@article {46942, title = {Some properties of a tobacco ringspot virus isolate from South Australia}, journal = {Australian Journal of Biological Sciences}, volume = {18}, year = {1965}, note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 0370613; 0 (RNA, Viral); ppublish}, month = {1965}, pages = {979 - 986}, address = {AUSTRALIA}, keywords = {animals, Australia, Chromatography, Immunodiffusion, In Vitro, lice, Nematoda, Plant Extracts, Rabbit, RNA, Viral, Seeds, Spectrophotometry, Tobacco, Ultracentrifugation, virus}, isbn = {0004-9417}, author = {Randles,J. W. and Francki,R. I.} } @article {46946, title = {New method for the destruction of Pediculus humanus. Study on the ingestion of phenylbutazone in humans and rabbits}, journal = {ud Publica de Mexico}, volume = {7}, year = {1965}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 0404371; 50-33-9 (Phenylbutazone); ppublish}, month = {1965}, pages = {183 - 187}, address = {MEXICO}, keywords = {animals, drug, humans, lice, Rabbit}, isbn = {0036-3634}, author = {Varela,Gerardo and Bravo-Becherelle,M. A. and Velasco,R.} } @article {46922, title = {Mites, lice and trichodects as possible carriers of dermatophytes}, journal = {Berliner und M{\"u}nchner Tier{\"a}rztliche Wochenschrift}, volume = {79}, year = {1966}, note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 0003163; ppublish}, month = {1966}, pages = {195 - 197}, keywords = {animals, Arthropod Vectors, dermatology, guinea pigs, lice, mites, Rabbit, rat, Trichophyton}, isbn = {0005-9366}, author = {Kohler,G. and Hoffmann,G.} } @article {46915, title = {The isolation of Rickettsia prowazeki and mooseri from unusual sources}, journal = {American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene}, volume = {15}, year = {1966}, note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 0370507; ppublish}, month = {1966}, pages = {943 - 949}, address = {UNITED STATES}, keywords = {animals, cattle, Cattle Diseases, Chick Embryo, Disease Vectors, Ethiopia, guinea pigs, lice, mice, Rabbit, ticks, typhus}, isbn = {0002-9637}, author = {Reiss-Gutfreund,R. J.} } @article {46896, title = {A comparative study of multiplication of Borrelia sogdianae in the hemolymph of a "rabbit" race and common body lice. IV}, journal = {Meditsinskaia parazitologiia i parazitarnye bolezni}, volume = {36}, year = {1967}, note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 0376635; ppublish}, month = {1967}, pages = {478 - 482}, address = {USSR}, keywords = {animals, Borrelia, Hemolymph, Insect vectors, lice, Rabbit, Relapsing Fever}, isbn = {0025-8326}, author = {Chernyshova,T. F.} } @article {46895, title = {5 years of experience in keeping Pediculus humanus colonies in the laboratory}, journal = {Revista de Investigacion en Salud Publica}, volume = {27}, year = {1967}, note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 0056517; ppublish}, month = {1967}, pages = {317 - 320}, address = {MEXICO}, keywords = {animals, Animals, Laboratory, Lice/growth \& development, methods, Rabbit}, isbn = {0034-8384}, author = {Varela,Gerardo} } @article {46888, title = {Fauna of lice found on hares in the Poznan province (Poland)}, journal = {Biuletyn Instytutu Medycyny Morskiej w Gdansku}, volume = {19}, year = {1968}, month = {1968}, pages = {217 - 224}, keywords = {animals, ecology, lice, Lice Infestations/epidemiology/veterinary, Poland, Rabbit}, author = {Wegner,Zofia and Eichler,Wolfdietrich} } @article {46877, title = {Rickettsial diseases}, journal = {Tropical diseases bulletin}, volume = {65}, year = {1968}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 0410477; 0 (Antigens); ppublish}, month = {1968}, pages = {961 - 968}, address = {ENGLAND}, keywords = {Africa, Agglutination Tests, animals, antigens, cattle, Disease Outbreaks, Disease Vectors, Europe, fleas, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, goats, guinea pigs, humans, lice, mice, Mite Infestations, Q fever, Rabbit, rat, Rickettsia Infections/immunology, sheep, trench fever, typhus, U.S.A.}, isbn = {0041-3240}, author = {Anonymous} } @article {46881, title = {Adaptation, culturing R. sibirica in rabbit lice and preparation of a combined antigen for diagnosing the infection}, journal = {Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii, i immunobiologii}, volume = {45}, year = {1968}, note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 0415217; 0 (Antigens); ppublish}, month = {1968}, pages = {73 - 75}, address = {USSR}, keywords = {Agglutination Tests, animals, Antigens/isolation \& purification, Bacteriological Techniques, Complement Fixation Tests, development, Diagnosis, infections, lice, Rabbit, Rickettsia}, isbn = {0372-9311}, author = {Pshenichnov,R. A. and Ivanova,E. P. and Guliakova,M. I.} } @article {46885, title = {Possibilities of transmission of tick relapsing fever by lice. V. The dynamics of Bor. sogdianae multiplication in hemolymph of body lice}, journal = {Meditsinskaia parazitologiia i parazitarnye bolezni}, volume = {37}, year = {1968}, note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 0376635; ppublish}, month = {1968}, pages = {73 - 75}, address = {USSR}, keywords = {animals, Arthropod Vectors, fever, Hemolymph, lice, Rabbit, Spirochaeta, ticks}, isbn = {0025-8326}, author = {Chernyshova,T. F.} } @article {46778, title = {On the occurrence of hare lice, Haemodipsus spp-(Anoplura, Hoplopleuridae) on hares, Lepus europaeus, in the Netherlands}, journal = {Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde}, volume = {36}, year = {1971}, month = {1971}, pages = {158 - 168}, keywords = {animals, coccidia, Germany, infections, Lice Infestations/complications/epidemiology/veterinary, Netherlands, Rabbit, Rodent Diseases/complications/epidemiology, Seasons, Species Specificity}, isbn = {0044-3255}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46778.pdf}, author = {Broekhuizen,S.} } @article {46708, title = {A survey of parasites in commercially available small laboratory mammals}, journal = {Jikken dobutsu. Experimental animals}, volume = {23}, year = {1974}, note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 1256412; ppublish}, month = {1974}, pages = {15 - 30}, address = {JAPAN}, keywords = {animals, Animals, Laboratory, English Abstract, guinea pigs, Helminths, lice, Mallophaga, mice, mites, parasite, Parasitic disease, protozoa, Rabbit, rat}, isbn = {0007-5124}, author = {Tanaka,H. and Oshima,S. and Fujinami,F.} } @article {46567, title = {An attempt to infect human body lice, Pediculus humanus var corporis on a mild case of murine typhus}, journal = {China Medical Journal}, volume = {97}, year = {1984}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 7513795; ppublish}, month = {1984}, pages = {158 - 164}, address = {CHINA}, keywords = {animals, guinea pigs, humans, Insect vectors, Lice/microbiology, Middle Aged, Rabbit, Rickettsia/growth \& development/isolation \& purification, typhus}, isbn = {0366-6999}, author = {Li,J. X. and Fu,R. S. and Liu,W. T.} } @article {46458, title = {Ectoparasites of sympatric cottontails (Sylvilagus audubonii Nelson) and jack rabbits (Lepus californicus Mearns) from the high plains of eastern New Mexico}, journal = {Journal of Parasitology}, volume = {74}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {842 - 846}, abstract = {Eight species of ectoparasites were recovered from 35 Sylvilagus audubonii and 35 Lepus californicus occurring sympatrically near the Clovis-Portales area of eastern New Mexico. Recovered were Anoplura (Haemodipsus setoni), Diptera (Cuterebra lepusculi and Cuterebra ruficrus), Siphonaptera (Echidnophaga gallinacea and Euhoplopsyllus glacialis), and Acari (Ornithodoros parkeri, Dermacentor parumapertus, and Haemaphysalis leporispalustris). Jaccard{\textquoteright}s index showed a 50\% ectoparasitic overlap with H. setoni, E. glacialis, D. parumapertus, and H. leporispalustris present on both host species. Cuterebra lepusculi, E. gallinacea, and Ornithodoros parkeri were taken only from S. audubonii, whereas C. ruficrus occurred only on jack rabbits. Euhoplopsyllus glacialis was the only species to demonstrate a preference for sex of host, occurring more abundantly on females.}, keywords = {animals, Anoplura, Diptera, ectoparasite, fleas, New Mexico, Rabbit, Sex Factors, Survey, ticks}, author = {Pfaffenberger,Gary S. and Valencia,V. B.} } @article {46381, title = {Ivermectin: its effect on the immune system of rabbits and rats infested with ectoparasites}, journal = {Veterinary immunology and immunopathology}, volume = {34}, year = {1992}, note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 8002006; 0 (Antibodies); 70288-86-7 (Ivermectin); ppublish}, month = {1992}, pages = {325 - 336}, address = {NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {The influence of subcutaneously administered ivermectin on the specific immune response was studied in rabbits infested with mites (Psoroptes cuniculi) and in rats infested with lice (Polyplax spinulosa). A pronounced specific antibody activity and a change in immunoblotting pattern was observed in rabbits after the ivermectin treatment. However, in rats the antibody activity decreased and the profile of specific antibodies, tested by immunoblotting, remained the same as before the treatment. The specific immune response in rabbits artificially immunized with whole-body Psoroptes cuniculi extract was not affected by ivermectin. It was concluded that ivermectin has no direct effect on the immune response of rabbits and rats and that the enhanced immune response in the mite-infested rabbits was caused by the massive release of antigens associated with the synchronous death of the mites.}, keywords = {animals, Antibodies/blood, Blotting, Western, ectoparasite, electrophoresis, enzyme, Ivermectin/pharmacology, Lice/immunology, Lymphocytes/drug effects, Mites/immunology, Rabbit, rat, Rodent Diseases/immunology}, isbn = {0165-2427}, author = {Uhlir,J. and Volf,P.} } @article {46339, title = {Controlled study of malathion and d-phenothrin lotions for Pediculus humanus var capitis infested schoolchildren}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {344}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {1724 - 1727}, abstract = {

Anecdotal reports have suggested that reduced efficacy of pediculicides against Pediculus humanus capitis could be related to resistance to treatments. Ovicidal and pediculicidal activities of 0.5\% malathion and 0.3\% d-phenothrin lotions were tested in an experimental model of P humanus capitis grown on rabbits to ensure that the two treatments were pharmacologically equipotent. We then did a randomised controlled trial in which the lotions were administered to 193 P humanus capitis-infested schoolchildren (malathion, 95; d-phenothrin, 98). Success rate was defined as the absence of both live lice and viable nits. Before treatment, live lice were collected and subjected to a pediculicidal test. Pharmacological tests showed 100\% killing of the rabbit-grown nits and lice after exposure to both pediculicides. On day 1 of the controlled trial, the success rate was 92\% in the malathion group (95\% CI, 0.86-0.97) and 40\% in the d-phenothrin group (0.30-0.49) (p \< 0.0001); on day 7, it was 95\% in the malathion group (0.90-0.99) and 39\% in the d-phenothrin group (0.29-0.48, p \< 0.0001). Malathion was also significantly more active in the pediculicidal tests compared to d-phenothrin and control. These results suggest an acquired resistance to d-phenothrin in the schoolchildren tested, since all other conditions of the administration of insecticides were standardised.

}, keywords = {animals, child, Comparative Study, humans, Insecticide resistance, Lice Infestations/drug therapy, Malathion, Pediculus, Pyrethrum, Rabbit, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, scalp dermatoses}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45219.pdf}, author = {Chosidow,Olivier and Chastang,C. and Brue,C. and Bouvet,E. and Izri,M. and Monteny,N. and Bastuji-Garin,S. and Rousset,J. J. and Revuz,J.} } @article {46333, title = {Between bacteriology and virology: the development of typhus vaccines between the First and Second World Wars}, volume = {17}, year = {1995}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 8003052; 0 (Rickettsial Vaccines); ppublish}, month = {1995}, pages = {81 - 90}, address = {ENGLAND}, abstract = {This paper provides an overview of the development of typhus vaccines between the first and second world wars. It is shown that there was a shift in the classification of the causal Rickettsiae from being classed as bacteria to being conceptualised as a type of virus. This {\textquoteright}paradigm switch{\textquoteright} stimulated interest in the possibility of producing an effective medicine.}, keywords = {animals, Austria, Chick Embryo, Comparative Study, Dog Diseases, France, Germany, history, humans, Japan, Lice/immunology, mice, Poland, Rabbit, rat, Rickettsia prowazekii/immunology, Rickettsia/classification/immunology, Rickettsial Vaccines/history, Russia, typhus, war}, isbn = {0391-9714}, author = {Weindling,P.} } @article {46105, title = {Experimental model of human body louse infection using green fluorescent protein-expressing Bartonella quintana}, journal = {Infection and immunity}, volume = {69}, year = {2001}, note = {LR: 20041215; JID: 0246127; 0 (Luminescent Proteins); 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins); ppublish}, month = {2001}, pages = {1876 - 1879}, address = {United States}, abstract = {

A laboratory colony of human body lice was experimentally infected by feeding on rabbits made artificially bacteremic with a green fluorescent protein-expressing Bartonella quintana. B. quintana was detected in the gut and feces until death but not in the eggs. The life span of the lice was not modified. The rabbit model should provide valuable clues to the role of lice in the transmission of B. quintana.

}, keywords = {animals, Bartonella quintana/growth \& development, digestion, Luminescent Proteins, Pediculus, Rabbit}, isbn = {0019-9567}, author = {Pierre-Edouard Fournier and Minnick,M. F. and Lepidi,H. and Salvo,E. and Didier Raoult} } @article {46086, title = {Production of Bartonella genus-specific monoclonal antibodies}, journal = {Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology}, volume = {8}, year = {2001}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 9421292; 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial); 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal); 0 (Antigens, Bacterial); ppublish}, month = {2001}, pages = {847 - 849}, address = {United States}, abstract = {Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which react with heat-resistant proteins with molecular masses of 32 to 33 kDa of 14 different Bartonella species were produced. These antibodies did not react with antigens of 26 diverse bacterial strains by microimmunofluorescence assay except MAb B3D4, which reacted with Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia trachomatis at low titers. The identification of a common Bartonella antigenic protein will make it possible to later produce a diagnostic antigen by cloning and expressing it in Escherichia coli. Moreover, these MAbs allow all Bartonella species to be identified to the genus level.}, keywords = {animals, Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis/immunology, Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis/immunology, Antigens, Bacterial/immunology, Bartonella henselae/immunology, Bartonella quintana/immunology, Bartonella/immunology, humans, Lice/microbiology, mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Rabbit}, isbn = {1071-412X}, author = {Liang,Z. and La Scola,B. and Lepidi,H. and Didier Raoult} } @article {46030, title = {An experimental model of human body louse infection with Rickettsia prowazekii}, journal = {Journal of Infectious Diseases}, volume = {186}, year = {2002}, note = {LR: 20041117; DEP: 20021111; JID: 0413675; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 564-25-0 (Doxycycline); 2002/04/11 [received]; 2002/08/15 [revised]; 2002/11/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish}, month = {2002}, pages = {1639 - 1646}, address = {United States}, abstract = {

Rickettsia prowazekii is transmitted to humans by the body louse. A new experimental model of body louse infection with R. prowazekii is reported here. Eight hundred human lice were infected by feeding on a rabbit that was made bacteremic by injecting 2x106 plaque-forming units of R. prowazekii. The bacterium invaded the stomach cells and was released in feces, in which it was detected 5 days after infection. At day 6 after infection, as a result of the cell burst and the spread of erythrocytes in the hemolymph, the louse became bright red and died within 4 h. The life span of infected lice was shortened by 20-23 days, compared with that of uninfected control lice. Infected lice did not transmit R. prowazekii to their progeny. Through cell culture, rickettsiae were cultivated from fecal samples up to 10 days after their emission. The administration of doxycycline to the rabbit during louse feeding did not cure lice from R. prowazekii infection.

}, keywords = {animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration \& dosage, digestion, Doxycycline, Feces/parasitology, humans, lice infestations, Microscopy, Confocal, Models, Animal, Pediculus, Rabbit, Rickettsia prowazekii/growth \& development/isolation \& purification/pathogenicity, typhus}, isbn = {0022-1899}, author = {Houhamdi,Linda and Pierre-Edouard Fournier and Fang,R. and Lepidi,H. and Didier Raoult} } @article {45991, title = {An experimental model of human body louse infection with Rickettsia typhi}, journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, volume = {990}, year = {2003}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 7506858; ppublish}, month = {2003}, pages = {617 - 627}, address = {United States}, abstract = {

Murine (endemic) typhus caused by Rickettsia typhi, one of the most widely distributed arthropod-borne diseases, is transmitted to humans mainly by the oriental rat flea. The human body louse, Pediculus humanus corporis, has been suspected to have a role in the transmission of R. typhi to humans. To evaluate the potential role of Pediculus humanus corporis as a vector of murine typhus, we used R. typhi in an experimental model of human body louse infection previously used with R. prowazekii. A rabbit was made bacteremic by inoculating it with 2 x 10(6) plaque-forming units of R. typhi; it remained bacteremic for at least 59 hours. Two hundred body lice infected by feeding on the bacteremic rabbit were compared to 200 uninfected control lice. Each louse population was fed once a day on the abdomen of a seronegative rabbit. On day 8 post-infection, as a result of disruption of the gut cells and leakage of the blood meal into the hemolymph, four infected lice became bright red and died within four hours. The life span of infected lice was 20 days less than that of the controls. Infected lice did not transmit R. typhi to their progeny (eggs and larvae) as demonstrated by PCR amplification and cell culture. With an immunofluorescence assay, R. typhi was detected in feces from day 7 post-infection, and the organism remained viable in feces for up to 80 days as demonstrated by cell culture. From the 21st day post-infection, the rabbit used to feed the R. typhi-infected lice developed an immunoglobulin response with a titer of 1:50 increasing to 1:200 at the 42nd day post-infection. It showed no clinical signs of infection. The rabbit that was used to feed uninfected lice remained seronegative. Although body lice are not clearly identified vectors of R. typhi, it seems that under certain circumstances they could transmit R. typhi.

}, keywords = {animals, Disease Models, Animal, Feces/microbiology, humans, Lice/microbiology/pathogenicity/physiology, Rabbit, reproduction, Rickettsia typhi/pathogenicity, typhus}, isbn = {0077-8923}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07436.x}, url = {https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07436.x}, author = {Houhamdi,Linda and Pierre-Edouard Fournier and Fang,R. and Didier Raoult} } @article {45882, title = {Excretion of living Borrelia recurrentis in feces of infected human body lice}, journal = {Journal of Infectious Diseases}, volume = {191}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {1898 - 1906}, abstract = {

Louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF), caused by Borrelia recurrentis, is 1 of the most dangerous arthropod-borne diseases. Infection is thought to occur through louse crushing. Lice feces have not been shown to contain living borreliae. We infected 800 body lice by feeding them on a rabbit made spirochetemic by the injection of 2 x 106 borreliae. The life span of infected lice was not shortened. Once infected, lice remained infected for life but did not transmit borreliae to their progeny or to nurse rabbits. B. recurrentis infection was observed throughout lice and spread into hemolymph on day 5 after infection. We describe 2 unprecedented phenomena. In hemolymph, B. recurrentis formed clumps of aggregated borreliae. Using immunofluorescence assay, transmission electron microscopy, and culture, we detected borreliae excreted in lice feces beginning on day 14 after infection. We conclude that, similar to epidemic typhus and trench fever, transmission of LBRF may be caused by lice feces.

}, keywords = {animals, Borrelia, Feces/microbiology, Hemolymph/microbiology, humans, Pediculus, Rabbit, Relapsing Fever, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Time Factors}, isbn = {0022-1899}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/191/11/1898/2191891}, author = {Houhamdi,Linda and Didier Raoult} } @article {42027, title = {Rearing and maintaining a laboratory colony of body lice on rabbits}, journal = {American Journal of Tropical Medicine}, volume = {28}, year = {1948}, note = {195}, month = {1948}, pages = {499 - 504}, abstract = {Ern{\"a}hrung; Zucht; Wirtsspezifit{\"a}t; Wirtswechsel. Nur 7 von 97 Kaninchen waren als Wirtstiere geeignet. Biology; Entwicklung; G. V.; Nach 10 Generationen Zucht an geeigneten Kaninchen lie{\ss}en sich die L{\"a}use auch unbeschr{\"a}nkt an urspr{\"u}nglich ungeeigneten Kaninchen z{\"u}chten (15 Generationen lang).}, keywords = {culture, Lagomorpha, Pediculus humanus, Primates, Rabbit, rearing, Troester}, author = {Culpepper,G. H.} } @article {40377, title = {Antigens of the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis}, journal = {Folia Parasitologica (Praha)}, volume = {45}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {239 - 244}, abstract = {Sheep scab caused by the mite Psoroptes ovis (Hering) is a highly contagious disease of sheep. As a first step in developing a mite-derived vaccine for controlling the disease, the soluble antigens in mite extracts which induce an immune response in sheep were identified by electrophoretic and immunoblotting techniques. At least 22 proteins were present in P. ovis extracts as revealed by Coomassie Blue staining. Mite- infested sheep serum recognised six antigenic bands in the extracts with approximate relative molecular weights ranging from 12 to 183 kDa. A deeply staining band at 31.2 kDa and another at 41.8 kDa are of particular diagnostic value. Immunoblotting studies showed that there was no cross reactivity between P. ovis and two other ectoparasites of sheep in the UK, the sheep louse Bovicola ovis (Schrank) and the sheep tick Ixodes ricinus L.}, keywords = {Acari, antibodies, antigens, Boophilus, cattle, immunization, protein, Psoroptes, Rabbit, resistance, sheep, Tick}, author = {Jayawardena,K. G. I. and Heller-Haupt,A. and Woodland,R. M. and Varma,M. G. R.} } @article {40130, title = {Fleas and lice on scrub hares (Lepus saxatilis) in South Africa}, journal = {Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research}, volume = {60}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {95 - 101}, abstract = {

A total of 380 scrub hares (Lepus saxatilis) from 5 localities, ranging from the north-eastern Transvaal to the eastern and the south-western Cape Province of South Africa, were examined for fleas and lice. Ctenocephalides felis damarensis was almost exclusively responsible for the flea infestations on hares at 4 of the 5 sites. At 4 localities the prevalence and abundance of this flea reached peaks between August and October and declined thereafter to their lowest levels between February and April. Its prevalence and abundance in the north-eastern Transvaal were not correlated with the breeding cycle of the hares in this region. The 2 louse species recovered, sometimes sympatrically, were Haemodipsus lyriocephalus and Haemodipsus setoni. Listrophorus leporicolus was the only mite species recovered.

}, keywords = {Acari, animals, arthropod, Europe, flea, ixodid, parasite, Rabbit, Siphonaptera, spilopsyllus cuniculi, ticks, wild}, author = {Louw,J. P. and Horak,Ivan G. and Braack,L. E. O.} }