@article {46616, title = {Transplant of acquired resistance to Polyplax serrata (Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae) in skin allografts to athymic mice}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {19}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {164 - 168}, abstract = {

Further evidence is presented that acquired resistance of mice to lice is locally mediated. Normal, previously unexposed skin transplanted to athymic nude mice was readily colonized by lice and did not acquire resistance, but louse-resistant skin similarly grafted remained resistant for at least 12 weeks. It is inferred from these observations that capability for resistance was transferred with grafts of resistant skin to the nude recipients from which no contribution was necessary for the development of resistance, and that an intact T-cell contribution is necessary for development of resistance in normal skin. Such adequate contribution is not imparted to the nude host by grafts from normal donor hosts nor is such capability transferred to normal grafts from resistant skin grafted on the same animals.

}, keywords = {animals, ectoparasite, immune, Lice/growth \& development, mice, Mice, Nude/parasitology, Skin Transplantation}, doi = { https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/19.2.164}, author = {J. F. Bell and Stewart,S. J. and Nelson,W. A.} } @article {46582, title = {Polyplax serrata (Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae): effects of cortisone and cyclophosphamide on the acquired resistance response of mice to lice}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {20}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {551 - 557}, abstract = {

One 4-mg injection of long-acting cortisone per mouse, after acquired resistance to lice had developed, suppressed most of the inflammatory cells in the skin over a period of 10\–12 days and louse numbers increased over a 2-wk period. The mode of action of the cortisone was considered to be anti-inflammatory rather than immunosuppressant, and no clue as to the nature of host resistance could be discovered. However, 4 mg cyclophosphamide (Cy), injected 24 h after infesting the mice, caused prolonged high numbers of lice for 8 weeks, delayed the appearance in the skin of lymphocytes slightly and of fibroblasts for an extended period, but caused no diminution of inflammation. The results of this study suggest that Cy suppressed T-lymphocyte proliferation at the antigen recognition stage early in the infestation and that, at least initially, a cell-mediated mechanism appeared to be a prerequisite for expression of resistance.

}, keywords = {animals, immune, Lice Infestations/immunology, mice, T-Lymphocytes/immunology}, doi = { https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/20.5.551}, author = {Nelson,W. A. and J. F. Bell and Stewart,S. J. and Kozub,G. C.} } @article {43794, title = {Some wildlife diseases in the Eastern United States}, journal = {Journal of Wildlife Management}, volume = {7}, year = {1943}, month = {1943}, pages = {270 - 278}, author = {J. F. Bell and Chalgren,W. S.} } @article {43007, title = {Polyplax serrata: Effects of limb disability on lousiness in mice. VI: Lack of tolerance after neonatal exposure}, journal = {Experimental Parasitology}, volume = {40}, year = {1976}, note = {1474}, month = {1976}, pages = {373 - 379}, keywords = {Beziehung zum Wirt, ecology, polyplax serrata, resistance, Rodentia., Troester}, author = {Stewart,S. and J. F. Bell and Hestekin,B. and Moore,G.} } @article {42703, title = {Review article: Host ectoparasite relationships}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {12}, year = {1975}, note = {1477}, month = {1975}, pages = {143 - 166}, keywords = {Beziehung zum Wirt., Gert, Mallophaga}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/6605.pdf}, author = {Nelson,W. A. and Keirans,James E. and J. F. Bell and Clifford,Carleton M.} } @article {42702, title = {Polyplax serrata: Histopathology of the skin of louse-infested mice}, journal = {Experimental Parasitology}, volume = {31}, year = {1972}, note = {1032}, month = {1972}, pages = {194 - 202}, abstract = {

The sequence of changes in the inflammatory reaction in the skins of mice infested with the louse, Polyplax serrata (Burmeister) (Anoplura), was examined in detail throughout 12 weeks of infestation. The reaction was manifest in 2 phases. The first phase, lasting for 4 weeks after initial infestation, was characterized by an increase (followed by a decrease) in epidermal thickness, invasive neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes. After an initial increase in the first week (hyperemia), the numbers of vessels containing blood decreased steadily until the fifth week and remained low until the twelfth week. Arteriolar vasoconstriction was seen regularly after the second week. The second phase, lasting for the next 8 weeks, was characterized by another increase (followed by a decrease) in epidermal thickness, tissue lymphocytes, and monocytes. A sustained increase in mast cell numbers occurred, accompanied by degranulation of these cells. Fibroblast proliferation was also increased.
The data indicate that the histopathologic reaction of mice to sucking lice is basically similar to that shown in sheep infested with the sheep ked shown earlier. There is a suggestion that the skin changes represent the basic protective mechanism necessary for acquired host resistance both for the ked-sheep and for systems involving the Anoplura.

}, keywords = {Beziehung zum Wirt, histology, Medizinische Bedeutung, Methodik., polyplax serrata, rodentia, Troester}, author = {Nelson,W. A. and Clifford,Carleton M. and J. F. Bell and Hestekin,B.} } @article {42562, title = {Effects of limb disability on lousiness of mice. V. Hierarchic disturbance on mutual grooming and reproductive capacities}, journal = {Experimental Parasitology}, volume = {27}, year = {1970}, note = {892}, month = {1970}, pages = {184 - 192}, abstract = {

Amputee mice subjected to the stressful conditions of a continually disturbed hierarchy developed excessive louse infestations. These infestations apparently were the result of a reduction in mutual grooming. In contrast, mutual grooming, among amputee mice in stable hierarchies maintained the louse infestation at an essentially nonexistent level. Additional evidence for the stressful conditions in the disturbed hierarchies was an eosinopenia among ♂ mice and an approximate 50\% decrease in the percentage of pregnancies and relative lack of ovulatory activity in ♀ mice, as compared to that of mice in the stable hierarchies.

}, keywords = {Beziehung zum Wirt, polyplax serrata, Rodentia., Troester}, author = {Lodmell,D. L. and J. F. Bell and Clifford,Carleton M. and Moore,G. J. and Raymong,G.} } @article {42506, title = {Interaction of ectoparasites and their hosts}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {13}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {389 - 428}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/42506.pdf}, author = {Nelson,W. A. and J. F. Bell and Clifford,Carleton M. and Keirans,James E.} } @article {42002, title = {Effects of limb disability on lousiness in mice. IV Evidence of genetic factors in susceptibility of Polyplax serrata}, journal = {Experimental Parasitology}, volume = {20}, year = {1967}, note = {613}, month = {1967}, pages = {56 - 67}, abstract = {

When amputee mice were infested with lice (Polyplax serrata) Burm. and kept individually, most of them rapidly developed comparable louse populations. However, certain mice appeared to resist development of louse populations.
Several strains of mice were tested and a wide range in susceptibility to infestation with lice was found. The greatest number of lice developed on C57BL/6JN mice and the smallest number on mice of the CFW strain. Those strains of mice that supported the largest number of lice had the greatest mortality.

The cross breeding of resistant and susceptible strains of mice revealed evidence of a genetic mechanism. From these crosses it was established that the sex of the resistant parent may be a genetic factor influencing the reaction of the offspring to louse infestation. Coat color of the mice appeared to influence louse infestations, but these studies were inconclusive.

Attempts by selective breeding to enhance the natural resistance exhibited by certain mice were not successful. Nevertheless, progeny of resistant parents were as resistant as the parents.

}, keywords = {Beziehung zum Wirt, biology, ecology, Polyplax, Rodentia., Troester, Wirtsspezifit{\"a}t}, author = {Clifford,Carleton M. and J. F. Bell and Raymond,G.} } @article {41846, title = {Dry gangrene of the ear in white mice}, journal = {Laboratory Animal Science}, volume = {4/2}, year = {1970}, note = {902}, month = {1970}, pages = {245 - 254}, abstract = {

Sporadic dry gangrene of the ears of white mice, and conditions conducive to its occurrence, are described. The incidence of ear necrosis increased markedly when the mice were subjected to cold and when their ears were traumatized by grooming to rid themselves of lice. Louse infestation alone is not a causative factor in the production of ear lesions. Age and breed of mice were other factors which affected incidence. The lesion is usually not important in the maintenance of colonies but might occur in situations where mice are subjected to stress.

}, keywords = {Beziehung zum Wirt., Gert, Hoplopleura, Louse infestation alone is not a causative factor in the production of ear lesion., Polyplax, rodentia}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1258/002367770781071545}, author = {J. F. Bell and Moore,G. J. and Clifford,Carleton M. and Raymond,G. H.} } @article {41842, title = {Effects of limb disability on lousiness in mice. I. Preliminary studies}, journal = {Experimental Parasitology}, volume = {12}, year = {1962}, note = {616}, month = {1962}, pages = {176 - 183}, abstract = {

White mice that suffer paralysis of one or more limbs as a sequel of rabies infection develop excessive louse infestations, lacerations, and areas of depilation. The development of large populations of lice on mice disabled by amputation of both rear limbs indicates that this paralytic sequel of rabies had a marked effect on the degree of parasitism. Low level amputation permits depilation by rubbing, but laceration occurs only rarely. In spite of the demonstration of relationship between disability and parasitosis there are other unknown factors which affect the degree of infestation.

}, keywords = {Beziehung zum Wirt, biology, ecology, Gert, Polyplax, Rodentia., Wirtsspezifit{\"a}t}, author = {J. F. Bell and Jellison,William L. and Owen,C. R.} } @article {41843, title = {Effects of limb disability on lousiness in mice. II. Intersex grooming relationships}, journal = {Experimental Parasitology}, volume = {15}, year = {1964}, note = {615}, month = {1964}, pages = {340 - 349}, keywords = {Beziehung zum Wirt, biology, ecology, Gert, Polyplax, Rodentia., Wirtsspezifit{\"a}t}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/5004.pdf}, author = {J. F. Bell and Clifford,Carleton M.} } @article {41844, title = {Effects of limb disability on lousiness in mice. III Gross aspects of acquired resistance}, journal = {Experimental Parasitology}, volume = {18}, year = {1966}, note = {614}, month = {1966}, pages = {49 - 60}, abstract = {

Studies of louse populations on partially disabled mice kept individually to prevent mutual grooming have demonstrated that after initial exposure to the parasite, subsequent populations were limited because of development of acquired resistance by the mice.

During these experiments it was established that a long period of intensive exposure is required for full development of the resistant state. Further, based on a limited period of observation, the inhibitory function appears to be limited to the exposed site rather than generalized over the entire body.

Although detritus that accumulates in a region heavily infested with lice was not a major factor in the resistance to reinfestation that was noted, it could not be eliminated as a minor one.

The successful feeding of larval ixodid ticks on louse-resistant mice in a single experiment indicated that the resistance is probably specific for lice.

}, keywords = {Beziehung zum Wirt, biology, ecology, Gert, Polyplax, Rodentia., Wirtsspezifit{\"a}t}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4894(66)90007-5}, author = {J. F. Bell and Clifford,Carleton M. and Moore,G. J. and Raymond,G.} }