@article {95389, title = {External parasites of raptors (Falconiformes and Strigiformes): identification in an ex situ population from Mexico}, journal = {Revista de Biolog{\'\i}a Tropical}, volume = {59}, year = {2011}, month = {09-2011}, pages = {257-1264, }, abstract = {

Raptorial birds harbor a variety of ectoparasites and the mayority of them are host specific. The aim of this study was to identify the ectoparasites of captive birds of prey from Mexico, as well as to verify their impact in the health of infested birds. Raptorial birds were confiscated and kept in captivity at the Centro de Investigaci\ón y Conservaci\ón de Vida Silvestre (CIVS) in Los Reyes La Paz, Mexico State. Seventy-four birds of prey (66 Falconiformes and eigth Strigiformes) of 15 species were examined for the presence of ectoparasites. We examined both juvenile and adult birds from both sexes. The overall prevalence was 16.2\%; 66.7\% of raptors were infested with a single type of external parasite. Lice were the most prevalent ectoparasites (91.7\%), followed by feather mites and fleas (8.3\%). Degeeriella fulva (72.7\%), Craspedorrhynchus sp. (45.4\%) and Strigiphilus aitkeni (9.1\%) (Ischnocera, Philopteridae) were recovered from wings, head and neck regions of red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), Swainson\’s hawk (B. swainsoni), Harris\’s hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) and Barn owl (Tyto alba). Low lice infestation level was observed. Nymphs and females of feather mites Kramerella sp. (Pterolichoidea, Kramerellidae) were recovered solely from Barn owl (T. alba); while one Caracara (Caracara cheriway) was infested by the sticktight flea Echidnophaga gallinacea (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae). No clinical signs were observed in any infested bird. Probably the periodic use of organophosphorates was responsible of the low prevalence and lice infestation levels. The diversity of external parasites illustrates the importance of detailed revision of incoming and long-term captive raptors as part of responsible captive management. Five new hosts and geographic records are presented

Resumen

Las aves rapaces albergan una gran variedad de ectopar\ásitos y la mayor\ía de ellos son espec\íficos de acogida. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los ectopar\ásitos de aves de presa en cautiverio en M\éxico y verificar su impacto en la salud de las aves. Se estudiaron 74 rapaces (66 Falconiformes y ocho Strigiformes) de 15 especies, juveniles y adultos de ambos sexos que fueron confiscadas y mantenidas en el Centro de Investigaci\ón y Conservaci\ón de Vida Silvestre (CIVS) en Los Reyes La Paz (20\º22\’ N, 98\º59\’ W), estado de M\éxico. La prevalencia fue de 16.2\%; 66.7\% de las rapaces estaban infestadas por un \único tipo de ectopar\ásito. Los piojos fueron los m\ás prevalentes (91.7\%), seguidos por los \ácaros y las pulgas (8.3\%). Los piojos Degeeriela fulva (72.7\%), Craspedorhynchus sp. (45.4\%) y Strigiphilus aitkeni (9.1\%) fueron extra\ídos de las alas, cabeza y cuello de aguililla cola-roja (Buteo jamaicensis), aguililla migratoria (B. swainsoni), aguililla de Harris (Parabuteo unicinctus) y lechuza de campanario (Tyto alba). El \ácaro Kramerella sp. fue exta\ído de T. alba; mientras que un Caracara (Caracara cheriway) estaba infestado por la pulga Echidnophaga gallinacea. No se observaron signos cl\ínicos en ninguna de las aves infestadas. Probablemente el uso peri\ódico de organofosforatos fue el responsable de la baja prevalencia y de los niveles de ingesta de piojos. La diversidad de ectopar\ásitos identificados ilustra la importancia de una detallada revisi\ón de las rapaces en cautiverio. Cinco nuevos hospederos y registros geogr\áficos son presentados.

Palabras clave: aves de presa, piojos, \ácaros, pulgas, conservaci\ón, cautiverio.

}, keywords = {birds of prey, captivity, conservation, feather mites, fleas, lice}, url = {https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext\&pid=S0034-77442011000300026}, author = {Oliveira, Jaqueline Bianque and Tiziano Santos and Heber Santiago} }