@article {96486, title = {Abametapir 0.74\% (Xeglyze) for the treatment of head lice}, journal = {American Family Physician}, volume = {106}, year = {2022}, month = {July 2022}, pages = {91-92}, abstract = {

Abametapir 0.74\% (Xeglyze) is a topical ovicidal pediculicide labeled for the treatment of head lice infestation in patients six months and older

}, url = {https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0700/steps-abametapir-head-lice.html}, author = {Meera Sunder} } @article {95321, title = {Spinosad: A Low-Risk, Effective Treatment for Lice}, journal = {American Family Physician}, volume = {100}, year = {2019}, month = {11-2019}, pages = {601}, type = {Letters to the Editor}, abstract = {

In response to article : Lice and Scabies: Treatment Update by KAREN GUNNING, BERNADETTE KIRALY\  and KARLY PIPPITT (original article see http://phthiraptera.info/node/95220

}, url = {https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/1115/p601.html}, author = {Taylor A. Wright} } @article {95221, title = {Pediculosis and Scabies: A Treatment Update}, journal = {American Family Physician}, volume = {86}, year = {2012}, month = {09-2012}, pages = {535-541}, abstract = {

Pediculosis\  and\  scabies\  are\  caused\  by\  ectoparasites.\  Pruritus\  is\  the\  most\  common\  presenting\  symptom.\  Head\  and\  pubic lice infestations are diagnosed by visualization of live lice. Finding nits (louse egg shells) alone indicates a his-torical\  infestation.\  A\  \“no\  nit\”\  policy\  for\  schools\  and\  day\  care\  centers\  no\  longer\  is\  recommended\  because\  nits\  can\  persist after successful treatment with no risk of transmission. First-line pharmacologic treatment of pediculosis is permethrin 1\% lotion or shampoo. Multiple novel treatments have shown limited evidence of effectiveness superior to permethrin. Wet combing is an effective nonpharmacologic treatment option. Finding pubic lice should prompt an evaluation for other sexually transmitted infections. Body lice infestation should be suspected when a patient with poor hygiene presents with pruritus. Washing affected clothing and bedding is essential if lice infestation is found, but no other environmental decontamination is necessary. Scabies in adults is recognized as a pruritic, papular rash with\  excoriations\  in\  a\  typical\  distribution\  pattern.\  In\  infants,\  children,\  and\  immunocompromised\  adults,\  the\  rash\  also can be vesicular, pustular, or nodular. First-line treatment of scabies is topical permethrin 5\% cream. Clothing and\  bedding\  of\  persons\  with\  scabies\  should\  be\  washed\  in\  hot\  water\  and\  dried\  in\  a\  hot\  dryer.

An updated version by the same authors title- Lice and Scabies: Treatment Update can be found in http://phthiraptera.info/node/95220

}, url = {https://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/0915/p535.html}, author = {Karen Gunning and Karly Pippitt and Bernadette Kiraly and Morgan Sayler} } @article {95220, title = {Lice and Scabies: Treatment Update}, journal = {American Family Physician}, volume = {99}, year = {2019}, month = {05-2019}, pages = {635-642}, abstract = {

Pediculosis\  and\  scabies\  are\  caused\  by\  ectoparasites.\  Pruritus\  is\  the\  most\  common\  presenting\  symp-tom.\  Head\  and\  pubic\  lice\  infestations\  are\  diagnosed\  with\  visualization\  of\  live\  lice.\  Nits\  (lice\  eggs\  or\  egg\  casings)\  alone\  are\  not\  sufficient\  to\  diagnose\  a\  current\  infestation.\  A\  \“no-nit\”\  policy\  for\  return\  to\  school\  is\  not\  recommended\  because\  nits\  can\  remain\  even\  after\  successful\  treatment.\  First-line\  pharmacologic\  treatment\  for\  pediculosis\  is\  permethrin\  1\%\  lotion\  or\  shampoo.\  Newer\  treatments\  are\  available but costly, and resistance patterns are generally unknown. Noninsecticidal agents, including dimethicone\  and\  isopropyl\  myristate,\  show\  promise\  in\  the\  treatment\  of\  pediculosis.\  Extensive\  envi-ronmental decontamination is not necessary after pediculosis is diagnosed. In adults, the presence of pubic lice should prompt an evaluation for sexually transmitted infections. Body lice infestation should be suspected in patients with pruritus who live in crowded conditions or have poor hygiene. Scabies in adults presents as a pruritic, papular rash in a typical distribution pattern. In infants, the rash can also be vesicular, pustular, or nodular. First-line treatment for scabies is permethrin 5\% cream. Clothing and bedding\  of\  persons\  with\  scabies\  should\  be\  washed\  in\  hot\  water\  and\  dried\  in\  a\  hot\  dryer.\  Counseling\  regarding appropriate diagnosis and correct use of effective therapies is key to reducing the burden of lice and scabies.

A related handout written for patients is attached 95220 patient handout.pdf

article (Letters to the Editor see http://phthiraptera.info/node/95321)

A previous version by the same authors published in 2012 title: Pediculosis and Scabies: A Treatment Update can be found in http://phthiraptera.info/node/95221


Response to the article (Letters to the Editor see http://phthiraptera.info/node/95321)

}, url = {https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0515/p635.html}, author = {Karen Gunning and Bernadette Kiraly and Karly Pippitt} } @article {47513, title = {Pediculosis and Scabies}, journal = {American Family Physician}, volume = {69}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {341 - 350}, abstract = {Pediculosis and scabies are caused by ectoparasites; patients usually present with itching. Head and pubic lice infestations are diagnosed by the visualization of insects or viable nits (eggs). Primary treatment is topically administered 1 percent permethrin. Malathion is one alternative for treatment failures. The importance of environmental measures to prevent infestation is a matter of controversy. Pubic lice are treated the same as head lice, but this finding should prompt evaluation for other sexually transmitted diseases. Body lice infestation should be suspected when symptoms of generalized itching occur in persons who do not change or wash their clothing or bedding regularly; lice may be found in the seams of their clothing. Topically administered permethrin may help to eradicate body lice, but personal hygiene measures are essential for successful treatment. Classic scabies in adults can be recognized by a pruritic, papular rash with excoriations; in infants, small children, and the immunocompromised, the rash may include vesicles, pustules, or nodules. Primary treatment for scabies is permethrin cream, and environmental measures are important to prevent recurrent infestation. Generalized crusted scabies is best treated with oral ivermectin.}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46638.pdf}, author = {Flinders,David C. and Schweinitz,Peter de} } @article {46007, title = {AAP releases clinical report on head lice}, journal = {American Family Physician}, volume = {67}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {1391 - 1392}, keywords = {animals, child, humans, insecticide, Lice Infestations/diagnosis/drug therapy, Lindane/therapeutic use, Pediculus, Permethrin, School Health Services}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/44813.pdf}, author = {Ressel,Genevieve W.} } @article {45948, title = {Information from your family doctor. Head lice}, journal = {American Family Physician}, volume = {69}, year = {2004}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 1272646; ppublish}, month = {2004}, pages = {349 - 350}, address = {United States}, keywords = {animals, humans, Lice Infestations/diagnosis/therapy, Pediculus, scalp dermatoses}, isbn = {0002-838X}, url = {https://www.aafp.org/afp/2004/0115/p349.html}, author = {Anonymous} } @article {40271, title = {The role of the family physician in the day care setting}, journal = {American Family Physician}, volume = {54}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {1257 - 1265}, abstract = {Injuries and infectious respiratory, gastrointestinal and dermatologic diseases are common in day care settings. Most day care injuries are contusions, abrasions and cuts involving the head and extremities. Impact-absorbing surfaces under playground equipment, safety-proofing of ail play areas, increased staff supervision, and staff and parental education might reduce injuries by as much as 75 percent. Respiratory illnesses are the most common day care infections. Chemoprophylaxis with rifampin is required for all close contacts of children infected with Haemophilus influenzae type B and Neisseria meningitidis. Diarrheal illness may be caused by viral pathogens, bacterial agents such as Shigella, Campylobacter or Salmonella, or parasitic infections caused by Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium. Strict hand-washing procedures, especially before food preparation and after toileting, may reduce diarrheal illness by 50 percent. Head lice (Pediculosis capitis) and scabies are common dermatologic infections spread by direct contact and through clothing, bedding and hair brushes. Screening and treating affected children with permethrin preparations and thoroughly washing bedding and clothing are necessary to stop outbreaks. Use of universal precautions for the handling of stool is essential to prevent the spread of both ordinary diarrheal illnesses and serious infections such as hepatitis A and B, human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus.}, keywords = {child, infections, risk, school, transmission}, author = {Olsen,C. G. and Wong,C. P. and Gordon,R. E. and Harper,D. J. and Whitecar,P. S.} }