@article {96582, title = {UTILIZATION OF ANIMALS FROM CANADIAN WILDLIFE REHABILITATION HOSPITALS TO STUDY THE TAXONOMY AND ECOLOGY OF PARASITIC LICE (PHTHIRAPTERA) AND OTHER ECTOPARASITES}, journal = {Revista Chilena de Ornitolog{\'\i}a}, volume = {29}, year = {2023}, pages = {51-62}, abstract = {

Spanish title: Uso de animales tratados en centros canadienses de rehabilitaci\ón de fauna silvestre para estudiar la taxonom\ía y ecolog\ía de piojos par\ásitos (Phthiraptera) y otros ectopar\ásitos

RESUMEN. \– Examino las ventajas y desventajas de usar animales procedentes de hospitales canadienses de rehabilitaci\ón para estudiar la ecolog\ía y parasitolog\ía de ectopar\ásitos. Un estudio en Manitoba, Canad\á, incluy\ó animales recuperados entre 1993 y 2023 mediante la colaboraci\ón con hospitales de rehabilitaci\ón (\> 12 400 hospedadores). Gracias a esto acced\í a una considerable diversidad de aves y mam\íferos (296 especies). La muestra de muchas especies era grande y los individuos proced\ían de una amplia zona geogr\áfica. Ya que recuper\é animales eutanizados o que murieron en cuidados m\édicos, no deb\í sacrificar animales para muestrar rigurosamente ectopar\ásitos. Dado que la disponibilidad de animales fue variable, solo pude muestrear peque\ños n\úmeros (n \≤ 10) de muchas especies, y no tuve control sobre d\ónde o cu\ándo surgieron las muestras. Hay que considerar el sesgo causado por los animales j\óvenes y los que estuvieron enfermos o heridos un tiempo desconocido. Aunque la mayor\ía de los hospedadores tuvieron datos completos de su procedencia, hubo algunos con datos incompletos. El personal del hospital tuvo cuidados para evitar la contaminaci\ón cruzada de ectopar\ásitos y el contagio con pat\ógenos infecciosos cuando hab\ía muchas especies. En conclusi\ón, los hospitales de rehabilitaci\ón de fauna silvestre son un recurso valioso para estudiar ectopar\ásitos.
PALABRAS CLAVES: biodiversidad, ecolog\ía, interacciones hu\ésped-par\ásito, parasitolog\ía

ABSTRACT. \– I aim to examine the advantages and disadvantages of sourcing wildlife from Canadian rehabilitation hospitals to study ectoparasite ecology and parasitology. A survey conducted in Manitoba, Canada, has relied heavily on salvaged wildlife (\> 12 400 hosts) through collaboration with wildlife hospitals from 1993 to 2023. The advantages of this approach included access to a considerable bird and mammal diversity (296 species). Sample sizes for many species were large, and individuals came from a wide geographic area. I salvaged animals euthanized because of casualties or which died in care. Thus, I did not have to sacrifice animals for rigorous ectoparasite sampling. Because animals became available opportunistically, it was only possible for me to sample small numbers (n \≤ 10) of many species, and I had no control over where or when samples arose. It is necessary to consider biases from juvenile animals and, in some cases, from animals sick or injured for an unknown time. Although most hosts had comprehensive data on provenance, persons occasionally submitted animals with missing data. Hospital staff always exercised care to avoid cross-contamination of ectoparasites where many species arrived and avoid potentially infectious pathogens. In conclusion, wildlife rehabilitation hospitals are a valuable resource for ectoparasite research

Publisher\&$\#$39;s website: https://aveschile.cl/revista-rco/

}, keywords = {biodiversity, ecology, host-parasite interactions, parasitology.}, issn = {0719-7853}, url = {https://aveschile.cl/revista-chilena-de-ornitologia-vol-29-n-2-2023/}, author = {Terry D. Galloway} } @article {96423, title = {The effects of body condition score and colour morph of rock pigeons (Columba livia) on chewing louse infestations in Manitoba}, journal = {Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Manitoba}, volume = {78}, year = {2022}, pages = {25}, type = {One of the scientific programme abstract for the 2022 Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of Manitoba}, abstract = {

Taxonomy and infestation parameters of chewing lice have been well documented in Manitoba. The objectives of this research were to determine if there were relationships between body condition score or colour morph of rock pigeons (Columba livia) and the prevalence or mean intensity of their chewing louse infestations. xxxxxx

}, isbn = {0315-2}, url = {https://entsocmb.ca/pdf/Proceedings/ESMproceedings_V78.pdf}, author = {Mireille Krul and Madeleine Dupuis and Terry D. Galloway and Kateryn Rochon}, editor = {Kelsey L. Jones and Jason Gibbs} } @article {95761, title = {Spatial distribution of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) infesting Canada geese and mallards (Aves: Anatidae), in Manitoba, Canada}, journal = {The Canadian Entomologist }, volume = {154}, year = {2022}, month = {Aug-2022}, pages = {11 pp}, abstract = {

Canada geese, Branta canadensis (Linnaeus) (Anseriformes: Anatidae), and mallards, Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus (Anseriformes: Anatidae), are infested by several species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae). We examined the spatial distribution of lice upon these hosts. Hosts were dissected into five body regions: head and neck, wings, back, underside, and tail. Canada geese (n = 20) were infested with six species of lice. Anaticola anseris (Linnaeus) (n = 423) and Anatoecus spp. (n = 510) were restricted to the wings and head, respectively, whereas Ornithobius goniopleurus Denny (n = 1919) and Ciconiphilus pectiniventris (Harrison) (n = 757) were spread over multiple body regions. Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius) (n = 2) was present in insufficient numbers to reach conclusions about its distribution. Mallards (n = 8) were infested with four species of lice. Anaticola crassicornis (Scopoli) (n = 121) and Anatoecus dentatus (Scopoli) (n = 244) were restricted to the wings and head, respectively. Holomenopon maxbeieri Eichler (n = 52) infested multiple body regions, and Trinoton querquedulae (Linnaeus) (n = 27) were found mainly on the wings. Chewing lice infesting mallards and Canada geese partition their hosts in accordance with their own morphological and ecological requirements.

}, issn = {0008-347X, 1918-3240}, doi = {10.4039/tce.2022.27}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-entomologist/article/abs/spatial-distribution-of-chewing-lice-phthiraptera-menoponidae-philopteridae-infesting-canada-geese-and-mallards-aves-anatidae-in-manitoba-canada/C80350D8EC921F6918233E3534940D6E}, author = {Grossi, Alexandra A. and Terry D. Galloway} } @article {95405, title = {Infestation parameters for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) parasitising true thrushes (Aves: Passeriformes: Turdidae) in Manitoba, Canada}, journal = {The Canadian Entomologist}, volume = {153}, year = {2021}, month = {Jul-2021}, pages = {538{\textendash}555}, abstract = {

Seven species of Turdidae (Aves: Passeriformes) in Manitoba, Canada were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera) in 1993\–2019: Turdus migratorius (N = 570), Catharus ustulatus (N = 135), Catharus guttatus (N = 49), Catharus minimus (N = 12), Catharus fuscescens (N = 1), Sialia sialis (N = 4), and Sialia currucoides (N = 3). Five species of lice on T. migratorius had a prevalence of 24.0\% and a mean intensity of 16.7. Overall prevalence for lice on C. ustulatus, C. guttatus, and C. minimus was 25.0\%\–59.2\%; mean intensity was 7.0\–23.3. On S. sialis, the prevalence was 50.0\%; mean intensity was 10.0. No lice infested C. fuscescens or S. currucoides. Infestation parameters for each louse\–host combination are provided. Louse infestations were highly aggregated. Female lice were more prevalent than males, especially for Ricinus elongatus (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Ricinidae) infesting T. migratorius (eight males; 81 females), or there was no significant deviation from 50:50. Infestation parameters were higher for adult T. migratorius than for juveniles or feathered chicks but not significantly so. Mean intensity was greater in spring than in fall. Louse abundance was lower than on hosts of similar size in Manitoba and lower than on thrushes in other studies.

}, keywords = {Catharus fuscescens, Sialia currucoides}, issn = {0008-347X, 1918-3240}, doi = {10.4039/tce.2021.29}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-entomologist/article/abs/infestation-parameters-for-chewing-lice-phthiraptera-amblycera-ischnocera-parasitising-true-thrushes-aves-passeriformes-turdidae-in-manitoba-canada/F031FDCFAD6EA02C91D77B0AD31D2BFA}, author = {Terry D. Galloway and Lamb, Robert J. and Zoe D.L. Rempel} } @article {95298, title = {Menopon picicola: a new junior synonym of Menacanthus pici (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Menoponidae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4915}, year = {2021}, pages = {148 - 150}, abstract = {

Packard (1873) described Menopon picicola as a new species, based on ten lice taken from two species of woodpeckers of the genus Picoides\—P. arcticus (Swainson, 1832) and P. dorsalis Baird, 1858\—collected in Wyoming, U.S.A. in August 1872. Considering that (1) Packard (1873) neither designated a holotype nor a single type host, (2) his type material is most likely lost, and (3) no additional lice from either of those two species of Picoides have been reported in the literature, the taxonomic status of Menopon picicola has not been confirmed.

}, keywords = {Menopon picicola}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4915.1.11}, url = {https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4915.1.11}, author = {Ricardo L. Palma and Terry D. Galloway} } @article {95285, title = {Population Dynamics of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera) Infesting Birds (Aves)}, journal = {Annual Review of Entomology}, volume = {66}, year = {2021}, month = {01-2021}, pages = {209 - 224}, abstract = {

In the past 25 years, studies on interactions between chewing lice and their bird hosts have increased notably. This body of work reveals that sampling of live avian hosts, collection of the lice, and the aggregated distributions of louse infestations pose challenges for assessing louse populations. The number of lice on a bird varies among host taxa, often with host size and social system. Host preening behavior limits louse abundance, depending on bill shape. The small communities of lice (typically one\–four species) that live on individual birds show species-specific patterns of abundance, with consistently common and rare species, and lower year-to-year population variability than other groups of insects. Most species of lice appear to breed continuously on their hosts, with seasonal patterns of abundance sometimes related to host reproduction and molting. Competition may have led to spatial partitioning of the host by louse species, but seldom contributes to current patterns of abundance.

Full article can be obtained from publisher webpage http://www.annualreviews.org/eprint/C3E9XIVSXYZQ5CACDEHW/full/10.1146/annurev-ento-041420-075608

}, keywords = {abundance, ectoparasites, intensity, Prevalence, seasonality, stability}, issn = {0066-4170}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-ento-041420-075608}, url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/eprint/C3E9XIVSXYZQ5CACDEHW/full/10.1146/annurev-ento-041420-075608}, author = {Terry D. Galloway and Lamb, Robert J.} } @article {95213, title = {Description of the postembryonic stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg, 1896) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae){\textemdash}CORRIGENDUM}, journal = {The Canadian Entomologist}, volume = {152}, year = {2020}, month = {12-2020}, pages = {830 - 831}, abstract = {

This is the correction for publication: Description of the postembryonic stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg, 1896) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae)

Original publication see, http://phthiraptera.info/node/95135

}, issn = {0008-347X}, doi = {10.4039/tce.2020.66}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X20000668/type/journal_article}, author = {Kamila M. D. Kuabara and Michel Paiva Valim and Terry D. Galloway} } @article {95135, title = {Description of the postembryonic stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg, 1896) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae)}, journal = {The Canadian Entomologist}, volume = {152}, year = {2020}, month = {12-2022}, pages = {723-733}, abstract = {

The nymphs I, II, III, and adult male and adult female stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae), a monoxenous species of chewing louse infesting common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor (Forster) (Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae), in North America, are described. Line drawings of whole nymphs and adults are presented, as are details of anterior dorsal head plates, metasternal plates, female subvulvar plates, and male genitalia. Ontogenetic characters exhibited during the postembryonic development of this species of chewing louse are described and discussed in relation to previous information in the literature.

Please note a correction has been issue for this article. See http://phthiraptera.info/node/95213

}, issn = {0008-347X}, doi = {10.4039/tce.2020.54}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X20000541/type/journal_article}, author = {Kamila M. D. Kuabara and Michel Paiva Valim and Terry D. Galloway} } @article {94871, title = {Extensive host-switching of avian feather lice following the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event}, journal = {Communications Biology}, volume = {2}, year = {2019}, month = {11-2019}, pages = {6 pp}, type = {Open Access}, abstract = {

Nearly all lineages of birds host parasitic feather lice. Based on recent phylogenomic studies, the three major lineages of modern birds diverged from each other before the Cretaceous- Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction event. In contrast, studies of the phylogeny of feather lice on birds, indicate that these parasites diversified largely after this event. However, these studies were unable to reconstruct the ancestral avian host lineage for feather lice. Here we use genome sequences of a broad diversity of lice to reconstruct a phylogeny based on 1,075 genes. By comparing this louse evolutionary tree to the avian host tree, we show that feather lice began diversifying on the common ancestor of waterfowl and landfowl, then radiated onto other avian lineages by extensive host-switching. Dating analyses and cophylogenetic comparisons revealed that two of three lineages of birds that diverged before the K-Pg boundary acquired their feather lice after this event via host-switching.

Data availability

Data generated during this study are available through the Illinois Databank (https://doi.org/10.13012/B2IDB-0440388_V1)39. Raw read sequences are available in the NCBI SRA database (Supplementary Table 3).

}, keywords = {Feather lice, Galloanserae, Neoaves, Palaeognathae}, doi = {10.1038/s42003-019-0689-7}, url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-019-0689-7}, author = {Robert S. de_Moya and Julie M. Allen and Andrew D. Sweet and Kimberly K. O. Walden and Ricardo L. Palma and Vincent Stuart Smith and Stephen L. Cameron and Michel Paiva Valim and Terry D. Galloway and Jason D. Weckstein and Kevin P. Johnson} } @article {94835, title = {Infestation parameters of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) on bald eagles, Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae), in Manitoba, Canada}, journal = {The Canadian Entomologist}, year = {2020}, month = {12-2019}, pages = {1 - 9}, abstract = {

Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus); Accipitriformes: Accipitridae) from 92 locations in Manitoba were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) from 1992 to 2017. Bald eagles were salvaged from rehabilitation hospitals and were examined using two methods, dry-ruffling (n = 107) and washing (n = 40). We collected 39 066 bald eagle lice of four genera and six species: Colpocephalum flavescens (De Haan), C. napiforme (Rudow), C. turbinatum (Denny) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) (total for all Colpocephalum species = 18 082), Craspedorrhynchus halieti (Osborn) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) (n = 49), Degeeriella discocephalus (Burmeister) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) (n = 20 912), and Kurodaia fulvofasciata (Piaget) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) (n = 23). Quantitative data were collected on all genera with the comparison of washed to dry-ruffled. Colpocephalum flavescens and D. discocephalus dominated the louse populations, with similar prevalence and mean intensity. Both genera had sex ratios near 1.0, and similar nymph-to-female ratios near 3:1. The dry-ruffling method was relatively inefficient, collecting 11\% as many lice as the washing method. Total prevalence for dry-ruffled birds was 63\%; total mean intensity was 103.5, but for washed birds, the prevalence was 93\% with a mean intensity of 861.1. No Laemobothrion vulturis (Fabricius) (Phthiraptera: Laemobothriidae) were found.

}, issn = {0008-347X}, doi = {10.4039/tce.2019.67}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X19000671/type/journal_article}, author = {Christie D. Lavall{\'e}e and Terry D. Galloway and Kateryn Rochon} } @article {94834, title = {Stability of chewing louse (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) populations infesting great horned owls (Aves: Strigidae)}, journal = {The Canadian Entomologist}, year = {2020}, month = {12-2019}, pages = {1 - 10}, abstract = {

The annual abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) was recorded on great horned owls (Bubo virginianus (Gmelin), Aves: Strigidae) from 1994 to 2015 in Manitoba, Canada. Kurodaia magna Emerson (Amblycera: Menoponidae) had a mean annual abundance about half that for Strigiphilus oculatus (Rudow) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae). Mean intensity, rather than prevalence, explained the variation in annual abundance. Temporal variation (measured as population variability) in abundance and mean intensity were high and similar (0.62\–0.67), but lower for nymph to female ratio (0.36\–0.38). Temporal variation of prevalence and sex ratio were higher for K. magna (0.34\–0.35) than for S. oculatus (0.21\–0.22), and typical for other louse species. The high temporal variability for abundance and mean intensity suggest lower year-to-year stability than exhibited by other chewing lice, but over 80\% of this variability was due to sampling error resulting from small sample sizes in some years and extreme intensities in the aggregated distributions of intensity. The remaining variation, \< 20\%, revealed no significant differences in annual abundance or mean intensity among years, and therefore stable populations over 22 years. Populations of 12 species of chewing lice show lower temporal variability and therefore greater stability than three other insect taxa.

}, issn = {0008-347X}, doi = {10.4039/tce.2019.69}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X19000695/type/journal_article}, author = {Lamb, Robert J. and Terry D. Galloway} } @article {94778, title = {Host body size and the abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) infesting eight owl species (Aves: Strigiformes) in Manitoba, Canada}, journal = {The Canadian Entomologist}, volume = {151}, year = {2019}, month = {10-2019}, pages = {621 - 628}, abstract = {

Specimens (n = 508) of eight species of owl (Aves: Strigiformes) collected from 1994 to 2017 in Manitoba, Canada, were weighed and examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera). The relationship between host body mass and infestation by 12 species of lice was examined. Host body mass explained 52\% (P = 0.03) of the variation in mean intensity of louse infestation among hosts, due primarily to a high abundance of lice on the heaviest owl species. The relationship was due to the mean intensity of lice, and neither species richness nor the prevalence of lice was related to host body mass. For individual louse species, the relationship was due primarily to Kurodaia acadicae Price and Beer, Kurodaia magna Emerson, and an undetermined species of Kurodaia Uchida (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) (R2 = 0.997), but not the nine Strigiphilus Mj\öberg (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) species (R2 = 0.27). Louse intensity did not increase with body size for individual birds of any of the owl species. Mean intensity is expected to increase in proportion with the size, specifically the surface area, of the host. Why that relationship holds only for one louse genus, and not for the most abundant genus of lice on owls, and weakly compared with other families of birds, has yet to be determined.

}, issn = {0008-347X}, doi = {10.4039/tce.2019.43}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X19000439/type/journal_article}, author = {Lamb, Robert J. and Terry D. Galloway} } @article {94777, title = {Infestation parameters for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) infesting owls (Aves: Strigidae, Tytonidae) in Manitoba, Canada}, journal = {The Canadian Entomologist}, volume = {151}, year = {2019}, month = {July-2019}, pages = {608 - 620}, abstract = {

Eleven of the 12 species of owls (Aves: Strigidae, Tytonidae) known to occur in Manitoba, Canada, were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from 1976 to 2015: barn owl (Tyto alba (Scopoli); Aves: Tytonidae) (n = 2), snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 77), great horned owl (Bubo virginianus (Gmelin); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 262), great grey owl (Strix nebulosa F\örster; Aves: Strigidae) (n = 142), barred owl (Strix varia Barton; Aves: Strigidae) (n = 10), northern hawk owl (Surnia ulula (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 18), short-eared owl (Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 74), long-eared owl (Asio otus (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 67), eastern screech owl (Megascops aslo (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 59), boreal owl (Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 47), and northern saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadicus (Gmelin); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 44), a total of 802 owls. No lice were found infesting barn owl (Tyto alba (Scopoli); Aves: Tytonidae) or eastern screech owl (Megascops asio (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae). We collected a total of 113 810 lice of 12 species: Kurodaia Uchida (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) \– three species; and Strigiphilus Mj\öberg (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) \– nine species. Overall prevalence of infestation ranged from 10.0\% to 88.9\%. Mean intensity for total lice ranged from 22.4 to 506.5. Infestation parameters for each louse\–host combination are provided; prevalence and mean intensity were not related for louse\–host species combinations. Distribution of louse infestations was highly aggregated. In all louse\–host combinations but one, either females were more prevalent than males or there was no significant deviation from 50:50. Male Strigiphilus ceblebrachys Denny significantly outnumbered females in snowy owls. There was a tendency for louse species to co-occur on the same host specimen. Where sample sizes for owls were large enough, no seasonal patterns in abundance of lice were detected.

}, keywords = {Bubo scandiacus}, issn = {0008-347X}, doi = {10.4039/tce.2019.42}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X19000427/type/journal_article}, author = {Terry D. Galloway and Lamb, Robert J.} } @article {94384, title = {Abundance and stability of populations of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) infesting two species of woodpeckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae)}, journal = {The Canadian Entomologist}, volume = {150}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-04-2018}, pages = {180 - 189}, abstract = {

The annual abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) was recorded from 1996 to 2015 in Manitoba, Canada, on two species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae). Yellow-bellied sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus)) were infested with Menacanthus pici (Denny) (Amblycera: Menoponidae) and Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae); northern flickers (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus)) were also infested with M. pici, as well as two other Ischnocera, Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) and Picicola porisma Dalgleish. The mean annual abundance varied from nine to 51 lice per bird for the four species, with prevalence, mean intensity, sex ratio, and nymphs per female also varying among louse species. Menacanthus pici populations on both hosts were unstable: abundance rose over two decades because of increasing prevalence, whereas the abundance of the other three louse species fluctuated around a mean. Population variability was similar for the lice on both hosts, with the metric, PV, ranging from 0.41 to 0.51 on a 0\–1 scale, once the effect of the trend in abundance for M. pici had been removed. Although the population dynamics for species of lice on these two woodpeckers were distinct, inter-specific differences in population stability were less pronounced than observed in the few other species of bird lice studied in this way.

}, issn = {0008-347X}, doi = {10.4039/tce.2017.62}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X17000621/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0008347X17000621}, author = {Lamb, Robert J. and Terry D. Galloway} } @article {94314, title = {Abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) increases with the body size of their host woodpeckers and sapsuckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae)}, journal = {The Canadian Entomologist}, volume = {149}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-08-2017}, pages = {473 - 481}, abstract = {

Specimens of five species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae) from Manitoba, Canada, were weighed and examined for chewing lice, 1998\–2015: downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens (Linnaeus), n=49), hairy woodpecker (Picoides villosus (Linnaeus), n=23), pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus (Linnaeus), n = 10), northern flicker (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus), n = 170), and yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus), n = 239). The relationship between body mass of each host species and infestation by seven species of lice was analysed: Menacanthus pici (Denny) from all host species, Brueelia straminea (Denny) from Picoides Lac\ép\ède species, Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) from northern flicker, Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) from the other four hosts, Picicola porisma Dalgleish from northern flicker, Picicola snodgrassi (Kellogg) from Picoides species, and Picicola marginatulus (Harrison) from pileated woodpeckers. Mean abundance of lice increased with the mean mass of their host. Neither the species richness of lice nor the prevalence of lice were related to host body mass. Host body mass explained 98\% of the variation in mean intensity of louse infestation among hosts. The positive association of mean intensity and body size was also detected for three genera of lice. Louse intensity also increased with body size for individual birds, more so for some species of lice and hosts than others. Body size matters, but the adaptations that allow higher mean intensity on larger host species remain to be determined.

}, keywords = {Chewing lice, Manitoba, sapsuckers, woodpeckers}, issn = {0008-347X}, doi = {10.4039/tce.2017.18}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X17000189/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0008347X17000189}, author = {Terry D. Galloway and Lamb, Robert J.} } @article {68827, title = {Ectoparasites of nestling European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) from a nest box colony in Nova Scotia, Canada}, journal = {Journal of the Acadian Entomological Society}, volume = {10}, year = {2014}, month = {09/2014}, pages = {19 - 22}, type = {Note}, keywords = {ectoparasites, European starlings, Nova Scotia}, url = {http://www.acadianes.org/journal/papers/fairn_13-1.pdf}, author = {Fairn, Evan R. and Hornsby, Mark A.W. and Terry D. Galloway and Barber, Colleen A.} } @article {48186, title = {Serendipity with chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) infesting rock pigeons and mourning doves (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae) in Manitoba, with new records for North America and Canada}, journal = {Canadian Entomologist}, volume = {140}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, pages = {208 - 218}, abstract = {An extensive survey of chewing lice from rock pigeon, Columba livia Gmelin, and mourning dove, Zenaida macroura (L.), carried out from 1994 to 2000 and from 2003 to 2006 in Manitoba, Canada, produced the following new records: Coloceras tovornikae Tendeiro for North America; Columbicola macrourae (Wilson), Hohorstiella lata (Piaget), H. paladinella Hill and Tuff, and Physconelloides zenaidurae (McGregor) for Canada; and Bonomiella columbae Emerson, Campanulotes compar (Burmeister), Columbicola baculoides (Paine), and C. columbae (L.) for Manitoba. We collected 25,418 lice of four species (C. compar, C. columbae, H. lata, and C. tovornikae) from 322 rock pigeons. The overall prevalence of infestation was 78.9\%, 52.5\%, and 23.3\% for C. compar, C. columbae, and H. lata, respectively. Coloceras tovornikae was not discovered until 2003, after which its prevalence was 39.9\% on 114 pigeons. We collected 1116 lice of five species (P. zenaidurae, C. baculoides, C. macrourae, H. paladinella, and B. columbae) from 117 mourning doves. Physconelloides zenaidurae was encountered most often (prevalence was 36.7\%), while the prevalence of the other four species was 26.3\%, 18.4\%, 3.5\%,and 2.6\%, respectively. }, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/48186.pdf}, author = {Terry D. Galloway and Ricardo L. Palma} } @article {47783, title = {Ectoparasites (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae; Acari: Ixodidae) of Common Nighthawk, Chordeiles minor, and Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus (Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae), in Manitoba}, journal = {Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario}, volume = {137 (2006)}, year = {2007}, month = {2007}, pages = {5 - 11}, abstract = {

Samples of 103 salvaged Common Nighthawks (Chordeiles minor (Forster)) and seven Whip\–poor\–wills (Caprimulgus vociferous Wilson) were examined for ectoparasites in Manitoba during 1992-2004. Two nighthawks were infested with the rabbit tick, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard), and 64 (62.1\%) with the chewing louse, Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg), at a mean intensity of 13.5. Louse infestation fits a negative binomial distribution (k=0.299; mean/variance ratio=18.5); females outnumbered males in the total sample, males:females=0.66. Prevalence of infestation was lower in adult birds examined during May and June (37.5\%; n=16) than in mixed\–age birds examined from 31 July to December (64.7\%; n=85), though mean intensity was similar (17.7 versus 13.6, respectively). Two of seven Whip\–poor\–wills were infested with an undescribed Mulcticola sp.

}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46917.pdf}, author = {Terry D. Galloway} } @article {47070, title = {Ectoparasites of northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis (Procellariiformes: Procellariidae) from the Canadian Arctic}, journal = {Polar Biology}, volume = {29}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {353 - 357}, abstract = {

We studied the prevalence and intensity of infestation of ectoparasites on northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis L.) from a breeding colony in Arctic Canada in June\–August 2003. No fleas or ticks were found on any fulmars, but three species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) were recorded: Ischnocera: Perineus nigrolimbatus (Giebel 1874), Ischnocera: Saemundssonia occidentalis (Kellogg 1896), and Amblycera: Ancistrona vagelli (Fabricius 1787). Non-breeding birds had a higher prevalence of lice than breeding birds, and prevalence varied markedly among louse species. Our study is an important baseline for the occurrence of ectoparasites on northern fulmars in the high Arctic, a region undergoing extensive environmental change due to global warming, and an area where parasites are expected to extend ranges or increase in prevalence under changing annual temperature regimes.

}, keywords = {Survey}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46164.pdf}, author = {Mallory,Mark L. and Mark Forbes and Terry D. Galloway} } @article {45329, title = {Species packing in lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Mallophaga) infesting the sora, Porzana carolina (Aves: Rallidae)?}, journal = {Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Manitoba}, volume = {60}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, keywords = {fauna}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/8866.pdf}, author = {Terry D. Galloway} } @article {43305, title = {Lice (Phthiraptera) infesting Manitoba{\textquoteright}s provincial bird, the great gray owl, Strix nebulosa}, journal = {Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Manitoba}, volume = {58}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {33}, abstract = {

(S10) Terry D. GALLOWAY, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2. Lice (Phthiraptera) infesting Manitoba\’s provincial bird, the great gray owl, Strix nebulosa. Sixty-seven (61.5\%) of 109 Great Gray Owls salvaged from the Manitoba Wildlife Rehabilitation Organization and from Manitoba Conservation (1994-2002) were infested with Strigiphilus remotus at a mean intensity of 63.3 (1-867) lice per infested bird. Kurodaia magna infested 15 of 109 owls (12.8\%) at a mean of 68.5 per infested owl (1-238). Nine birds were infested with both S. remotus and K. magna. The implications of extracting information on the ectoparasite fauna of salvaged birds will be discussed.

}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/6673.pdf}, author = {Terry D. Galloway} } @article {40330, title = {Records of ectoparasites collected on ospreys from Ontario}, journal = {Journal of Wildlife Diseases}, volume = {33}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {373 - 376}, abstract = {

Ectoparasites were collected from ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) in four study areas within the Great Lakes basin of Ontario, Canada. Two parasitic mite (Acari) species, Bonnetella fusca and Analloptes sp., were collected from nestlings. One chewing louse (Mallophaga) Kurodaia haliaeeti was collected from nestlings and adults. Prevalence and intensity of K. haliaeeti were greater in the most northern of the four study areas. Bonnetella prevalence and intensity did not seem to vary greatly across the study areas. New range and host records are presented for B. fusca and Analloptes sp., respectively.

}, keywords = {bird, Bonnetella, ectoparasite, fusca, habiaeeti, Haliaetus, Kurodaia, osprey, Pandion, Survey}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/3058.pdf}, author = {Miller,M. J. R. and Ewins,P. J. and Terry D. Galloway} }