@article {96469, title = {Epidemiology and therapeutic efficacy of a synthetic pyrethroid against Haematopinus tuberculatus (Phthiraptera: Haematopinidae) in Bubalus bubalis}, journal = {Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society}, volume = {73}, year = {2022}, month = {Jul-10-2022}, pages = {4219-4226}, abstract = {

Lice (Insecta: Pthiraptera) are common ectoparasite of buffalos (Bubalis bubalis) causing huge economic loss. An epidemiological survey was conducted in selected tehsils (administrative division) of Faisalabad district to determine the prevalence of lice infestation and the efficacy of cypermethrin (CYP) against lice infestation in buffalos. To determine the efficacy of CYP, 40 lice-infested buffaloes were divided into two groups i.e. drug-treated group and control group (each group contains 20 animals). Cypermethrin drug was used as pour-on at day 0 and lice counts were conducted on days 0, 7, 21, 35, 49, and 63 from predilection sites of each animal. Only one species of sucking louse Haematopinus tuberculatus was found in buffalo population of Faisalabad district. The overall prevalence of lice infestation was 37.76\%. The variable like age and sex showed significant (P\<0.05) variation of lice infestation while breed showed insignificant variation. Among extrinsic factors, seasons, floor pattern, and feeding system showed significant association (P\<0.05) with lice infestation, while animal keeping as free or tethered and tehsils showed an insignificant association. On day 7, 100\% effective results were obtained while 99.6\% at day 21 and 100\% from day 35 till day 63. No clinical adverse reaction was observed during this trial and cypermethrin was found efficacious. Based on these results it can be concluded that cypermethrin is an effective drug against lice infestation.

}, keywords = {buffalo, cypermethrin, efficacy, Prevalence}, issn = {2585-3724, 1792-2720}, doi = {10.12681/jhvms.27120}, url = {https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/jhvms/article/view/27120}, author = {Muhammad Sajid and Asif Iqbal and Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan and Naz,Saima and Mahvish Maqbool and Muhammad Abdullah Malik and Muhammad Jawad-ul-Hassan} } @article {96238, title = {IN VITRO OVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF COMBINATION Illicium verum EXTRACT AND COCONUT OIL AGAINST Pediculus humanus capitis}, journal = {International Conference on Agromedicine and Tropical Diseases}, volume = {3}, year = {2020}, month = {Nov-30-2020}, pages = {55-57}, abstract = {

Permethrin is still the main therapy for human head infestation Pediculosis capitis in several countries, including Indonesia. However, permethrin is not effective for the egg stage. Therefore, alternative therapy from herbs is needed for the treatment of head lice which is effective for both egg and adult stage. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Illicium verum extract and coconut oil formula against eggs of head lice. An in vitro immersion test was applied with four treatment groups (Illicium verum extract and coconut oil formula with four different compositions) as well as a negative control group (distilled water) and a positive control group (permethrin 1\%) against eggs of head lice. The eggs of head lice were immersed for 0.5, 1, or 2 min in 1 ml of each solution. Mortality rates of the eggs were recorded after 5 days of incubation. The formula of Illicium verum extract and palm oil with composition 60:40 had the best efficacy with a mortality rate of head lice eggs reached 86,67\%, after immersion for 2 minutes. The combination of Illicium verum extract and coconut oil could be an alternative ovicide, but this formula requires precise composition which can be applied for Pediculus humanus capitis.

}, keywords = {efficacy, head lice, Illicium verum, ovicide, palm oil}, issn = {2716-4020, 2721-1312}, doi = {10.19184/icatd.v3i1.24132}, url = {https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/ICATD/article/view/24132}, author = {Yunita Armiyanti and Anzil Aziza and Ika Rahmawati Sutejo} } @article {94762, title = {Efficacia della deltametrina pour-on (BUTOX{\textregistered} 7,5 Pour-On) per il controllo di Haematopinus tuberculatus nel bufalo di razza Mediterranea Italian (Bubalus bubalis)}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

Paper in Italian.

RIASSUNTO
\È stata condotta una prova controllata di campo per valutare l\’efficacia della deltametrina pour-on (BUTOX\® 7,5 Pour-on, MSD Animal Health) contro Haematopinus tuberculatus nel bufalo di razza Mediterranea Italiana (Bubalus bubalis) valutando anche l\’influenza del trattamento sulla produzione di latte. La prova \è stata effettuata in due allevamenti bufalini della provin- cia di Salerno con soggetti in lattazione naturalmente infestati da H. tuberculatus. In ogni allevamento sono state selezionate 45 femmine in lattazione e suddivise in 3 gruppi di 15 soggetti cadauno, omogenei per et\à, produzione di latte e carica paras- sitaria: Gruppo DELTA 1, Gruppo DELTA 2, Gruppo CONTROLLO.
La conta dei pidocchi \è stata eseguita direttamente sugli animali ai giorni -1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77 e 84 dal trat- tamento in \“siti specifici\” di conta. I trattamenti sono stati effettuati con deltametrina applicata pour-on al dosaggio di 75 mg/capo (Gruppo DELTA 1) e al dosaggio di 150 mg/capo (Gruppo DELTA 2). L\’efficacia del trattamento, espressa in termini di percentuale di riduzione della popolazione parassitaria, \è risultata pari a 99,1\% nel Gruppo DELTA 1 e 100\% nel Gruppo DELTA 2, e i due gruppi sottoposti a trattamento hanno fatto registrare un aumento statisticamente significativo (P\<0,05) nel- la produzione di latte rispetto al Gruppo CONTROLLO. Durante le prime ore del trattamento e nel prosieguo della prova nes- sun effetto indesiderato \è stato osservato nei soggetti trattati con deltametrina dimostrando un\’ottima tollerabilit\à del farma- co nella specie bufalina.
PAROLE CHIAVE
Deltametrina, Bufalo Mediterraneo, Bubalus bubalis, Haematopinus tuberculatus, produzione latte.

Introduction - The sucking louse Haematopinus tuberculatus is a harmful ectoparasite found on water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Louse infestation often leads to skin irritation, anemia, anorexia, restlessness and reduced productivity. Specific treatments for lice control are uncommon throughout the world; however, deltamethrin is used to control ectoparasites in farm animals and is considered the most effective among synthetic pyrethroids. Aims - The present paper reports the results of a field trial conducted in two buffalo farms in southern Italy to assess the efficacy of deltamethrin pour-on against the sucking louse H. tuberculatus and the influence of treatment on milk yield. Materials and methods - The trial was conducted between March and September 2016. The parasitological investigation was performed on 45 lactating buffaloes, 15 belonging to the Control Group, 15 belonging to the DELTA 1 Group (treated with deltamethrin pour-on at the dosage of 75 mg/head) and 15 belonging to DELTA 2 Group (treated with deltamethrin pour-on at the dosage of 150 mg/head). The groups were homogeneous for number of lice, age and milk production. Louse counts were performed on days-1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77 and 84 at thirteen predilection sites on the skin of each buffalo. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA one way test, by Graphpad Prism 5. Results and discussion - In terms of percent lice reduction, deltamethrin pour-on was highly effective in DELTA 1 Group (100\% in farm no. 1 and 99.1\% in farm no. 2) and 100\% in DELTA 2 Group (in both farms). A significantly (P\<0.05) higher milk yield was recorded in both treated groups (DELTA 1 and DELTA 2) compared to the control group. No differences were observed between the two groups. During the trial, deltamethrin was well tolerated by all animals, demonstrating an optimal tolerability of the drug in the buffalo species.

Conclusions - The availability of deltamethrin in a pour-on formulation for buffaloes during the lactating stage would be highly beneficial to buffalo farmers who derive an important part of their income from buffalo milk.

}, keywords = {anaemia, anorexia, buffalo milk, Deltamethrin, ectoparasites, efficacy, Infestation, milk yield, milk yielding animals, profitability, pyrethroids, skin}, url = {https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20183224582}, author = {A. Bosco and M.E. Morgoglione and A. Amades and I. Masiello and P. Antenucci and G. Cringoli and L. Rinald} } @article {94713, title = {Comparative Study of Efficacy of Using Mayonnaise and Hair Shampoo in the Control of Head Lice among Elementary School Students}, journal = {American Journal of Nursing Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2018}, month = {Dec 2018}, pages = {446 - 453}, abstract = {

Abstract Background and objective: Head lice are expensive and difficult to eradicate, causing much frustration for families, providers, and communities. In order to develop procedures for the care of affected school students with head lice, the researchers (a) assessed the prevalence of head lice infestation rate in primary school students, and the mothers\’ and teachers\’ knowledge of head lice infestation and its control measures, and (b) compared the effect of using mayonnaise and hair Shampoo to control head lice among elementary school students. Materials and Methods: An experimental design was used to conduct the study. Ten primary schools in Al Riyadh were identified using the cross-sectional study during 2015 and 2016. Five hundred (500) students, chosen through a multi-stage systematic random sample, participated and were randomly divided into two groups. Mayonnaise and hair Shampoo was applied to the first and second group respectively as a treatment for head lice. For all statistical analyses, SPSS version 20 were used. Results: using Mayonnaise helped in dismissing head lice was faster among all age groups of girls, none of the girls stayed infected beyond 8 and more days. The Total (82.0\% ) of girls recovered from infection between 6 to 8 days as compared to only (15.2\%) as total among the hair Shampoo group with the same age group. Conclusion: The study shed light on the effectiveness of mayonnaise in the obliteration of head lice. Additional studies should be carried out to ensure the success of mayonnaise in overcoming the lice problem.

}, keywords = {Comparative Study, Control, efficacy, elementary school students, hair shampoo, head lice, mayonnaise}, issn = {2378-5594}, doi = {10.12691/ajnr-6-6-12}, url = {http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajnr/6/6/12/index.html}, author = {Nehal A. Allam and Wafa A. Al-Megrin and Lamya A. Alkeridis} } @article {94495, title = {Efficacy of fluralaner (Bravecto{\texttrademark} chewable tablets) for the treatment of naturally acquired Linognathus setosus infestations on dogs}, journal = {Parasites \& Vectors}, volume = {10}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-12-2017}, pages = {7 pp}, chapter = {426}, abstract = {

Background: The clinical efficacy of fluralaner chewable tablets (BravectoTM, MSD Animal Health) against naturally acquired Linognathus setosus infestations on dogs was evaluated compared with permethrin (Exspot\®, MSD Animal Health) treatment.
Methods: Privately-owned dogs naturally infested with L. setosus from 21 different households were randomly allocated to two treatment groups. Fourteen dogs were treated once orally with fluralaner and ten dogs were treated once topically with permethrin, at the recommended label dose. Live L. setosus on all dogs were counted before treatment and 1, 7, 28 (both groups) and 84 (fluralaner group) days post-treatment according to a coat parting technique at pre-specified locations and lice species were confirmed microscopically. At the same time points, a veterinary dermatology severity score and an owner\’s perceived pruritus score were recorded.
Results: Percentage reduction in geometric mean L. setosus counts, comparing post- with pre-treatment counts within each group, were 85.7\% (day 1), 96.8\% (day 7) and 100\% (days 28 and 84) for the fluralaner (two-sided two-sample t-test, P \≤ 0.0088 for days 1\–84) and 67.5\% (day 1), 90.3\% (day 7) 99.1\% (day 28) for the permethrin group (two-sided two-sample t-test, P \≤ 0.0014 for days 7\–28). No lice were seen on fluralaner-treated dogs 28 and 84 days post-treatment. In contrast, two permethrin-treated dogs were re-treated at 7 and 28 days after initial treatment because of observed lice. Owner\’s perceived pruritus scores were reduced compared to pre-treatment levels by 23.8\% (day 1), 31.1\% (day 7), 70.4\% (day 28) and 99.5\% (day 84) after fluralaner treatment and 21.3\% (day 1), 45.8\% (day 7), and 78.1\% (day 28) after permethrin treatment. Dermatological signs were improved compared to pre-treatment levels in both treatment groups.
Conclusions: Single oral fluralaner treatment eliminated natural L. setosus infestation on dogs within 28 days and led to complete dermatological recovery that was maintained until the study end on day 84. Single topical permethrin treatment reduced the number of L. setosus by 99.1\% at day 28 although two animals required unscheduled re-treatment.

}, keywords = {Bravecto {\texttrademark}, Chewable tablets, dog, efficacy, Exspot{\textregistered}, Fluralaner, lice, oral, Permethrin, topical}, doi = {10.1186/s13071-017-2344-9}, url = {http://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-017-2344-9}, author = {Heike Kohler-Aanesen and Seppo Saari and Rob Armstrong and Karine P{\'e}r{\'e} and Janina Taenzler and Eva Zschiesche and Anja R Heckeroth} } @article {47049, title = {A rapid method for sampling for Damalinia (Bovicola) bovis L. on cattle, and its use in a comparison of the effectiveness of "Gammexane" and D.D.T. against this parasite}, journal = {Annals of tropical Medicine and Parasitology}, volume = {46}, year = {1952}, month = {1952}, pages = {4 - 24}, keywords = {Bovicola, bovis, Control, DDT, efficacy}, author = {Bertram,D. S. and Roberts,E. W. and Edwards,M.} } @article {47009, title = {A comparative trial of a malathion lotion and malathion shampoo in the treatment of head lice}, journal = {Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health}, volume = {97}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {291}, keywords = {efficacy, Pediculosis, shampoo}, author = {Preston,S. and Fry,L.} } @article {46982, title = {The methodology and operation of a pilot randomized control trial of the effectiveness of the Bug Busting method against a single application insecticide product for head louse treatment}, journal = {Public Health}, volume = {114}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {265 - 268}, abstract = {A Department of Health leaflet suggests two treatment methods for head lice: mechanical removal by wet combing; and insecticide lotion/rinses. However, there are no reports in the literature comparing the effectiveness of these two treatment methods and well controlled clinical trials of insecticide treatments are sparse. A pilot randomized control trial of the effectiveness of a specific method of wet combing, {\textquoteright}Bug Busting{\textquoteright}, against a single application of a proprietary insecticide product is reported. The difficulties of designing a trial are discussed and modifications that would allow a definitive trial to take place are suggested. The pilot study included enzyme analysis of lice for insecticide resistance status assessment.}, keywords = {Control, efficacy, Pediculosis}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46067.pdf}, author = {Bingham,P. and Kirk,S. and Hill,Nigel and Figueroa,Jos{\'e}} } @article {45807, title = {Pharmacists: beware of nonpediculicides for lice}, journal = {Drug Topics}, volume = {6}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {42}, keywords = {Control, efficacy, Pediculosis}, author = {Kate,D. T.} } @article {45804, title = {Treatment of pediculosis pubis. Clinical comparison of efficacy and tolerance to 1\% lindane shampoo vs 1\% permethrin creme rinse}, journal = {Archives of Dermatology}, volume = {123}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {1315 - 1319}, keywords = {crabs, efficacy, lindane, Permethrin}, author = {Kalter,D. C. and Sperber,J. and Rosen,T. and Matarasso,S.} } @article {45782, title = {Why rotating insecticides for the treatment of head lice is expensive nonsense}, journal = {Shared Wisdom}, volume = {1}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {3 - 6}, keywords = {Control, efficacy, Pediculosis}, author = {Ibarra,Joanna} } @article {45726, title = {Efficacy of invermectin for the treatment of head lice (Pediculosis capitis)}, journal = {Tropical Medicine and Parasitology}, volume = {45}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {253 - 254}, keywords = {Control, efficacy, invermectin, Pediculosis}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/44444.pdf}, author = {Glaziou,P. and Nyguyen,L. N. and Moulia-Pelat,J. P. and Cartel,J. L. and Martin,P. M.} } @article {40393, title = {Effect of topical ivermectin and moxidectin for naturally acquired Damalinia bovis infestations in cattle treated under winter conditions in Canada}, journal = {Veterinary Record}, volume = {143}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {80 - 81}, keywords = {efficacy, formulations, lice}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.143.3.80}, url = {https://bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1136/vr.143.3.80}, author = {Polley,L. R. and Wagner,Brent and Ward,T. I. and Campbell,J. R.} } @article {40361, title = {An assessment of topical and oral prescription and over-the- counter treatments for head lice}, journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology}, volume = {38}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {979 - 982}, abstract = {A plethora of head lice cases that require optimal therapeutic assessments are developing in elementary schools. Over-the- counter therapies continue to be the mainstream solution for most cases of pediculosis capitis, but the onset of resistant cases dictates a review of available treatment modalities. The increased efficacy of prescription drugs, namely topical 5\% permethrin and oral ivermectin, underline the expanding role that physicians will serve in the eradication of head lice in our communities.}, keywords = {clinical, Control, efficacy, Ivermectin, Pediculosis capitis, Pediculus, Scabies, therapy}, author = {Craig G. Burkhart and Burkhart,Craig N. and Burkhart,K. M.} } @article {40351, title = {Evaluation of the protective efficacy of doramectin against sucking lice of cattle}, journal = {Veterinary Parasitology}, volume = {72}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {91 - 99}, abstract = {The protective efficacy of doramectin against sucking lice was evaluated under natural challenge conditions in Canada. Two studies with a similar experimental design were conducted in sequence. In each study, two groups of louse-free cattle received either doramectin at a dose of 200 CLg/kg by subcutaneous injection or no treatment and were then mixed with louse-infested animals for the winter housing period. All animals were examined for lice on treatment day and thereafter at weekly intervals for 13 weeks. In the preliminary study, acquisition of infestation in the face of a very mild challenge of Linognathus vituli was delayed by a mean period of 49 days in doramectin-treated animals compared with untreated controls. The difference in the delay between the groups was significant (P less than or equal to 0.04). In the second study, test animals experienced a moderate challenge of a mixed infestation of L. vituli and Solenopotes capillatus. Acquisition of infestation was delayed by a mean period of 25.6 days in doramectin-treated animals compared with controls, the difference between the two groups being highly significant (P less than or equal to 0.0001). These studies confirmed the protective efficacy of doramectin against sucking lice under natural challenge conditions showing that infestation is prevented for a period of about 4 weeks following administration of the drug at its recommended dose. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.}, keywords = {Anoplura, Calves, cattle, efficacy, lice, linognathus vituli, Mallophaga}, author = {Villeneuve,A. and Daigneault,J.} } @article {40316, title = {Lice and scabies: new clinical and therapeutic developments}, journal = {Presse Medicale}, volume = {26}, year = {1997}, note = {French Review YH631 PRESSE MEDICALE}, month = {1997}, pages = {1682 - 1686}, abstract = {Recrudence: There has been a recent upturn oi ectoparasitic infections, pediculosis and human scabies. Body lice: Trench lever due to Bartonella quintana infections has been recently reported in socially disadvantaged subjects, with endocarditis in several cases. Treatment of pediculosis: Agents must be effective both against adult lice and nits. Pyrthroid and malathion are the most widely used agents, but resistance has been reported and it is recommended to change to another class oi drugs ii a well-conducted treatment is unsuccessful. Unsual forms of scabies: The incidence oi generalised scaly scabies is increasing, particularly in patients with retroviral infections (HIV, HTLV-I). Atypical bullous forms similar to pseudo- pemphigoid bullae have been described in elder subjects. I Special attention: Relapse of scabies with scalp involvement requires systematic treatment. The efficacy of oral ivermectin is strongly counter-balanced by the associated overmortality.}, keywords = {efficacy, head, Ivermectin, lice, Malathion, Pediculosis capitis}, author = {Gallais,V. and BourgaultVillada,I. and Chosidow,Olivier} } @article {40306, title = {Resolution of scatter cockle on pickled pelts and crust leather after treatment of lambs to remove lice}, journal = {Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists}, volume = {81}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {94 - 97}, abstract = {Shower dipping with a diazinon-based product gave rapid and complete eradication of lice. The effect of treatment with a synthetic pyrethroid pour-on product was not as rapid or complete. Pickled pelts showed much less cockle within four weeks of either diazinon or synthetic pyrethroid treatment, but the residual effects of cockle on crust leather remained on some skins for at least 24 weeks after even the most effective treatment for lice.}, keywords = {Bovicola, efficacy, sheep}, author = {Cooper,S. M. and Passman,A.} } @article {40299, title = {Update on therapy: Ivermectin is available for use against lice}, journal = {Infections in Medicine}, volume = {14}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {689 - 689}, keywords = {clinical, ectoparasite, efficacy, Pediculus, Scabies}, author = {Burkhart,K. M. and Burkhart,Craig N. and Craig G. Burkhart} } @article {40293, title = {Efficacy of injectable doramectin against naturally acquired louse infestations on cattle}, journal = {New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research}, volume = {39}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {401 - 404}, abstract = {Twenty weaner calves were ranked on the basis of naturally acquired Linognathus vituli and Bovicola (Damalinia) bovis infestations and allocated to one of two equal groups. Calves in one group received doramectin (200 mcg/kg) by subcutaneous injection near the base of the ear while those in the second group were given 0.9\% sterile saline by the same route. Louse counts at 7 sites replicated on each side of the animals were carried out at the beginning of the trial and then at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 days post-treatment. By 7 days post-treatment the Linognathus vituli infestations were absent from all treated calves and all but 1 control animal. Up to Day 21, all treated animals remained louse-free. The doramectin-treated animals showed significant (P < 0.05) reductions in Bovicola (Damalinia) bovis infestations from 7 to 42 days post- treatment. Efficacies of 81.9, 98.6, 94.2, 99.3, and 95.4\% were obtained for Days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 respectively, when comparisons were made with non-treated animals for the same days.}, keywords = {Bovicola, cattle, damalinia, efficacy, Injections, lice, Linognathus}, author = {Watson,T. G. and Bishop,D. M. and Hooke,F. G. and A. C. G. Heath and Cole,D. J. W.} } @article {40286, title = {Eprinomectin: a novel avermectin for use as a topical endectocide for cattle}, journal = {International Journal for Parasitology}, volume = {26}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {1237 - 1242}, abstract = {Eprinomectin (MK-397 or 4{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}-epi-acetylamino-4{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}-deoxy- avermectin B-1) is a novel avermectin selected for development as a topical endectocide for all cattle, including lactating dairy cows. Herein, we show its anthelmintic, insecticidal and miticidal activity. To determine its anthelmintic capabilities, eprinomectin was tested topically on Jersey calves at 0.08, 0.2, or 0.5 mg kg(-1) in a probe formulation against experimental infections of adult Haemonchus placei, Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, Cooperia oncophora, C. punctata, Nematodirus helvetianus, Oesophagostomum radiatum and Dictyocaulus viviparus. Eprinomectin removed greater than or equal to 99\% and greater than or equal to 98\% of the adult stage of every species at the 0.5 and 0.2 mg kg(-1) dosage levels, respectively. The lowest dosage (0.08 mg kg(-1)) produced maximal or near maximal efficacy against most of the adult endoparasites with the exception of T. colubriformis (87\%) and C. oncophora (88\%). In a separate test, eprinomectin was evaluated topically against the immature stages of these species at the same dosages. Results showed greater than or equal to 99\% and greater than or equal to 98\% of the adult stage of every species at the 0.5 and 0.2 mg kg(-1) dosage levels, respectively. The 0.08 mg kg(-1) dosage maintained greater than or equal to 97\% efficacy against 6 species with reduced activity against H. placei (42\%) and N. helvetianus (66\%). For ectoparasites, eprinomectin was tested topically at 0.16, 0.24, 0.32 or 0.5 mg kg(-1) on mixed breed cattle naturally infested with the sucking louse, Linognathus vituli. Complete elimination of lice at all dosages was observed by day 14. Topical delivery of eprinomectin at 0.16, 0.24, 0.32 or 0.5 mg kg(-1) to Holstein calves experimentally challenged with horn fly, Haematobia irritans, produced 100\% efficacy to challenge by week 2 post-treatment in all dosage groups and 94\% and 99\% efficacy to challenge at the 0.32 and 0.5 mg kg(-1) dosage groups, respectively, at week 4. Topical delivery of eprinomectin at 0.16, 0.24 or 0.5 mg kg(-1) to Deutsches Fleckvieh cattle infested with mange mites, Chorioptes bovis, produced greater than or equal to 95\% control at all dosage levels by day 14 post-treatment and was maintained at or near this efficacious level for the 6-week duration of the trial. No adverse reaction was observed in any animal in any of these tests. In summary, these experimental data indicate that eprinomectin is an excellent broad-spectrum endectocide for cattle and is suitable far topical delivery.}, keywords = {avermectins, efficacy, spectrum}, author = {Shoop,W. L. and Egerton,J. R. and Eary,C. H. and Haines,H. W. and Michael,B. F. and Mrozik,H. and Eskola,P. and Fisher,M. H. and Slayton,L. and Ostlind,D. A. and Skelly,B. J. and Fulton,R. K. and Barth,D. and Costa,S. and Gregory,L. M. and Campbell,W. C. and Seward,R. L. and Turner,M. J.} } @article {40285, title = {Medicated shampoos}, journal = {Clinics in Dermatology}, volume = {14}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {123 - 128}, keywords = {dermatitis, Double Blind, efficacy, head, lice, mode, seborrheic, selenium, sulfide, zinc}, author = {Shapiro,J. and Maddin,S.} } @article {39738, title = {New indications for ivermectin}, journal = {Revue De Medecine Interne}, volume = {22}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {379 - 384}, abstract = {Introduction. - Ivermectin is a semi-synthetic derivative of a family of macrocyclic lactones. This drug has a broad-spectrum anti-parasitic effect against various nematodes and ectoparasites. Current knowledge and key-points. - Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis are common indications. More recently ivermectin has been recommanded in the treatment of strongyloidiasis and scabies. Future prospects and projects. - Promising results have been shown in the treatment of ascariasis, cutaneous larva migrans, loiasis and head lice. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.}, keywords = {albendazole, ascariasis, ectoparasite, efficacy, head, infections, Ivermectin, larva, larva migrans, lice, loiasis, migrans, Onchocerca, randomized, Scabies, strongyloidiasis, trial}, author = {Caumes,E. and Danis,M.} } @article {39739, title = {Scabies and pediculosis}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {355}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {819 - 826}, abstract = {Scabies and pediculosis are ubiquitous, contagious, and debilitating parasitic dermatoses. They have been known since antiquity and are distributed worldwide. Clusters of infestation occur-for example, scabies affecting immunocompromised individuals or patients and staff in hospitals and nursing homes for the elderly, and pediculosis affecting schoolchildren or homeless people. Associations with other disorders are common: infections with human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus I (HTLV-1) and HIV are associated with scabies, and trench fever and exanthematous typhus with pediculosis. Specific forms of scabies, including bullous scabies or localised crusted scabies, may be misdiagnosed. Moreover, definitive parasitic diagnosis can be difficult to obtain, and the value of new techniques remains to be confirmed. Difficulties in management have returned scabies and pediculosis to the limelight.}, keywords = {capitis, cream, crusted, efficacy, epidemic, head, Ivermectin, lice, lindane, norwegian, Permethrin, resistance, Scabies, schoolchildren, typhus}, author = {Chosidow,Olivier} } @article {39723, title = {Ectoparasitoses (pediculosis and scabies): therapeutics}, journal = {Annales De Dermatologie Et De Venereologie}, volume = {126}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {755 - 761}, keywords = {capitis, crusted, efficacy, head, Ivermectin, lice, Malathion, norwegian, resistance, Scabies, scalp}, author = {Becherel,P. A. and Barete,S. and Frances,C. and Chosidow,Olivier} }