@article {96219, title = {Physical characteristics, chemical compositions, and insecticidal activity of plant essential oils against chicken lice (Menopon gallinae) and mites (Ornithonyssus bursa)}, journal = {Veterinary Integrative Sciences}, volume = {19}, year = {2021}, month = {07-2021}, pages = {449-466}, type = {Research - Online}, abstract = {

A preparation of essential oils to control chicken lice (Menopon gallinae) and mites (Ornithonyssus bursa) was developed. Each essential oil was effective against lice and mite in vitro. Citronella oil at the lowest concentration of 0.208 \µg/cm2 resulted in a mortality rate of 100\% in chicken lice, whereas a higher concentration of cloves, lemongrass, ginger, Makwan oil (0.416 \µg/cm2), and Litsea oil (0.832 \µg/cm2) was also found to be effective. A 100\% rate of mortality for mites was observed using citronella and ginger oil at a concentration of 0.416 \µg/cm2. At the same concentration, cloves, lemongrass, Litsea, and Makwan oil exhibited mortality rates in mites of 77.96\%, 93.33\%, 87.30\%, and 93.49\%, respectively. The efficacy of citronella oil and ginger oil against lice and mites was further examined in vivo. Citronella and ginger oil affected the rate of decline in lice from day 1 to day 14, whereas the number of mites living in nests declined from day 1 to day 7. The reduction of these parasitic insects may be correlated with the chemical constituents present in each essential oil. The active ingredients likely acted insecticidal agents against both parasitic insects. Moreover, the preparation developed here did not cause any side effects, such as dermatitis and respiratory disorders, during animal trials. Hence, preparations comprised of the essential oils of citronella and ginger can be further developed and used as insecticidal agents to control and/or eliminate chicken lice and mites on commercial farms.

}, keywords = {Contact toxicity assay, insecticides, Ornithonyssus bursa, Phytochemicals, Plant essential oil}, issn = {2629-9968}, doi = {10.12982/vis.2021.037}, url = {https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/vis/article/view/252265}, author = {Nattha Vigad and Wattana Pelyuntha and Prapakorn Tarachai and Sunee Chansakaow and Kridda Chukiatsiri} } @article {95437, title = {Ectoparasites in Some Wild Birds (Aves) in Turkey}, journal = {Progress in Nutrition}, volume = {23}, year = {2021}, pages = {10 pp}, type = {e2021261}, abstract = {

Study Objectives: Ectoparasites, such as chewing lice, fleas, ticks, mites, etc. can infest domestic and wild birds; and they cause irritation, anorexia, allergic reactions, decrease in animal products, and may transmit some parasitic, rickettsial, and viral diseases to birds. This study was performed to detect ectoparasites on wild birds in the Wildlife Rescue Rehabilitation Practice Application and Research Center of Kocatepe University in Afyon (AKUREM).

Methods: In this study, we performed to detect ectoparasites on wild birds between April 2018-2021. In this period, 79 injured or dead wild birds were macroscopically examined for ectoparasites. The ectoparasites collected from the birds were preserved in 70\% ethanol, and they were identified to species in the microscopical examination.

Results: In a total of 28 ectoparasite species, twenty-one lice, three ticks, two maggots, one hippoboscid fly, and one mite species were detected on the birds. In this study, Upupicola upupae (Schrank, 1803) was detected in Eurasian hoopoe for the first time in Turkey.

Conclusion: It was concluded that wildlife rehabilitation centers could be suitable units to provide new findings if applied systematically in ectoparasitary studies

}, keywords = {Calliphora vicina, Chewing lice, Colpocepahlum zebra, Ixodes frontalis, Lucilia sericata, Ornithonyssus bursa, Pseudolynchia canariensis, Upipicola upupae}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.23751/pn.v23iS2.11919}, url = {https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/progressinnutrition/article/view/11919}, author = {Bilal Dik and Emine Hesna Kandir} } @article {95001, title = {ECTOPARASITIC LOAD OF BLUE-CROWNED PARAKEET (ARATINGA A. ACUTICAUDATA, PSITTACIDAE) NESTLINGS}, journal = {Ornitologia Neotropical}, volume = {24}, year = {2013}, pages = {257-265}, abstract = {

Resumen. \– Carga ectoparasitaria de pichones de Calancate Com\ún (Aratinga a. acuticaudata,
Psittacidae). \– El Calancate Com\ún (Aratinga a. acuticaudata) se distribuye en Brasil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay y Argentina, donde nidifica en cavidades de \árboles maduros. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar los artr\ópodos que parasitan sus pichones en una poblaci\ón de Chaco y determinar prevalencia, intensidad y abundancia de los mismos. En 2006 y 2007 obtuvimos 24 pichones de diez nidos en la Reserva Provincial Loro Hablador. Los pichones fueron expuestos a vapores de acetato de etilo y luego agitamos el plumaje para desprender los par\ásitos. Asimismo, prospectamos algunos huecos con nidos. En laboratorio, identificamos los piojos masticadores Paragoniocotes anomalus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), Heteromenopon laticapitis y Psittacobrossus cf. anduzei (Phthiraptera: Menopodidae); el \ácaro Ornithonyssus bursa, las chinches hemat\ófagas Ornithocoris toledoi y Triatoma sordida, y larvas de mosca del g\énero Philornis. Este trabajo representa el primer registro de T. sordida, O. bursa y P. cf. anduzei parasitando Calancate Com\ún en Argentina, y el primer registro de Philornis sp. como par\ásito de loros en el pa\ís. Ornithonyssus bursa fue el par\ásito de mayor prevalencia (90\%), H. laticapitis el de mayor abundancia media (7 piojos/loro) y O. toledoi el de mayor intensidad (32.5 chinches/loro). Los hemat\ófagos aparecieron en edades m\ás tempranas (25 d\ías) que los penn\ífagos (35 d\ías). Son necesarios m\ás estudios a futuro para evaluar el impacto de estas especies sobre el desarrollo de pichones y \éxito reproductivo en el Calancate Com\ún.


Abstract. \– The Blue-crowned Parakeet (Aratinga a. acuticaudata) ranges through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina, where it nests in cavities of mature trees. Our objective was identify the arthropods parasitizing the nestlings in a population of Chaco and determine their prevalence, intensity and abundance. In 2006 and 2007, we studied 24 nestlings from ten nests in the Reserva Provincial Loro Hablador. We exposed nestlings to ethyl acetate vapors and then removed parasites by agitating feathers. Also, some tree holes with nests were visually prospected. In the laboratory, we identified the chewing lice Paragoniocotes anomalus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), Heteromenopon laticapitis, and Psittacobrossus cf. anduzei (Phthiraptera: Menopodidae), the mite Ornithonyssus bursa, the hematophagous bugs Triatoma sordida and Ornithocoris toledoi, and botfly Philornis sp. This is the first record of T. sordida, O. bursa, and P. cf. anduzei parasitizing Blue-crowned Parakeet in Argentina, and the first record of Philornis sp. parasitizing parrots in Argentina. Ornithonyssus bursa was the most prevalent (90\%), H. laticapitis had the highest mean abundance (7 lice/parrot), and O. toledoi the highest intensity parasite (32.5 bugs/parrot). Haematophagous species appeared at younger host ages (25 days) than penniphagous (35 days). Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of these species on the nestling development and breeding success in the Blue-crowned Parakeet. Accepted 15 October 2013.

}, keywords = {Blue-crowned Parakeet, botflies, Chewing lice, ectoparasites, haematopagous bug, mites, nestlings, Ornithocoris toledoi, Ornithonyssus bursa, Triatoma sordida.}, url = {https://sora.unm.edu/node/133373}, author = {Arambur{\'u},Rosana and Berkunsky,Igor and Formoso,Anah{\'\i} and Armando Conrado Cicchino} }