@article {96115, title = {Epidemiology of Ectoparasites (Ticks, Lice, and Mites) in the Livestock of Pakistan: A Review}, journal = {Frontiers in Veterinary Science}, volume = {8}, year = {2021}, month = {Dec-16-2021}, pages = {9 pp}, type = {Open Access}, abstract = {

Ectoparasites, including lice, ticks, and mites, inhabit the host skin and depend on their host for sustenance, maturation, and multiplication. Among these, ticks are more prevalent in various regions of Pakistan because of favorable climatic conditions, lack of awareness of livestock keepers\&$\#$39; regarding ectoparasite infestation rate, insufficient veterinary services, and inadequate control measures. Ectoparasitic infestation is a primary threat to cost-effective livestock production by damaging skin and transmitting multiple diseases between animals. This review aimed to determine the infestation rates of various ectoparasites in cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, camels, equids and to ascertain the prevalence and epidemiology of ectoparasites in different regions of Pakistan. This review could be useful in devising prevention and control strategies and identifying the risk factors associated with ectoparasites to enhance animal productivity. It provides directions for veterinary schools, researchers, and organizations aiming to collaborate with neighboring countries to eradicate these parasites. Future studies could support working veterinarians and administrators and contribute to human well-being.

}, keywords = {ectoparasites, epidemiology, lice, Livestock, mites, Pakistan, ticks}, issn = {2297-1769}, doi = {10.3389/fvets.2021.780738}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.780738/full}, author = {Ali Muhammad and Rida Bashir and Majid Mahmood and Muhammad Sohail Afzal and Sami Simsek and Usman Ayub Awan and Mobushir Riaz Khan and Haroon Ahmed and Jianping Cao} } @article {95041, title = {An annotated list of the species of lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) described by Mohammad A.-R. Ansari}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4809}, year = {2020}, month = {07-2020}, pages = {401 - 448}, abstract = {

Mohammad Atiq-ur-Rahman Ansari (1911\–1979) was an Indian phthirapterist who contributed to the knowledge of parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from the Indian subcontinent with 41 papers published from 1944 to 1968. He described 195 new species and subspecies of chewing lice from birds and redescribed 182 previously known species of all groups of lice. Among the new species, 155 are still considered valid. We list all the species and subspecies described by Ansari under their original binomial or trinomial names, adding for each one: subsequent references by Ansari, current taxonomic status (i.e. taxa placed now in different genera, or with senior synonyms), type host, type locality, and deposition of type material when still extant. About 120 (62\%) of Ansari\’s primary type specimens are deposited at museums in the United Kingdom and the U.S.A., with the remaining 75 primary types presumed lost. Four species are here considered species inquirenda, because the morphological data published by Ansari are not consistent with diagnostic characters of the genera in which he placed them, and their types could not be located to confirm their correct generic placement. They are Capraiella masumae Ansari, 1955; Craspedorrhynchus chicquera Ansari, 1955; Cuculicola jamilae Ansari, 1955 and Cuculoecus distinctus Ansari, 1955. We propose the name Philopterus ansarii nomen novum as a replacement for Philopterus kalkalichi Ansari, 1956e\—preoccupied by Philopterus kalkalichi Ansari, 1955e\—and designate a neotype for it. We also designate a neotype for Alcedoecus anularis Ansari, 1955e and Alcedoecus annulatus Tendeiro, 1965a, placing the latter name as an absolute junior synonym of the former.

}, keywords = {Alcedoecus anularis, Ansari, Collection, current status, India, lice, Pakistan, Philopterus ansarii nomen novum, type host, type locality, type material}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4809.3.1}, url = {https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4809.3.1}, author = {Naz,Saima and Tomas Najer and Daniel R Gustafsson} } @article {94898, title = {Prevalence of Lice Infestation in Domestic Pigeon Columba Livia Domestica in South-Eastern Pakistan}, journal = {University of Sindh Journal of Animal Sciences}, volume = {2}, year = {2018}, month = {Nov 2018}, pages = {24 - 29}, abstract = {

The present study was carried out to determine prevalence of lice infestation in pet pigeons in Umerkot region of south-eastern Pakistan. The samples were collected from a total of 100 pet pigeons from fourteen different localities of Umerkot city. The data recorded includes point prevalence, diversity and intensity of lice infestation in different breeds of pigeons kept under different management systems. In the study area pigeons were found to be infested with two lice species i.e. Columbicola columbae and Menopon gallinae. The overall prevalence of the lice infestation was recorded as 80\% (80/100). The highest infestation rate was recorded in the area of Oad Mohalla and Kolhi Daro 100\% (5/5) followed by Sanbhwani, Babar, Khosa Mohalla with the infection rate as 80\% (5/4) and Chandiram Mohalla 80\% (10/8), in Pathan Mohalla the infestation rate as 70\% (10/7), in Machi and Lohar Mohalla the infestation rate was 60\% (5/3) and in Sheikh Mohalla infestation rate was also 60\% (10/6), respectively. Interestingly, female pigeons were found more susceptible with highest infestation rate 86\% (42 / 49) as compared to 74\% in males. It was also found that adult birds are more susceptible to the infestation than that of young birds while birds with poor body condition was highly susceptible to the infestation indicating clear correlation with nutrition and lice infestation. Meanwhile, severity of infestation in affected birds was recorded as 60\%, 28.75\%, and 11.25\% as low, medium and high infestation, respectively. It was found that lice infestation is an important problem in pigeons in the study area and might be the source of infection, which needs proper attention to control infectious diseases.

}, keywords = {domestic, lice, Pakistan, Pet pigeon, Prevalence}, url = {http://sujo2.usindh.edu.pk/index.php/USJAS/article/view/165}, author = {Abdullah G. Arijo and Anil Kumar Malhi and Nasreen Akhter and Zubair Ahmed Laghari and Mool Chand Malhi} }