@article {46367,
	title = {Spectrum of activity of doramectin against cattle mites and lice},
	journal = {Veterinary parasitology},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1993},
	note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 7602745; 0 (Insecticides); 117704-25-3 (doramectin); 70288-86-7 (Ivermectin); ppublish},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {67 - 73},
	address = {NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {A series of 16 studies was conducted involving 288 cattle with naturally acquired or experimentally induced mite or louse infestations to evaluate the efficacy of doramectin. Four studies were conducted against the mite species Psoroptes bovis and two against the mite species Sarcoptes scabiei. Ten studies involved cattle with one or more of the following louse species: Damalinia bovis, Haematopinus eurysternus, Linognathus vituli and Solenopotes capillatus. In each study, a group of at least nine but not more than 25 cattle were randomly allocated to a control or a treated group. One group was treated with doramectin at 200 micrograms kg-1 and the other group received no medication. Mites or lice were quantified by species immediately before treatment and at weekly intervals for 4 weeks thereafter. Doramectin was 100\% efficacious against infestations of P. bovis, Sarcoptes scabiei, H. eurysternus, L. vituli and Solenopotes capillatus. The drug reduced infestations of D. bovis by a mean of 82\%.},
	keywords = {animals, Anoplura, cattle, Cattle Diseases, Injections, insecticide, Ivermectin/administration \& dosage/analogs \& derivatives/therapeutic use, Lice Infestations/drug therapy/veterinary, Mallophaga, Mite Infestations/drug therapy/veterinary, Scabies},
	isbn = {0304-4017},
	author = {Logan,N. B. and Weatherley,A. J. and Phillips,F. E. and Wilkins,C. P. and Shanks,D. J.}
}
@article {46369,
	title = {The efficacy of injectable and pour-on formulations of moxidectin against lice on cattle},
	journal = {Australian Veterinary Journal},
	volume = {70},
	year = {1993},
	note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 0370616; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Insecticides); 0 (Macrolides); 51570-36-6 (milbemycin); ppublish},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {212 - 213},
	address = {AUSTRALIA},
	abstract = {The efficacy of one administration of moxidectin against natural infestations of the 3 common species of cattle lice in Australia: Linognathus vituli, Damalinia bovis and Haematopinus eurysternus, was determined. A high degree of control of L vituli (the long-nosed sucking louse) was achieved with both the cattle injection (96.7\% and 100\%) at 0.2 mg/kg and the cattle pour-on formulation (94.6\% and 100\%) at 0.5 mg/kg on the 2 farms where this louse occurred. An injection of moxidectin at 0.2 mg/kg did not eliminate D bovis. In these trials efficacy ranged from nil to 85.2\%. In contrast the pour-on formulation at 0.5 mg/kg provided consistently high efficacy (83.6 to 100\%) against D bovis on 3 farms. Infestations of H eurysternus (the short-nosed sucking louse) were low and no significant difference was recorded between treatment groups in a single trial, however, lice persisted on 3 to 7 cattle in the untreated group at each inspection, whereas none were found on any animals in the 2 groups treated with moxidectin on inspection after treatment.},
	keywords = {Administration, Topical, animals, Anoplura, Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration \& dosage/therapeutic use, cattle, Cattle Diseases, Injections, insecticide, Lice Infestations/drug therapy/prevention \& control/veterinary, Macrolides, Mallophaga},
	isbn = {0005-0423},
	author = {Chick,B. and McDonald,D. and Cobb,R. and Kieran,P. J. and Wood,I.}
}
@article {46299,
	title = {Doramectin systemic activity against cattle grubs, Hypoderma lineatum and H. bovis (Diptera: Oestridae), and cattle lice, Bovicola bovis (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae), Linognathus vituli and Solenopotes capillatus (Anoplura: Linognathidae), and Haematopinu},
	journal = {Veterinary parasitology},
	volume = {63},
	year = {1996},
	note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 7602745; 0 (Insecticides); 117704-25-3 (doramectin); 70288-86-7 (Ivermectin); ppublish},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {307 - 317},
	address = {NETHERLANDS},
	abstract = {Seven individual trials were conducted in Wyoming to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of doramectin administered subcutaneously at a dosage of 200 micrograms kg-1 against multiple, natural infestations of cattle grubs or cattle lice. Insect species present and the number of trials that included each species were: Hypoderma lineatum, 2; Hypoderma bovis. 1; Bovicola bovis, 5; Haematopinus eurysternus, 1; Linognathus vituli, 5; and Solenopotes capillatus, 3. Examinations for lice were performed prior to treatment and either weekly or bi-weekly thereafter for 28 days. Examinations for cattle warbles were performed either weekly or every 4 to 5 weeks from time of first appearance through last appearance in the backs of the cattle. No H. lineatum, H. bovis, H. eurysternus, L. vituli, or S. capillatus were found on doramectin-treated animals at any time following treatment. By 28 days following treatment, the number of B. bovis was reduced between 58 and 98\%. Treatments applied later in the season, i.e. in March, were more efficacious against B. bovis than those applied in January or February.},
	keywords = {animals, Anoplura, cattle, Cattle Diseases, Hypodermyiasis, Injections, insecticide, Ivermectin/administration \& dosage/analogs \& derivatives/therapeutic use, Lice Infestations/drug therapy/parasitology/veterinary, Mallophaga, Seasons, Time Factors},
	isbn = {0304-4017},
	author = {Lloyd,J. E. and Kumar,R. and Waggoner,J. W. and Phillips,F. E.}
}
@article {46067,
	title = {Persistent activity of moxidectin pour-on and injectable against sucking and biting louse infestations of cattle},
	journal = {Veterinary parasitology},
	volume = {104},
	year = {2002},
	note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 7602745; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Insecticides); 0 (Macrolides); 51570-36-6 (milbemycin); ppublish},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {319 - 326},
	address = {Netherlands},
	abstract = {<p>To evaluate the persistent activity of pour-on and injectable moxidectin against natural challenge by sucking (predominantly Linognathus vituli) and chewing (Bovicola bovis) cattle lice, 96 mixed-breed calves that had been treated to remove all lice were blocked by body weight and randomly allocated to three treatments: untreated control, moxidectin at 500 microg/kg by topical application and moxidectin at 200 microg/kg by subcutaneous injection. Twelve pens were blocked into groups of four and randomly allocated to four challenge times: 14, 21, 28 and 35 days post-treatment. Treatment groups were assigned to challenge pens randomly. Two donor calves, with demonstrated infestations of both sucking and chewing lice, were introduced into each pen containing eight principal calves at the start of each challenge time. Donors remained in the challenge pen for 7 days. Principal calves were examined for lice, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after donor removal using a standardized hair-parting technique. Moxidectin injectable prevented re-infestation with L. vituli for up to 42 days, but did not provide persistent activity against B. bovis longer than 35 days post-treatment. Moxidectin pour-on demonstrated persistent activity against both B. bovis and L. vituli for 42 days.</p>
},
	keywords = {Administration, Topical, animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration \& dosage/pharmacology, cattle, Cattle Diseases, Injections, insecticide, Lice Infestations/prevention \& control/veterinary, Macrolides, Mallophaga, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t},
	isbn = {0304-4017},
	author = {Douglas D. Colwell}
}
@article {45943,
	title = {Persistent activity of moxidectin long-acting injectable formulations against natural and experimentally enhanced populations of lice infesting cattle},
	journal = {Veterinary parasitology},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2004},
	note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 7602745; 0 (Insecticides); 0 (Macrolides); 51570-36-6 (milbemycin); 2004/01/23 [received]; ppublish},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {215 - 227},
	address = {Netherlands},
	abstract = {A study was conducted under a common protocol in Wisconsin and Wyoming, USA, to evaluate therapeutic and persistent efficacy of two long-acting injectable formulations of moxidectin against lice populations infesting cattle. At each site, 30 beef calves were blocked into groups of three based on naturally acquired Linognathus vituli populations, then randomly assigned to treatments within blocks. Treatments, injected subcutaneously into the proximal third of the ear on Day 0, included saline, a long-acting oil-based formulation containing 10\% moxidectin given at the rate of 1 mg moxidectin/kg body weight (M10/1.0), or a long-acting oil-based formulation containing 15\% moxidectin given at the rate of 0.75 mg moxidectin/kg b.w. (M15/0.75). Species of sucking and chewing lice were quantified on nine predilection sites before treatment, then 28, 63, 98, 133 and 168 days after treatment. During intervals between lice counts after Day 28, study animals from the three treatment groups were commingled for 32 days with two lice-free sentinels plus four to six seeder calves with infestations of both sucking and chewing lice. Following each 32-day commingling interval, seeder and sentinel animals were removed, and principal animals were sorted into pens by treatment. Lice were quantified on sentinel animals on the day of removal, and lice were quantified on principal study animals 3 days after removal of sentinel and seeders. Moxidectin was generally not efficacious against Bovicola bovis in the injectable formulations tested, whereas Haematopinus eurysternus infestations were inadequate to judge product effectiveness. Based on geometric means, both M15/0.75 and M10/1.0 provided statistically significant therapeutic efficacy against existing infestations of L. vituli and Solenopotes capillatus (100\% efficacy on Day 28), and provided persistent protection against reinfestation with L. vituli and S. capillatus (efficacy >97\%) for at least 133 days following treatment.},
	keywords = {animals, cattle, Cattle Diseases, Injections, insecticide, Least-Squares Analysis, Lice Infestations/parasitology/prevention \& control/veterinary, Lice/growth \& development, Macrolides, Random Allocation},
	isbn = {0304-4017},
	author = {Cleale,R. M. and Lloyd,J. E. and Smith,L. L. and Grubbs,M. A. and Grubbs,S. T. and Kumar,R. and Amodie,D. M.}
}
@article {40293,
	title = {Efficacy of injectable doramectin against naturally acquired louse infestations on cattle},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research},
	volume = {39},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {401 - 404},
	abstract = {Twenty weaner calves were ranked on the basis of naturally acquired Linognathus vituli and Bovicola (Damalinia) bovis infestations and allocated to one of two equal groups. Calves in one group received doramectin (200 mcg/kg) by subcutaneous injection near the base of the ear while those in the second group were given 0.9\% sterile saline by the same route. Louse counts at 7 sites replicated on each side of the animals were carried out at the beginning of the trial and then at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 days post-treatment. By 7 days post-treatment the Linognathus vituli infestations were absent from all treated calves and all but 1 control animal. Up to Day 21, all treated animals remained louse-free. The doramectin-treated animals showed significant (P < 0.05) reductions in Bovicola (Damalinia) bovis infestations from 7 to 42 days post- treatment. Efficacies of 81.9, 98.6, 94.2, 99.3, and 95.4\% were obtained for Days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 respectively, when comparisons were made with non-treated animals for the same days.},
	keywords = {Bovicola, cattle, damalinia, efficacy, Injections, lice, Linognathus},
	author = {Watson,T. G. and Bishop,D. M. and Hooke,F. G. and A. C. G. Heath and Cole,D. J. W.}
}
