@article {46891, title = {Influence of seasonal changes in sensitivity of lice Pediculus humanus humanus L. to p,p{\textquoteright}-DDT and gamma HCH}, journal = {Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny}, volume = {19}, year = {1968}, note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 0414756; 50-29-3 (DDT); 58-89-9 (Lindane); ppublish}, month = {1968}, pages = {141 - 146}, address = {POLAND}, keywords = {animals, DDT, Lice/drug effects, Lindane/toxicity, Seasons}, isbn = {0035-7715}, author = {Styczynska,Bogumila} } @article {46296, title = {The epidemiological aspects of pediculosis}, journal = {Voenno-meditsinskii zhurnal}, volume = {317}, year = {1996}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 2984871R; ppublish}, month = {1996}, pages = {29 - 32}, address = {RUSSIA}, keywords = {adolescent, adult, animals, child, humans, Lice Infestations/epidemiology/parasitology/prevention \& control/transmission, Middle Aged, Military Personnel, Pediculus, Russia/epidemiology, scalp dermatoses, Seasons}, isbn = {0026-9050}, author = {Khudobin,V. V.} } @article {46044, title = {Seasonality trends of Pediculosis capitis and Phthirus pubis in a young adult population: follow-up of 20 years}, journal = {Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology}, volume = {16}, year = {2002}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 9216037; ppublish}, month = {2002}, pages = {257 - 259}, address = {Netherlands}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: It is not mandatory to report Pediculosis capitis and Phthirus pubis in most countries; therefore, little is known about the seasonality of these infestations. METHODS: We analysed the data based on routine and mandatory reporting of every case of Pediculosis capitis and Phthirus pubis to the Army Health Branch Epidemiology Department, Israel, over the last two decades. RESULTS: The average 20-year incidence of Pediculosis capitis shows a significant rise during the warmer months (R2 = 0.692, P < 0.05) with a parallel significant decrease in the cooler months (R2 = 0.893, P < 0.05). The results for Phthirus pubis show a significantly higher person-time incidence in the winter (P < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis to investigate possible sources of heterogeneity during this time indicated that no single year was an important source of heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: Pediculosis capitis is more frequent in the warmer months, whereas Phthirus pubis is more dominant in the cooler months.}, keywords = {adult, animals, Follow-Up Studies, groin, humans, incidence, Israel/epidemiology, Lice Infestations/epidemiology, Linear Models, Middle Aged, Military Personnel, Pediculus, populations, Pthirus, scalp dermatoses, Seasons}, isbn = {0926-9959}, author = {Mimouni,D. and Ankol,O. E. and Gdalevich,M. and Grotto,I. and Davidovitch,N. and Zangvil,E.} } @article {46026, title = {The life of a head louse}, journal = {Nursing times}, volume = {98}, year = {2002}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 0423236; ppublish}, month = {2002}, pages = {54}, address = {England}, abstract = {When children return to school after the summer holiday, cases of head lice appear to increase. Ian Burgess describes the life cycle of the head louse and dispels some of the myths about transmission of this insect. A second article discusses the detection and treatment of head lice.}, keywords = {Age Distribution, animals, child, Children, humans, Lice Infestations/epidemiology/transmission, Life Cycle Stages, Pediculus, scalp dermatoses, Seasons, Sex Distribution, Sex Factors}, isbn = {0954-7762}, author = {Burgess,Ian F.} } @article {46021, title = {A preliminary pilot survey on head lice, pediculosis in Sharkia Governorate and treatment of lice with natural plant extracts}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {32}, year = {2002}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 8102141; 0 (Plant Extracts); ppublish}, month = {2002}, pages = {725 - 736}, address = {Egypt}, abstract = {Twelve different representative areas in Sharkia Governorate were surveyed for head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis. The pre-valence was investigated among 120 houses containing 2,448 individual, with different age, sex and socioeconomic status. Examination was done by naked eye aided with hand-lens. A total of 137 individuals were infested. Infestation rates were higher in the rural areas with low socioeconomic levels, concrete houses with over-crowded family members. Children had significantly higher infestation rates than adults. Males had lower infestation rates than females. However, the hair length and permanent hair washing were the factors accounted for both age and sex difference in prevalence of pediculosis. Head lice infestations were found all over the year, but increased in summer and spring. One hundred infested patients (90 females and 10 males) with different aged and hair length were treated with tour mixed cream from plants Lawsonia alba L. (Henna). Trigonella faemum-gracanum (Fenugreek), Hibiscus cannabinus (Hibiscus) and Artemisia cina (Wormseed). The head lice completely disappeared within a week among those patients treated by henna mixed with aqueous extract of sheah (100\%) or mixed with helba (75\%) or with karkada (50\%).}, keywords = {adolescent, adult, Age Distribution, animals, child, Child, Preschool, Egypt, Hibiscus/chemistry, humans, Infant, Lawsonia Plant/chemistry, Lice Infestations/drug therapy/epidemiology, Pediculus, Phytotherapy, Pilot Projects, Plant Extracts, Prevalence, scalp dermatoses, Seasons, Sex Distribution, Trigonella/chemistry}, isbn = {0253-5890}, author = {El-Basheir,Z. M. and Fouad,M. A.} } @article {45957, title = {Prevalence of Pediculus humanus capitis infestation in school children at Despenaderos, Cordoba Province}, journal = {Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Medicas de la Universidad Nac. de Cordoba}, volume = {60}, year = {2003}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 8303003; ppublish}, month = {2003}, pages = {43 - 53}, address = {Argentina}, abstract = {

Paper in Spanish. Title: Prevalencia de infestaci\ón por Pediculus humanus capitis en escolares de despe\ñaderos (Provincia de C\órdoba) / Prevalence of pediculus humanus capitis infestation in schoolchildren at Despe\ñaderos, C\órdoba Province

BACKGROUND: Approximately 80\% of Argentine children have pediculosis, making it imperious to detect the defects in the prevention and control actions for this parasitosis. OBJECTIVES: To study the infestation level by P. h. capitis, its temporal variation, and the association between infestation and host characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A monthly census in children of 6-8 years old from 2 primary schools (state and private) was carried out, recording the parasite stages found, children characteristics (sex, colour and length of hair), and infestation level. Data were analysed by means of contingency tables, difference of proportions, quotient of chances, and rank correlation coefficient. The independence of variables was analysed by c\&$\#$39; test. RESULTS: The prevalence and chances of becoming infested were higher at the state school, where also all infestation levels were recorded, which did not occur at the private institute. The frequency of children infested was significantly lower when they had short hair. The correlation among infestation degree and hair length (short-long) was only significant for boys. Pediculosis cases were recorded at the beginning of the school year in both educative institutions, which demonstrated that infestation was acquired not only at school but also at home. CONCLUSIONS: Pediculosis is a social problems and the whole community must participate in preventive and control actions, for which sanitary education is essential, and the myth that the school is the only place of contagion must be eradicated.

}, keywords = {animals, Argentina, child, English Abstract, humans, Lice Infestations/epidemiology, Pediculus, Prevalence, risk factors, scalp dermatoses, Seasons, Severity of Illness Index, Socioeconomic Factors}, isbn = {0014-6722}, author = {Ramirez,A. and Luduena Almeida,F. F. and Almiron,W. R.} } @article {45862, title = {Epidemiology and morbidity of scabies and pediculosis capitis in resource-poor communities in Brazil}, journal = {British Journal of Dermatology}, volume = {153}, year = {2005}, note = {JID: 0004041; ppublish}, month = {2005}, pages = {150 - 156}, address = {England}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Pediculosis capitis and scabies are common parasitic skin diseases, especially in resource-poor communities, but data on epidemiology and morbidity are scanty. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence, seasonal variation and morbidity of pediculosis capitis and scabies in poor neighbourhoods in north-east Brazil. METHODS: The study comprised cross-sectional surveys of a representative population of an urban slum (n = 1460) in Fortaleza, the capital of Ceara State (Brazil) and a fishing community 60 km south of the city (n = 605). Study participants were examined for the presence of scabies and pediculosis capitis. In a longitudinal study in the slum, variation of prevalence in different seasons of the year was assessed. RESULTS: Prevalence of pediculosis capitis was 43.4\% in the slum and 28.1\% in the fishing community. Children aged 10-14 years and females were most frequently affected. Scabies was present in 8.8\% of the population in the slum and in 3.8\% of the population in the fishing community. There was no consistent pattern of age distribution. Superinfection was common in patients with scabies, and cervical lymphadenopathy in patients with pediculosis capitis. Multivariate analysis showed that age \< or = 15 years, being of female sex and living in the urban slum were independent factors contributing to the simultaneous coinfestation with pediculosis capitis and scabies. The longitudinal data from the urban slum showed a characteristic seasonal variation of pediculosis capitis, but no fluctuation of scabies. CONCLUSIONS: Pediculosis capitis and scabies are hyperendemic in the study areas and are associated with considerable morbidity. There is an urgent need to develop control measures for these parasitic skin diseases in resource-poor communities. This is the first community-based study describing in detail the epidemiology and morbidity of scabies and head lice infestation in Brazil.

}, keywords = {adolescent, adult, Age Factors, animals, Brazil, child, Child, Preschool, Comorbidity, epidemiology, humans, Infant, Lice Infestations/epidemiology, Middle Aged, Pediculus, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Scabies, scalp dermatoses, Seasons, Urban}, isbn = {0007-0963}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06591.x}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06591.x}, author = {J{\"o}rg Heukelbach and Wilcke,T. and Winter,B. and Feldmeier,Hermann} }