@article {48285,
	title = {Ectoparasitism as a cause of natal dispersal in Cliff Swallows (Hirundo pyrrhonota)},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {73},
	year = {1992},
	month = {1992},
	pages = {1718 - 1723},
	author = {Brown,C. R. and Brown,M. B.}
}
@article {45345,
	title = {Parasitism, immunity, and arrival date in a migratory bird, the barn swallow},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {206 - 219},
	abstract = {<p>Long-distance bird migration is expensive, and individuals in prime condition are therefore expected to arrive at the breeding grounds earlier than the average individual in the population. We tested whether arrival date during spring migration was associated with low parasite burden and strong T-cell-dependent immune response in populations of the transequatorially migrating Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica from Denmark, Italy, and Spain. Male Barn Swallows with heavy infestations of the chewing louse Hirundoecus malleus L. arrived later than other males, whereas that was not the case for females. This negative relationship remained after controlling the relationship between parasite load and arrival for tail length. Infection with blood parasites of the species Haemoproteus prognei was associated with delayed arrival in the Spanish population, which was the only one with a high prevalence of blood parasites. High intensities of infestation with a commensal feather mite were associated with early arrival by females, but also by males when the independent relationship between tail length and intensity of mite infestation was controlled statistically. Experimental manipulation of nest infestation with the hematophagous mite Ornithonyssus bursa Berlese affected the arrival date of adult males, but not of females in the following year, with arrival date being inversely related to the experimental mite population size. Males with strong T-cell responses arrived earlier than males with weak responses, independent of their tail length in two of three populations, but there was no significant relationship in females. These findings are in accordance with predictions based on the hypothesis that bird migration is dependent on condition, with individuals in prime condition arriving early.</p>
},
	keywords = {arrival date, barn swallow, Chewing lice, feather mite, Hirundoecus malleus, immunity, migration; mite, parasitism, sex differences, T-cell response, tail length},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3450482 },
	author = {Anders Pape M{\o}ller and de Lope, Florentino and Saino,N.}
}
@article {39590,
	title = {Ectoparasitism as a cost of coloniality in cliff swallows (Hirundo pyrrhonota)},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {67},
	year = {1986},
	month = {1986},
	pages = {1206 - 1218},
	author = {Brown,C. R. and Brown,M. B.}
}
@article {38926,
	title = {Synchronized life cycles in the orange-crowned warbler and its mallophagan parasites},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1969},
	month = {1969},
	pages = {315 - 323},
	abstract = {The purpose of this study was to study the relationship in timing of important stages of the life cycles of mallophagan lice and the cycles of the subspecies of the orange-crowned warbler (Vermivora celata) which they parasitize. The timing of breeding of the mallophagans Ricinus picturatus and Menacanthus sp. coincide with the timing in breeding of the subspecies of host warbler, resulting in sufficient numbers of lice for transfer to the newly available juvenile warbler hosts. No eggs are laid during the periods of avian moult; any eggs present would be lost with the feathers as they are dropped. Breeding in the winter is very limited in the winter when reproductive effort would be wasteful; opportunities for dispersal at this time, and bird are extremely efficient at keeping their numbers of lice to a minimum. Several lines of evidence suggest that the timing of breeding in R. picturatus and Menacanthus sp. is controlled by the reproductive hormones of V. celata. Hormones are available to these lice which feed on the blood of their host. Peek breeding in the louse coincides with peek production of reproductive hormones in avian populations and lasts only as long as the breeding season of the subspecies parasitized. Juvenile birds which are not producing great quantities of reproductive hormones never carry louse eggs. During the fall moult periods, the gonads are in a refractory state and produce a minimum amount of reproductive hormones. During the late fall and in mild winters, birds frequently exhibit some reproductive behaviour which account for the limited egg laying by lice at this time. Though hormone production may be moderately high during the winter, release to the blood is usually restricted. Members of the mallophagan genus Philopterus normally do not feed on blood, and in this group the life cycle is not so closely coordinated with that of the orange-crown.},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0284.pdf},
	author = {Foster,Mercedes S.}
}
