@article {95379, title = {A Misidentification Crisis Plagues Specimen-Based Research: A Case for Guidelines with a Recent Example (Ali et al., 2020)}, journal = {Journal of Parasitology}, volume = {107}, year = {2021}, month = {04-2021}, pages = {262-266}, abstract = {

A recent paper in this journal concerning parasites of rock pigeons (Columba livia) published by Ali and colleagues exemplifies a growing trend of misidentified parasites in the literature, despite increased online resources that should help facilitate accurate identification. In the Ali et al. paper, a pigeon louse in the genus Columbicola (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) is misidentified as Menopon gallinae, which is a parasite of chickens (Gallus gallus) and their relatives; moreover, this louse is from an entirely different suborder of lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera). Another louse is misidentified as Goniodes dissimilis, another parasite of chickens and junglefowl. In addition, photographs of cestodes from pigeons in the same paper are not sufficient to confirm identification. Misidentifications are fueled, in part, by increasing pressure to publish coupled with a decrease in taxonomic expertise. We consider the downstream consequences of misidentification and suggest guidelines for authors, reviewers, and editors that could help to improve the reliability of specimen-based research.

Paper by Ali et al (2020), Ectoparasites and Intestinal Helminths of Pigeons in Medina, Saudi Arabial see original publication https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-parasitology/volume-106/issue-6/20-64/Ectoparasites-and-Intestinal-Helminths-of-Pigeons-in-Medina-Saudi-Arabia/10.1645/20-64.short or http://phthiraptera.info/node/95208

}, keywords = {Cestode, lice, Pigeon, Publication guidelines, Specimen misidentification}, doi = {10.1645/21-4}, url = {https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-parasitology/volume-107/issue-2/21-4/A-Misidentification-Crisis-Plagues-Specimen-Based-Research--A-Case/10.1645/21-4.full}, author = {Sarah E. Bush and Daniel R Gustafsson and Vasyl V. Tkach and Clayton,Dale H.} } @article {94926, title = {Relationships between beak condition, preening behavior and ectoparasite infestation levels in laying hens}, journal = {Poultry Science}, volume = {94}, year = {2015}, month = {09-2015}, pages = {1997 - 2007}, abstract = {

The effects of beak condition on ectoparasite populations and preening in laying hens were investigated. Beak-trimmed and beak-intact caged Hy-Line W-36 hens were infested with either chicken body lice or northern fowl mites using a 2 \× 2 factorial design with 4 replicate cages (each containing 2 hens)/treatment: 1) BTL (beak-trimmed lice-infested); 2) BTM (beak-trimmed mite-infested); 3) BIL (beak-intact lice-infested); and 4) BIM (beak-intact mite-infested). Mite scores and lice numbers were estimated weekly. Hens were video recorded the wk before infestation and at wk 6 and 9 post-infestation. Time spent preening on 6 body areas and in total were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA. There was a wk \× beak condition interaction for lice loads, with BTL harboring approximately 17 times more lice than BIL from wk 7 to 10 post-infestation (P \< 0.0001). Beak condition affected mite loads (P \< 0.0001), with BTM having a higher mite score (3.8 \± 0.26) than BIM (1.4 \± 0.26). At peak infestation, BTL spent more total time preening (P = 0.02, s \± SE: 232.1 \± 37.6) than prior to infestation (33.9 \± 37.6) and directed their preening behavior towards the vent. In contrast, BIL (73.9 \± 37.6), BTM (9.4 \± 1.6), and BIM (8.6 \± 1.6) did not increase total time spent preening over pre-infestation levels (103.6 \± 37.6, 5.8 \± 1.6, 6.7 \± 1.6 respectively), although BTM did redirect their preening behavior toward the vent. This study confirmed previous studies showing that an intact beak is important for reducing ectoparasite infestations. Preening behavior increased in response to lice infestation, but only in beak-trimmed hens; preening behavior and louse load were correlated at peak infestation. In contrast, mite infestation did not lead to increased preening, and there was no correlation between preening and mite load. However, both lice- and mite-infested hens directed preening behavior predominantly towards the vent where these parasites are typically found.

}, keywords = {beak-trimming, hen, lice, mites, preening}, issn = {00325791}, doi = {10.3382/ps/pev171}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0032579119322333}, author = {Giuseppe Vezzoli and Mullens,B. A. and Joy A. Mench} } @article {94851, title = {Ectoparásitos de aves en explotaciones de traspatio (Gallus gallus domesticus, y Meleagris gallopavo) de una región del sur de México}, journal = {Rev. Ibero-Latinoam. Parasitol. }, volume = {72}, year = {2013}, pages = {1845 - 189}, abstract = {

Paper in Spanish:

RESUMEN: Con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de ectoparásitos en aves de corral de Macuilxóchitl, Oa- xaca, México. Se muestrearon 51 aves, incluyendo pollos (Gallus gallus domesticus) y pavos (Meleagris gallopavo). Los ectopárasitos se colectaron con un algodón impregnado de alcohol-eter. Todas las aves resultaron positivas a algún ectoparásito. En los pollos, se identificaron cuatro especies de piojos mastica- dores: Menopon gallinae (86\%), Menacanthus stramineus (88\%), Chelopistes meleagridis (64\%), Lipeurus caponis (33\%) y tres especies de pulgas, Echidnophaga gallinacea (75\%), Ctenocephalides felis (66\%), Ctenocephalides canis (60\%). En los pavos se observaron las siguientes frecuencias: M. gallinae (100\%), M. stramineus (100\%) C. meleagridis (100\%), L. caponis 50\%) E. gallinacea (100\%), C. felis (33\%). Enpollos y pavos la mayoría de las infestaciones fueron de cuatro o más especies de ectoparásitos. Este es el primer estudio sobre identificación de ectoparásitos en la región.

Palabras clave: Piojos, pulgas, aves explotación de traspatio.

English title: ECTOPARASITES OF BACKYARD POULTRY (GALLUS GALLUS DOMESTICUS AND MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO) IN A REGION OF SOUTHERN MEXICO

ABSTRACT: In order to determine the frequency of ectoparasites in poultry Macuilxóchitl, Oaxaca, Mexico. 51 birds were sampled, including chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). Ectopara- sites were collected with an alcohol - ether cotton. All birds tested positive for any ectoparasite. In chickens, four species of chewing lice were identified: Menopon gallinae (86\%), Menacanthus stramineus (88\%), Chelopistes meleagridis (64\%), Lipeurus caponis (33\%) and three species of fleas, Echidnophaga galli- nacea (75\%), Ctenocephalides felis (66\%), Ctenocephalides canis (60\%). In turkeys M. gallinae (100\%), M. stramineus (100\%) C. meleagridis (100\%), L. caponis 50\%) E. gallinacea (100\%), C. felis (33\%). In chickens and turkeys most infestations were four or more species of ectoparasites. This is the first study on identification of ectoparasites in the region.

}, keywords = {fleas, free backyard poultry, lice}, url = {https://www.scribd.com/document/361610596/Ectoparasitos-de-Aves-en-Explotaciones-de-Traspatio-de-Una-Region-Del-Sur-de-Mex}, author = {M.I. Cruz and C.J.A. Figueroa and M.M.T. Quintero and C.Y. Alcay{\'a}} } @article {68784, title = {Campanulotes compar (Burmeister, 1838) (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) from Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. The reemergence of an ectoparasite?}, journal = {Veterinary Parasitology}, volume = {195}, year = {2013}, month = {07/2013}, pages = {203 - 204}, type = {Short Communication}, abstract = {

The importance of ectoparasites in the transmission of pathogens, as well as the variability of species from one region to another, motivated this notification of the ectoparasite lice Campanulotes compar in range chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) reared in an extensive system in the city of Apodi, Rio Grande do Norte state, in the Northeast region of Brazil. The examined birds were infested with ten males and six females of C. compar. Thus, C. compar is recorded as parasitizing chickens in the state of Rio Grande do Norte after 77 years from its unique citation in the Southeast region of Brazil. We further discuss the possible risks of this finding.
\ Crown Copyright \© 2013. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {birds, ectoparasite, lice}, issn = {03044017}, doi = {10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.047}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/68784.pdf}, author = {Ferreira, Caroline Gracielle Torres and Mafra, Cl{\'a}udio and Bezerra, Ana Carla Di{\'o}genes Suassuna and de Carvalho, Ot{\'a}vio Val{\'e}rio and Silva, Abelardo J{\'u}nior and de Almeida, M{\'a}rcia Rog{\'e}ria} } @article {40084, title = {The distribution of lice (Phthiraptera) on poultry (Gallus domesticus)}, journal = {International Journal for Parasitology}, volume = {21}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {247 - 249}, abstract = {The distribution of three amblyceran (Menacanthus stramineus, Menacanthus cornutus, Menopon gallinae) and five ischnoceran species (Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis, Lipeurus caponis, Goniocotes gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Goniodes dissimilis) on poultry was determined. The preferred sites of these species on the host body were recorded.}, keywords = {Amblycera, avian, Gallus, goniocotes, Goniodes, Ischnocera, lice, lipeurus, Mallophaga, Menacanthus, menopon, Phthiraptera, poultry}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/2660.pdf}, author = {Trivedi,M. C. and Rawat,B. S. and Arun Kumar Saxena} }