s}tof{\'\i}k,J{\'a}n and Masan,P. and Sustek,Z.} } @article {39475, title = {Lice on helmeted guineafowls at five localties in South Africa}, journal = {Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research}, volume = {60}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {223 - 228}, abstract = {

A total of 234 helmeted guineafowls, Numida meleagris coronata, were examined for lice at five localities in South Africa. These were the Mountain Zebra National Park in the eastern Karoo, Cape Province; the Andries Vosloo Kudu Reserve and the farm Bucklands, in Valley Bushveld, eastern Cape Province; the Bontebok National Park, south-western Cape Province; and the southern part of the Kruger National Park, eastern Transvaal Lowveld. A total of eight louse species, comprising Amyrsidea desousai, Clayia theresae, Goniodes gigas , Goniodes numidae, Lipeurus numidae, Numidicola antennatus, Numidilipeurus lawrensis and Somaphantus lusius were recovered from the guineafowls. With the exception of A. desousai , which was not recovered from the guineafowls in the Bontebok National Park, all eight species were present on the birds at each locality. The prevalence of infestations on the birds at the various localities ranged from 99.2-100 \%, and the numbers of lice present on individual birds, from 0-3619. Goniodes spp. and N . antennatus were the most abundant and A. desousai the least.

}, keywords = {animals, fowl, Kruger, numida meleagris, parasite, ticks, wild}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/1023.pdf}, author = {Louw,J. P. and Horak,Ivan G. and Meyer,S. and Roger D. Price} } @article {39340, title = {Parasitic helminths and arthropods of greater shearwaters (Puffinus gravis) from Florida}, journal = {Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington}, volume = {63}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {83 - 88}, abstract = {

Fifteen greater shearwaters (Puffinus gravis) collected during June 1993 from the east coast of Florida were examined for parasites. Twenty-five species were identified and included 5 nematodes, 4 cestodes, 9 mites, 6 chewing lice, and 1 tick. All birds examined were infected with at least 4 species of helminths (mean 5.2, range 4-7 species). All are known from greater shearwaters except Stegophorus diomedeae, Stegophoncs stellaepolaris, and Tetrabothrius minor. The most common helminths were the cestodes Tetrabothrius filiformis and Tetrabothrius laccocephalus and the nematode Stegophorus diomedeae, which occurred in prevalences of 100\%, 93\%, and 93\%, respectively. All 15 birds were infested with chewing lice, but 4 birds were free of mites. Each bird was infested by at least 3 species of parasitic arthropods (mean 6.8, range 3-12 species). The most common arthropods were 2 chewing lice, Austromenopon paululum and Halipeurus gravis, both of which occurred on 100\% of the birds. The bird tick, Ixodes auritulus, is reported for the first time from the east coast of the United States.

}, keywords = {Acari, Cestoda, Chewing lice, Florida, lice, mites, Nematodes, Prevalence, Puffinus, shearwater, Survey, ticks}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0779.pdf}, author = {Foster,Garry W. and John M. Kinsella and Roger D. Price and James W. Mertins and Forrester,Donald J.} }