@article {40405,
	title = {High host specificity of Crataerina melbae (Diptera : Hippoboscidae) in a mixed colony of birds},
	journal = {Journal of Parasitology},
	volume = {84},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {198 - 200},
	abstract = {<p>We looked for louse flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) in a mixed colony of 9 species of birds from 1991 to 1997. Alpine swifts (Apus melba) exhibited an unusually high prevalence (85.9\%) by Crataerina melbae (Rondani, 1879). No birds from the other 8 breeding bird species were parasitized by this louse fly. We suggest that the number of potential swiftlike hosts as well as the size of hosts may account for the differential prevalence of the louse flies within the colony.</p>
},
	keywords = {body, California, ectoparasite, flies, Infestation, Louse fly, Passeriformes, populations},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.2307/3284563},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3284563},
	author = {Tella,Jos{\'e} L. and Gajon,A. and Gort{\'a}zar,C. and Osacar,J. J.}
}
@article {40231,
	title = {Apparent lack of effects of a high louse-fly infestation (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) on adult colonial Alpine Swifts},
	journal = {Ardea},
	volume = {83},
	year = {1995},
	month = {1995},
	pages = {435 - 439},
	abstract = {<p>A population of Alpine Swifts (Apus melba) showed the highest louse-fly parasitization rate (74\%) as far as known in birds. This might be caused by a limited ability to preen. The prevalence was lower in second-year birds than in adults, probably as a result of their breeding status. Parasitization affected neither body condition, nor the probability of trans mission of blood parasites. Due to mobility of louse flies, we suggest that heavy infestations have a short duration, and thus do not affect individual Swifts in terms of physical deterioration.</p>
},
	keywords = {advantages, bird, California, cost, ectoparasite, flies, hematozoa, swallow},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296878533_Apparent_lack_of_effects_of_a_high_louse-fly_infestation_Diptera_Hippoboscidae_on_adult_colonial_alpine_swifts},
	author = {Tella,Jos{\'e} L. and Gort{\'a}zar,C. and Gajon,A. and Osacar,J. J.}
}
