@article {96578, title = {Seasonal prevalence of arthropoda and helminth parasites in sheep (Ovis aries)}, journal = {Bangladesh Journal of Zoology}, volume = {42}, year = {2015}, month = {May-13-2015}, pages = {45-55}, abstract = {

The present investigation was carried out to determine the prevalence of arthropoda and helminth parasites in sheep at Azimpur, Dhaka during February, 2012 to January, 2013. A Total of 60 hosts were examined and about 71.67\% sheep were found to be infested with arthropod parasites. In sheep two species of arthropod parasites, Linognathus vituli (61.67\%) and Damalinia caprae (68.33\%) were identified as ecto-parasites. The prevalence of ectoparasites was higher during summer (85\%), followed by winter (75\%) and rainy (55\%). The higher intensity was also recorded in summer (325.17\±1.92). Lambs were found more susceptible (85.71\%) than adult (80.95\%) and young (56\%) sheep and higher in female (77.27\%) than in male (68.42\%). Twelve species of helminth parasites were identified, of them, 3 trematodes, 3 cestodes and 6 nematodes, highest prevalence was shown by Strongyloides sp (71.67\%) and lowest by Dictyocaulus sp. (3.33\%); found comparatively higher in adults (85.71\%) than in young (80\%) and 28\% in lambs. The male sheeps were more susceptible (81.58\%) to helminth infection than female (72.73\%). Prevalence of helminthes was found higher in winter (95\%) season. The value of co-efficient of correlation between the prevalence and intensity of infestation of ectoparasites and helminth parasites in sheep were 0.95 and 0.978 respectively. In both cases these two variables differed significantly (P\<0.01).Bangladesh J. Zool. 42(1): 45-55, 2014

}, keywords = {arthropods, helminthes, Infestation, Seasons, sheep}, issn = {2408-8455, 0304-9027}, doi = {10.3329/bjz.v42i1.23335}, url = {https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJZ/article/view/23335}, author = {Tania Yeasmin and Hamida Khanum and Rimi Farhana Zaman} } @article {96567, title = {Chewing lice (Insecta, Phthiraptera) and ticks (Arachnida, Ixodida) associated with birds in highland marshes of the Brazilian semiarid}, journal = {Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment}, year = {2024}, month = {Jan-31-2024}, pages = {11 pp}, type = {Online publication}, abstract = {

In Brazilian semiarid, highland marshes are home to a great diversity of species; still, these ecosystems suffer constant impacts due to agriculture, logging, and livestock. Here we describe a community of birds and their ectoparasites in anthropized remnants of a highland marsh ecosystem, located in Northeast of Brazil. From August/2018 to July/2019, mist nets were used
to capture birds, and their ectoparasites were then collected. A total of 78 bird species from 18 families were captured, of which 25 species and 12 families were parasitized by lice, while 13 species from 8 families were parasitized by ticks. Of the 546 birds captured, 11.9\% were infested by 747 lice belonging to 12 taxa, and 4.2\% by 27 ticks. Only seven individuals were infested by
both lice and ticks. Both lice and ticks showed preference for topographic sites on their host bodies.

}, keywords = {arthropods, avian, insects, parasite{\textendash}host interactions}, issn = {0165-0521, 1744-5140}, doi = {10.1080/01650521.2024.2307076}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01650521.2024.2307076}, author = {Vanessa Campelo Souza and de Oliveira, Jaqueline Bianque and de Lyra-Neves, Rachel Maria and Latifa Pelage and da Silva_Oliveira, Allan Jefferson and Williams Oliveira-Silva and da Silva-Cabral, Leandro and Wallace Rodrigues Telino-J{\'u}nior} } @article {96174, title = {A Systematic Review of the Arthropod-Borne Rickettsial Diseases with a Special Emphasis on Iran}, journal = {Journal of Health Sciences \& Surveillance System}, volume = {9}, year = {2021}, month = {2021}, pages = {208-217}, type = {Review article}, abstract = {

Background: Rickettsialinfections occur worldwide. Rickettsia spp. are mandatory intracellular Gram-negative bacteria that can cause mild to severe disease.

Objectives:Recently, with increasing international travel to high-risk areas, the risk of rickettsia transmission has increased. These infections are also important because of their possible use as bioterrorism agents. In this study, we investigated arthropod-borne rickettsial diseases.

Methods: This systematic review study was performed based on PRISMA guidelines. All Persian and English language articles published until the end of 2019 were extracted during the search in the scientific databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Medlib, Irandoc, Magiran, and SID.

Results:\  A total of 62 studies related to the field of arthropod-borne rickettsial diseases between 1940 and 2020 were included in the systematic review. Rickettsiae are related to arthropods which will act as vectors and reservoirs within the bacteria life cycle. To date, ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), lice (Phtiraptera), and fleas (Siphonaptera) have been identified as the main suitable vectors of rickettsiae. Recently, mosquitoes have been suggested as potential vectors for R. felis.

Conclusion: One of the most important rickettsial diseases in Iran has been typhus. Historically, typhus has been one of the main health problems with a financial effect in Iran; be that as it may, there are constrained data on the prevalence of typhus within the past centuries. In Iran, there were both epidemic and endemic typhus. Health care officials and physicians should always consider the potential risk of typhus outbreaks under certain conditions. Natural disasters, famines, and overcrowded camps increase the risk of transmission of these infectious diseases

}, keywords = {arthropods, Communicable diseases, Iran, Rickettsia Infections}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.30476/jhsss.2020.88770.1154}, url = {https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_47889.html}, author = {Aboozar Soltani and Fatemeh Borouji and Sanam Abdollahi and Arefe-sadat Pourtabatabaei} } @article {95956, title = {Prevalence and Factors Associated with Ectoparasite Infestations in Dogs from the State of Tabasco, Mexico}, journal = {Pakistan Journal of Parasitology}, volume = {107}, year = {2021}, month = {Feb-03-2021}, pages = {29-38}, abstract = {

This study was carried out to identify the ectoparasites that infest owned dogs in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. In total, 1,302 dogs were sampled in the 5 ecological regions of Tabasco. The dog owners were surveyed to identify the factors associated with infestations. Ectoparasites were identified using taxonomic keys. Eleven species of ectoparasites were observed. General prevalence was 26.65\%. Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ctenocephalides felis were the most prevalent and abundant ectoparasites. The most important factors associated with ectoparasite infestations in the studied dogs were living outdoors, being a non-purebred, having short hair, being dark-haired, and having a body condition \<3. Ectoparasite studies such as the one presented herein generate important information to create control programs focused on decreasing infestations in companion animals and thus the likelihood of zoonotic transmission of pathogens.

}, keywords = {arthropods, Associated Factors, fleas, lice, ticks}, issn = {0022-3395}, doi = {10.1645/20-71}, url = {https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-parasitology/volume-107/issue-1/20-71/Prevalence-and-Factors-Associated-with-Ectoparasite-Infestations-in-Dogs-from/10.1645/20-71.short}, author = {Luis Eliezer Cruz-Bacab and Perez-De la Cruz, Martha-Carolina and Claudia V. Zaragoza-Vera and Maritza Zaragoza-Vera and Guadalupe Arjona-Jimenez and Julia Maria Lesher-Gordillo and Carlos M. Baak-Baak and Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo and Carlos Machain-Williams and Julian E. Garcia-Rejon and Roberto Gonzalez-Gardu{\~n}o and Oswaldo M. Torres-Chable} } @article {95796, title = {Arthropods (Acari, Mallophaga, Siphonaptera) collected from Procyon lotor (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia, Carnivora, Procyonidae) in Poland}, journal = {Wiadomo{\oe}ci Parazytologiczne}, volume = {55}, year = {2009}, pages = {59-60}, abstract = {

From 9 specimens of Procyon lotor collected in vicinity of Dobroszyn and G\órzyca (Lubuskie province)
61 arthropods of 6 species were obtained: Siphonaptera (one specimen), Acari (3 species), Phthiraptera (one specimen
\– Trichodectes octomaculatus; new species to fauna of Poland) and one specimen of Psocoptera

}, keywords = {arthropods, ectoparasites, faunistic, New record, Poland, Trichodectes octomaculatus}, url = {https://www.academia.edu/55380362/Arthropods_Acari_Mallophaga_Siphonaptera_collected_from_Procyon_lotor_Linnaeus_1758_Mammalia_Carnivora_Procyonidae_in_Poland}, author = {Haitlinger,Ryszard and Dariusz {\L}upicki} } @article {95569, title = {An expert opinion assessment of blood-feeding arthropods based on their capacity to transmit African swine fever virus in Metropolitan France}, journal = {Transboundary and Emerging Diseases}, volume = {68}, year = {2021}, month = {May-2021}, pages = {1190-1204}, abstract = {

To deal with the limited literature data on the vectorial capacity of blood-feeding arthropods (BFAs) and their role in the transmission of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in Metropolitan France, a dedicated working group of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health \& Safety performed an expert knowledge elicitation. In total, 15 different BFAs were selected as potential vectors by the ad hoc working group involved. Ten criteria were considered to define the vectorial capacity: vectorial competence, current abundance, expected temporal abundance, spatial distribution, longevity, biting rate, active dispersal capacity, trophic preferences for Suidae, probability of contact with domestic pigs and probability of contact with wild boar. Fourteen experts participated to the elicitation. For each BFA, experts proposed a score (between 0 and 3) for each of the above criteria with an index of uncertainty (between 1 and 4). Overall, all experts gave a weight for all criteria (by distributing 100 marbles). A global weighted sum of score per BFA was calculated permitting to rank the different BFAs in decreasing order. Finally, a regression tree analysis was used to group those BFAs with comparable likelihood to play a role in ASF transmission. Out of the ten considered criteria, the experts indicated vectorial competence, abundance and biting rate as the most important criteria. In the context of Metropolitan France, the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) was ranked as the most probable BFA to be a vector of ASFV, followed by lice (Haematopinus suis), mosquitoes (Aedes, Culex and Anopheles), Culicoides and Tabanidea. Since scientific knowledge on their vectorial competence for ASF is scarce and associated uncertainty on expert elicitation moderate to high, more studies are however requested to investigate the potential vector role of these BFAs could have in ASFV spread, starting with Stomoxys calcitrans.

}, keywords = {African swine fever (ASF), arthropods, blood-feeding vector, Culicoides, fleas, hard ticks, lice, mosquitoes, Ornithodoros, pig, sand flies, soft ticks, Stomoxys flies, Tabanidae, vectorial capacity, vectorial competence, virus, Wild boar}, issn = {1865-1674, 1865-1682}, doi = {10.1111/tbed.13769}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tbed.13769}, author = {Claude Saegerman and Sarah I. Bonnet and Emilie Bouhsira and Nick De_Regge and Johanna Fite and Florence Etor{\'e} and Mutien-Marie Garigliany and Ferran Jori and Laetitia Lempereur and Marie-Fr{\'e}d{\'e}rique Le_Potier and Elsa Quillery and Timoth{\'e}e Vergne and Laurence Vial} } @article {95491, title = {The prevalence and intensity of external and internal parasites in working donkeys (Equus asinus) in Egypt}, journal = {Veterinary World}, volume = {11}, year = {2018}, month = {Sep-2018}, pages = {1298-1306}, abstract = {

Aim: This study aims to record and update the prevalence and intensity of external and internal parasites in working donkeys (Equus asinus) in Egypt during the period from January to December 2017.

Materials and Methods: A total of 120 donkeys (10 donkeys each month) were examined at Giza zoo abattoir through bimonthly visits. The examined donkeys were obtained from five governorates (Giza [20], Fayoum [40], Beni Suef [30], Monofia [20], and Assiut [10]). The animals were grouped according to age and sex.

Results: All examined donkeys were positive with at least one internal or even external parasitic species. The overall prevalence rate was 100\%. A total of 11 helminths species (10 nematodes and 1 metacestode); 7 protozoal and 7 arthropod species were collected. The number of each parasite and intensity of infection with regard to age and sex was recorded.

Conclusion: All examined donkeys were infected with parasites with an overall prevalence of 100\%. So, we recommended following up and continuous treatment of such diseased animal.

}, keywords = {arthropods, donkeys, Egypt, external parasites, Helminths, Internal parasites, protozoa.}, issn = {0972-8988, 2231-0916}, doi = {10.14202/vetworld.2018.1298-1306}, url = {http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.11/September-2018/16.html}, author = {Marwa M Attia and Marwa M. Khalifa and Marwa Th. Atwa} } @article {95455, title = {Putative Role of Arthropod Vectors in African Swine Fever Virus Transmission in Relation to Their Bio-Ecological Properties}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {Jul-2020}, pages = {16 pp}, type = {e778 Review}, abstract = {

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important diseases in Suidae due to its significant health and socioeconomic consequences and represents a major threat to the European pig industry, especially in the absence of any available treatment or vaccine. In fact, with its high mortality rate and the subsequent trade restrictions imposed on affected countries, ASF can dramatically disrupt the pig industry in afflicted countries. In September 2018, ASF was unexpectedly identified in wild boars from southern Belgium in the province of Luxembourg, not far from the Franco-Belgian border. The French authorities rapidly commissioned an expert opinion on the risk of ASF introduction and dissemination into metropolitan France. In Europe, the main transmission routes of the virus comprise direct contact between infected and susceptible animals and indirect transmission through contaminated material or feed. However, the seasonality of the disease in some pig farms in Baltic countries, including outbreaks in farms with high biosecurity levels, have led to questions on the possible involvement of arthropods in the transmission of the virus. This review explores the current body of knowledge on the most common arthropod families present in metropolitan France. We examine their potential role in spreading ASF\—by active biological or mechanical transmission or by passive transport or ingestion\—in relation to their bio-ecological properties. It also highlights the existence of significant gaps in our knowledge on vector ecology in domestic and wild boar environments and in vector competence for ASFV transmission. Filling these gaps is essential to further understanding ASF transmission in order to thus implement appropriate management measures.

}, keywords = {African swine fever virus, arthropods, biting flies, Culicoides, fleas, lice, mosquitoes, sand flies, ticks, transmission}, issn = {1999-4915}, doi = {10.3390/v12070778}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/7/778}, author = {Sarah I. Bonnet and Emilie Bouhsira and Nick De_Regge and Johanna Fite and Florence Etor{\'e} and Mutien-Marie Garigliany and Ferran Jori and Laetitia Lempereur and Marie-Fr{\'e}d{\'e}rique Le_Potier and Elsa Quillery and Claude Saegerman and Timoth{\'e}e Vergne and Laurence Vial} } @article {95315, title = {Vector-borne nematode diseases in pets and humans in the Mediterranean Basin: An update}, journal = {Veterinary World}, volume = {12}, year = {2019}, month = {10-2019}, pages = {1630 - 1643}, type = {Open Access}, abstract = {

Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. The scale of VBDs is increasing worldwide, including in the Mediterranean Basin, a region exposed to climate changes. Indeed, weather conditions may influence the abundance and distribution of vectors. The vector-borne nematode diseases of dogs and cats, such as dirofilariosis, onchocercosis, thelaziosis, Cercopithifilaria, and Acanthocheilonema infections, are some of these vectorized diseases, several of which are zoonoses. They are all caused by parasitic nematodes transmitted by arthropods, including mosquitoes (Dirofilaria spp.), black flies (Onchocerca lupi), drosophilids (Thelazia callipaeda), ticks (Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides and Cercopithifilaria bainae), and fleas and lice (Acanthocheilonema reconditum). The control and prevention of these infections and diseases require a multidisciplinary approach based on strengthening collaboration between the different actors in the fields of health, research, sociology, economics, governments and citizens, to improve human, animal, and ecosystem health. This is the concept of \“one health.\” The review aimed to provide a general update on the spatial and temporal distribution of vector-borne nematodes diseases affecting companion animals and humans, as well as the vectors involved in the Mediterranean area. Simultaneously, certain epidemiological parameters, diagnosis, treatment, and control of these diseases based on the \“one health\” concept will also be discussed.

}, keywords = {arthropods, companion animals, humans, Mediterranean Basin, one health, parasites, vectors, zoonoses}, issn = {09728988}, doi = {1010.14202/vetworld.2019.1630-1643}, url = {http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.12/October-2019/17.html}, author = {Djamel Tahir and Bernard Davoust and Parola,Phillipe} } @article {95258, title = {Ectoparasites infesting dogs and cats in Bishoftu, central Oromia, Ethiopia}, journal = {Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports}, volume = {15}, year = {2019}, month = {01-2019}, pages = {6 pp}, abstract = {

A total of 200 dogs and 137 cats were examined for the presence of fleas, ticks and lice in Bishoftu, central Oromia, Ethiopia from September 2009 through April 2010. At least one ectoparasite species was found on 97\% (194/200) of the dogs and 90.5\% (124/137) of the cats. On dogs, fleas (Ctenocephalides felis (95\%), Pulex irritans (20.5\%), Echidnophaga gallinacea (9\%) and Xenopsylla cheopis (0.5\%)), ticks (Haemaphysalis leachi (17.5\%), Amblyomma variegatum (8.5\%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (8\%), Rhipicephalus pulchellus (5.5\%) and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (2.5\%)) and lice (Heterodoxus spiniger (5\%), Linognathus setosus (1.5\%) and Trichodectes canis (0.5\%)) were identified. On cats, fleas (C. felis (61.7\%), E. gallinacea (24.1\%), P. irritans (1.5\%) and X. cheopis (0.7\%)) and ticks (Ha. leachi (10.9\%), Am. variegatum (1.5\%) and Rh. sanguineus (0.7\%)) were identified. C. felis was identified as the predominant ectoparasite on both dogs and cats. The overall frequency and count of ectoparasites was higher on dogs than on cats. Significantly higher overall frequency of fleas on young versus adult cats (p = .01) was recorded. However, ticks were significantly higher on adult cats than on young cats (p = .01). In conclusion, this study demonstrated great species diversity and high frequency of ectoparasites on dogs and cats in the study area. Further studies are required to investigate the role of these ectoparasites in transmission of zoonotic pathogens to humans and animals in Ethiopia.

}, keywords = {arthropods, companion animals, East Africa, fleas, lice, ticks}, issn = {24059390}, doi = {10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100263}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405939018300480}, author = {Bersissa Kumsa and Yonas Abiy and Fufa Abunna} } @article {94946, title = {Detection of ectoparasites in wild birds evaluated in Medellin (Colombia)}, journal = {Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias}, volume = {24}, year = {2011}, pages = {29 -37}, abstract = {

Some arthropod species are vectors of diseases to human’s beings, domestic and sylvatic animals acting
as biological or mechanical vectors of important pathogens. They produce direct damage due to feeding
habits and attachment to different parts of animals and humans bodies. The aim of this study was to identify
different species of ectoparasites from wild birds located at “Centro de Atenci\ón y Valoraci\ón de Fauna
Silvestre del area metropolitana del Valle de Aburr\á”. From October 2006 to November 2007 a descriptive
longitudinal study was done in 43 birds infested with ectoparasites. A total of 202 ectoparasites belonging
to Diptera and Phthiraptera (Insecta) orders and Parasitiformes mites (Arachnida: Acari) were found.
The Phtiraptera order shows the highest diversity with 18 species all of them belonging to Mallophaga
group. From Diptera order, one specie was identified and ten larvae from Muscidae family was identified
too, from Acari three genera of the Astigmata and Mesostigmata soborders was identified. The results of
this study allow us to expand the host range of Bonnetella genera to Ramphastos citroelaemus specie.
Also the presence of Menacanthus eurysternus and Colpocephalum turbinatum is registered in Pelecanus
occidentalis and Buteo platypterus. The development of microbiological and parasitological studies to
identify pathogen species in these ectoparasites is recommended to establish disease transmission risk and
prevention and control strategies of zoonotic diseases.

Paper in Spanish: Detecci\ón de ectopar\ásitos en aves silvestres evaluadas en Medell\ín (Colombia)

Resumen

Algunas especies de artr\ópodos son causantes de enfermedades en humanos, animales dom\ésticos y silvestres, actuando como vectores biol\ógicos y mec\ánicos de importantes pat\ógenos; adem\ás de los da\ños directos que ocasionan por sus h\ábitos alimenticios y de fijaci\ón en diferentes partes del cuerpo de sus hospederos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las diferentes especies de ectopar\ásitos presentes en las aves silvestres ingresadas al Centro de Atenci\ón y Valoraci\ón de Fauna Silvestre (CAV) del \área metropolitana del Valle de Aburr\á. Se realiz\ó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal, en el cual se analizaron 43 aves infestadas con ectopar\ásitos que ingresaron al centro, durante el periodo de octubre de 2006 a noviembre de 2007. Se colectaron 202 ectopar\ásitos de los \órdenes Pthiraptera, Diptera y \ácaros del orden Parasitiformes (Arachnida). El orden Phthiraptera present\ó la mayor diversidad, con 18 especies, todas del grupo Mallophaga. Del orden Diptera se identific\ó una especie y diez larvas de la familia Muscidae, mientras que en los \ácaros se identificaron tres g\éneros, de los sub\órdenes: Astigmata y Mesostigmata. Los resultados de este estudio permiten ampliar el rango de hospederos del g\énero Bonnetella a la especie Ramphastos citroelaemus. Adem\ás se registra la presencia de Menacanthus eurysternus y Colpocephalum turbinatum en Pelecanus occidentalis y Buteo platypterus. Se recomienda realizar estudios microbiol\ógicos y parasitol\ógicos para identificar las especies pat\ógenas presentes en estos ectopar\ásitos, que permitan establecer el riesgo de transmisi\ón de enfermedades y proponer medidas de prevenci\ón y control de enfermedades zoon\óticas.

Palabras clave: artr\ópodos, aves, zoonosis

}, keywords = {arthropods, birds, zoonoses}, url = {http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract\&pid=S0120-06902011000100005\&lng=en\&nrm=iso\&tlng=en}, author = {Gabriel Parra-Henao and Erika P. Alarc{\'o}n-Pineda and Gustavo L{\'o}pez-Valencia and Diber M. Ram{\'\i}re-Monroy and Gloria E. Jaramillo-Crespo} } @article {94771, title = {Neglected vector-borne bacterial diseases and arboviruses in the Mediterranean area}, journal = {New Microbes and New Infections}, volume = {26}, year = {2018}, month = {11-2018}, pages = {S31 - S36}, abstract = {

Arthropod vectors can transmit pathogenic microorganisms from one vertebrate to another during their blood meal. Although some vector- borne diseases have been eradicated in the Mediterranean area, such as malaria and dengue, recent endemic microorganisms (Toscana virus, Rickettsia spp.) remain neglected even though they cause many more cases. New diagnostic tools and innovative tools for the identification and characterization of vector species and microorganisms have been developed at IHU M\éditerran\ée Infection, either internally or through collaborative and integrated projects. We have detected Rickettsia slovaca as a human pathogen and have described the disease; we have shown that Rickettsia felis can be transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes; we have emphasized the increasing importance of bedbug (Cimex lectularius) as a potential vector of Bartonella quintana; and we have described the Toscana virus, a major agent of meningitis and meningoencephalitis which was disseminated in North Africa and Central and Eastern Europe, where it frequently cocirculates with a large number of newly described phleboviruses transmitted by sand flies.

}, keywords = {arbovirus, arthropods, fleas, lice, phlebovirus, sand fly, ticks, Toscana virus, virus}, issn = {20522975}, doi = {10.1016/j.nmni.2018.08.015}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2052297518300751}, author = {Remi N. Charrel and Jean-michel Berenger and Maureen Laroche and Nazli Ayhan and BITAM, I. and Pascal Delaunay and Parola,Phillipe} } @article {94734, title = {Suspected and Confirmed Vector-Borne Rickettsioses of North America Associated with Human Diseases}, journal = {Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease}, volume = {3}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan 2018}, pages = {17 pp}, abstract = {

he identification of pathogenic rickettsial agents has expanded over the last two decades. In North America, the majority of human cases are caused by tick-borne rickettsioses but rickettsiae transmitted by lice, fleas, mites and other arthropods are also responsible for clinical disease. Symptoms are generally nonspecific or mimic other infectious diseases; therefore, diagnosis and treatment may be delayed. While infection with most rickettsioses is relatively mild, delayed diagnosis and treatment may lead to increased morbidity and mortality. This review will discuss the ecology, epidemiology and public health importance of suspected and confirmed vector-transmitted Rickettsia species of North America associated with human diseases.

}, keywords = {arthropods, fleas, lice, mites, North America, rickettiosis, Rickettsia, ticks}, doi = {10.3390/tropicalmed3010002}, url = {http://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/3/1/2}, author = {Melissa Hardstone_Yoshimizu and Sarah A. Billeter} } @article {94662, title = {Wildlife parasitology in Australia: past, present and future}, journal = {Australian Journal of Zoology}, volume = {66}, year = {2019}, month = {April 2019}, pages = {286 - 305}, abstract = {

Wildlife parasitology is a highly diverse area of research encompassing many fields including taxonomy, ecology, pathology and epidemiology, and with participants from extremely disparate scientific fields. In addition, the organisms studied are highly dissimilar, ranging from platyhelminths, nematodes and acanthocephalans to insects, arachnids, crustaceans and protists. This review of the parasites of wildlife in Australia highlights the advances made to date, focussing on the work, interests and major findings of researchers over the years and identifies current significant gaps that exist in our understanding. The review is divided into three sections covering protist, helminth and arthropod parasites. The challenge to document the diversity of parasites in Australia continues at a traditional level but the advent of molecular methods has heightened the significance of this issue. Modern methods are providing an avenue for major advances in documenting and restructuring the phylogeny of protistan parasites in particular, while facilitating the recognition of species complexes in helminth taxa previously defined by traditional morphological methods. The life cycles, ecology and general biology of most parasites of wildlife in Australia are extremely poorly understood. While the phylogenetic origins of the Australian vertebrate fauna are complex, so too are the likely origins of their parasites, which do not necessarily mirror those of their hosts. This aspect of parasite evolution is a continuing area for research in the case of helminths, but remains to be addressed for many other parasitic groups.

}, keywords = {Acanthocephalans, arthropods, molecular methods, morphology, Nematodes, platyhelminths, protists.}, issn = {0004-959X}, doi = {10.1071/ZO19017}, url = {http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=ZO19017}, author = {Spratt,D. M. and Ian Beveridge} } @conference {94629, title = {Diversidad de especies del filo arthropoda en aves del {\'A}rea de Conservaci{\'o}n Privada Panguana, Hu{\'a}nuco, Per{\'u}}, booktitle = {XXI CONGRESO NACIONAL DE BIOLOGIA}, year = {2018}, month = {October 2018}, address = {Trujillo, Peru}, abstract = {

Conference poster in Spanish

RESUMEN

Per\ú es parte del Convenio sobre Diversidad Biol\ógica desde el a\ño 1992, y aun nuestra capacidad de cumplir con los compromisos es insuficiente, basta con revisar el \último informe nacional sobre aplicaci\ón del convenio en el cual se manifiesta que la base de datos del estado o situaci\ón de nuestra biodiversidad es limitada. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio, en el \Área de Conservaci\ón Privada Panguana, en el departamento de Hu\ánuco, fue identificar las especies del filo Arthropoda que parasitan a las aves de dicho territorio. Entre marzo y abril de 2017 se capturaron 81 aves pertenecientes a cinco \órdenes, once familias y treintaiuna especies, ninguna de las cuales estuvo incluida en el libro rojo de aves amenazadas en el Per\ú. El porcentaje de especies correspondiente al Orden Passeriformes fue 77.4\% (24/31), siendo este el mayor de todas las aves capturadas. El total de aves infestadas fue 72.8\% (59/81), y los par\ásitos hallados pertenec\ían a las ordenes
Phthiraptera, Astigmata, Mesostigmata e Ixodida. Los ectopar\ásitos comunes a la mayor\ía de las aves pertenec\ían a piojos de los g\éneros Trochiloecotes y Trochiliphagus; \ácaros de los g\éneros Amerodectes y Proctophyllodes; y garrapata del genero Amblyomma. Por otro lado, los menos comunes fueron \ácaros de los g\éneros Paralgopsis, Andralaelaps y Dermanyssus; y piojos de los g\éneros Philopterus, Ricinus y Penenirmus. La aparente resiliencia debida a la baja especificidad parasito-hospedero podr\ía ser una ventaja en las condiciones del \Área de Conservaci\ón Privada Panguana, un supuesto que la biolog\ía molecular tendr\ía que resolver.

Palabras clave: Bosque neotropical, aves silvestres, artr\ópodos.

English title:\ Diversity of species of the phylum arthropoda in birds of the Panguana Private Conservation Area, Hu\ánuco, Peru

Abstract

Peru is part of the Convention on Biological Diversity since 1992, and even our capacity to comply with the commitments is insufficient, it is enough to review the last national report on application of the agreement in which it is stated that the database of the state or situation of our biodiversity is limited. Therefore, the objective of the present study, in the Private Conservation Area Panguana, in the department of Hu\ánuco, was to identify the species of the phylum Arthropod that parasitize the birds of said territory. Between March and April 2017, eighty one birds belonging to five orders, eleven families and thirty one species were captured, none of which was included in the red book of threatened birds in Peru. The percentage of species corresponding to the Passeriformes Order was 77.4\% (24/31), this being the highest of all the birds captured. The total infested birds were 72.8\% (59/81), and the parasites found belonged to the orders Phthiraptera, Astigmata, Mesostigmata and Ixodida. The ectoparasites common to most of the birds belonged to lice of the genera Trochiloecotes and Trochiliphagus; mites of the genera Amerodectes and Proctophyllodes; and tick of the Amblyomma genus. On the other hand, the least common were mites of the genera Paralgopsis, Andralaelaps and Dermanyssus; and lice of the genera Philopterus, Ricinus and Penenirmus. The apparent resilience due to low parasite-host specificity could be an advantage in the conditions of the Panguana Private Conservation Area, an assumption that molecular biology would have to resolve. Key words: Neotropical forest, wild birds, arthropods.

}, keywords = {arthropods, Neotropical forest, wild birds}, doi = {DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.36178.81606}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329167643_Diversity_of_species_of_the_phylum_arthropoda_in_birds_of_the_Panguana_Private_Conservation_Area_Huanuco_Peru}, author = {Carlos Alberto Pineda and Ferm{\'\i}n Fonseca and David Minaya} } @article {94580, title = {Insects and the Transmission of Bacterial Agents}, journal = {Microbiology Spectrum}, volume = {6}, year = {2018}, month = {May-10-2018}, pages = {MTBP- 0017-2016}, type = {On-line}, abstract = {

Arthropods are small invertebrate animals, among which some species are hematophagous. It is during their blood meal that they can transmit pathogenic microorganisms that they may be harboring to the vertebrate host that they parasitize, which in turn will potentially develop a vector-borne disease. The transmission may occur directly through their bite, but also through contaminated feces. Zoonotic diseases, diseases that can naturally be transmitted between humans and animals, are a considerable part of emerging diseases worldwide, and a major part of them are vector-borne. Research and public attention has long been focused on malaria and mosquito-borne arboviruses, and bacterial vector-borne diseases remains today a neglected field of medical entomology. Despite the emphasis on Lyme disease in recent decades, and despite the major outbreaks caused by bacteria in the last few centuries, this field has in fact been poorly explored and is therefore relatively poorly known, other than the most famous examples such as the plague and epidemic typhus outbreaks. Here we propose to review the state of knowledge of bacterial agents transmitted by arthropod vectors.

}, keywords = {arthropods, bacteria, lice, mosquitoes, Rickettsia}, doi = {10.1128/microbiolspec.MTBP-0017-2016}, url = {http://www.asmscience.org/content/journal/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.MTBP-0017-2016}, author = {Maureen Laroche and Didier Raoult and Parola,Phillipe} } @article {94544, title = {Bacterial arthropod-borne diseases in West Africa}, journal = {Acta Tropica}, volume = {171}, year = {2017}, pages = {124 - 137}, abstract = {

Arthropods such as ticks, lice, fleas and mites are excellent vectors for many pathogenic agents including bacteria, protozoa and viruses to animals. Moreover, many of these pathogens can also be accidentally transmitted to humans throughout the world. Bacterial vector-borne diseases seem to be numerous and very important in human pathology, however, they are often ignored and are not well known. Yet they are in a phase of geographic expansion and play an important role in the etiology of febrile episodes in regions of Africa. Since the introduction of molecular techniques, the presence of these pathogens has been confirmed in various samples from arthropods and animals, and more rarely from human samples in West Africa. In this review, the aim is to summarize the latest information about vector-borne bacteria, focusing on West Africa from 2000 until today in order to better understand the epidemiological risks associated with these arthropods. This will allow health and veterinary authorities to develop a strategy for surveillance of arthropods and bacterial disease in order to protect people and animals.

}, keywords = {arthropods, Bacterial disease, west africa}, issn = {0001706X}, doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.03.029}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0001706X16310841}, author = {C. B. Ehounoud and Florence Fenollar and Mustapha Dahmani and J. D. N{\textquoteright}Guessan and Didier Raoult and Oleg Mediannikov} } @article {68820, title = {Alternative nest-building behavior of the Long-legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus) and the Short-toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) in the Judean Foothills, and the parasitic and non-parasitic arthropod fauna in their nests}, journal = {Isreal Journal of Entomology}, volume = {43}, year = {2013}, pages = {11 - 19}, abstract = {

One of the most common explanations of the alternative nest-building behavior\ in raptors\’ population is the \“Ectoparasite-avoidance\’\’ hypothesis,\ which claims that switching to alternative nests each year reduces nests\’\ parasites that could decrease their breeding success. Our aim was to investigate\ this hypothesis concerning the Judean Long-legged Buzzard (Buteo\ rufinus) and Short-toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) population, in Israel.\ Furthermore, we also investigated whether any specific parasites for each\ of these raptors\’ species actually exist.

Thirty-one nests of Long-legged Buzzards (LLB) and 61 nests of Shorttoed\ Eagles (STE) were located and systematically examined during the\ period of February-September 2011, in an area of 450 km2 in the Judean\ Foothills, Israel. Nest material samples were collected from the center of\ the nest of 26 LLB and 45 STE nests. Four specimens of the Mallophaga\ Laemobothrion maximum were isolated from three nests of LLB and one\ male of Degeeriella leucopleura from a nest of STE. In addition, a hard\ tick larva (Rhipicephalus sp.), an argasid nymph (Argas sp.) and six specimens\ of dermanyssid mites were \ isolated from nests of STE. In 82.1\% of\ the LLB nests, Coleoptera larvae and/or adults were found, most of them\ belonging to the families Scarabaeidae, Buprestidae, Elateridae and Dermestidae.\ In 89.8\% of the STE nests, Coleoptera larvae and/or adults were\ found, most of them belonging to the families Buprestidae, Tenebrionidae,\ Curculionidae, Dermestidae, Elateridae, Coccinellidae and\ Chrysomelidae.\ The vast majority of the isolated beetles were damaged and in more or\ less small pieces. In addition, few specimens of silverfish (Lepismatidae),\ book lice (Psocidae), ants (Formicidae) and true flies (Muscidae), as well\ as spiders (Araneae), scorpions (Scorpionida) and pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpionida)\ were isolated from the nests of both species.

Although nest parasites were actually found, in significant small numbers,\ we cannot support the \“ectoparasite-avoidance\” hypothesis in our study\ system. Furthermore, no species specific ectoparasites for either LLB or\ STE were found.

}, keywords = {alternative nest, arthropods, Isreal, Long-legged Buzzard, parasites, Short-toed Eagle}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/68820.pdf}, author = {Friedemann, Guilad and Izhaki, Ido and Leshem, Yossi and Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu} } @article {46787, title = {Safraninf{\"a}rbung f{\"u}r Mazerationspr{\"a}parate von Anoplura und anderen Kleinarthropoda}, journal = {Mikroskopie}, volume = {21}, year = {1967}, note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 0376654; ppublish}, month = {1967}, pages = {323 - 327}, address = {AUSTRIA}, keywords = {animals, arthropods, Microscopy, Phase-Contrast, Staining and Labeling}, isbn = {0026-3702}, url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46787.pdf}, author = {Ludwig,Herbert Wolfgang and Schmidbauer,B.} } @article {46678, title = {Arthropods (Siphonaptera, Anoplura, Coleoptera, Acarina) collected from small mammals in Rumania}, journal = {Wiadomosci parazytologiczne}, volume = {26}, year = {1980}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 0420554; RF: 52; ppublish}, month = {1980}, pages = {679 - 710}, address = {POLAND}, keywords = {Acari, animals, Anoplura, arthropods, Beetles, fleas, population density, Rodentia/parasitology, Romania}, isbn = {0043-5163}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281294251_Stawonogi_Siphonaptera_Anoplura_Acari_zebrane_z_drobnych_ssakow_Rumunii}, author = {Haitlinger,Ryszard} } @article {46644, title = {Ectoparasites of sharp-tailed grouse, Pediocetes phasianellus}, journal = {Journal of wildlife diseases}, volume = {17}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {229 - 235}, abstract = {Seven species of ectoparasites were recovered during a survey of sharp-tailed grouse, Pediocetes phasianellus, including the ticks, Haemaphysalis chordeilis and H. leporispalustris; the lice, Goniodes nebraskensis, Lagopoecus gibsoni and Amyrsidea sp.; the hippoboscid fly, Ornithomyia anchineuria; and the mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum. Seasonal changes in populations of ticks and lice were found but not for populations of the hippoboscids or mites. All stages of H. Chordeilis were found on sharp-tailed grouse only. Larvae and nymphs of H. leporispalustris were found on sharp-tailed grouse and song birds. Larvae, nymphs and adults of H. leporispalustris were recovered from a snowshoe hare. Small mammals from the study area did not harbour any species of ticks.}, keywords = {animals, arthropods, bird diseases, Bird parasites, canada, ectoparasite, lice, mites, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Seasons, Sex Factors, Species Specificity, ticks}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45579.pdf}, author = {Dick,T. A.} } @article {46517, title = {Arthropod bites, stings, and infestations: their prevention and treatment}, journal = {Pediatric dermatology}, volume = {3}, year = {1986}, note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 8406799; ppublish}, month = {1986}, pages = {189 - 197}, address = {UNITED STATES}, abstract = {Readily available information as to the management of arthropod bites, stings, and infestations is important to have but often difficult to find. This article brings such information together in one reference for use by the practicing pediatrician, dermatologist, and family practitioner. Preventive measures are stressed and therapy is outlined for each entity; the rationale for many of the interventions is discussed. It is not the intent of this paper to cover each subject comprehensively.}, keywords = {arachnida, arthropods, bedbugs, child, Cnidaria, Culicidae, ectoparasite, fleas, humans, Hymenoptera, Insect Bites, stings, larva migrans, lice, Pruritus, Scabies}, isbn = {0736-8046}, author = {Honig,P. J.} } @article {40397, title = {Host-mediated site-segregation of ectoparasites: an individual-based simulation study}, journal = {Journal of Parasitology}, volume = {84}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {491 - 498}, abstract = {

Coexisting ectoparasite species tend to evolve different site-specificities due to site-segregation. This may result either from a direct interaction between ectoparasite species such as competition for resources or from the selective pressure upon parasite populations exerted by host defence, i.e. a host-mediated interaction. Here we present an individual-based simulation model for the coevolution of one host and two parasite species to test this latter hypothesis. Parasite species are generalists at the start of the simulation process and develop site-specificities due to selective pressure exerted by the hosts. Hosts are selected to maximise the effectiveness of defence. We describe certain conditions that affect the emergence of site-segregation under the following assumptions: (1) parasite populations are not subject to resource limitations but are limited directly by host defence as \‘predation\’; (2) hosts have two sites that need different defensive abilities to reduce their parasite burden; (3) parasites need to exhibit different evasive abilities to survive on different sites; (4) both the defensive abilities of the hosts and the evasive abilities of the parasites have a genetic background; (5) host grooming selects parasites for an increasing capability for evasion while parasites select hosts for an increasing efficiency of grooming, (6) parasite transmission is horizontal. Two trade-offs are incorporated into the model, a host trade-off between host defensive abilities on the two sites; and a parasite trade-off in parasite evasive abilities on the two sites. The following features of host-parasite coevolution are analyzed by simulation experiments: (a) persistence of coexistence of the two parasite species; (b) site-specialization of parasite species; (c) site-segregation of parasite species; (d) frequency distribution of parasites. We conclude that the optimization of host defence and parasite evasion strategies may select ectoparasites for site-segregation and this may stabilize the coexistence of parasite species. When both parasite species survived, complexity increased spontaneosly during the simulation runs: (i) frequency distribution of parasites changed from uniform to an aggregated one; (ii) generalist parasite species developed site-specificities and (iii) tended to segregate their specificities toward different sites. Thus a macroevolutionary trade-off emerged between the two parasite species.

}, keywords = {arthropods, communities, ecology, impala, lice, model, parasitism, Phthiraptera, specificity}, doi = {10.2307/3284711}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/40397.pdf}, author = {Jen{\H o} Reiczigel and Lajos R{\'o}zsa} } @article {40383, title = {Elements for positive diagnosis of ectoparasitosis in ruminants}, journal = {Point Veterinaire}, volume = {29}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {45 - 49}, abstract = {Ticks, tabanidae, muscidae cause ectoparasitoses on outdoor animals, and mites (mange and lice) on indoor ruminants. Usually the young are more sensitive than the adults. In bovine with lice, the pruritus causes hair lesions (broken hair), and alopecic areas. The clinical signs are worse in case of mange. The lesions are similar in sheep, but spread on different areas. Mange due to sarcoptes scabei can seriously affect the general condition of the affected sheep. The parasite is found insitu and by sampling (skin scrape). The analysis requires a magnifying glass or a microscope (4 figures,1 box, 57 references).}, keywords = {Acari, arthropods, cattle, Diagnosis, ectoparasite, mange, parasite, Parasitology, Psoroptes ovis, ruminants}, author = {Lonneux,J. F. and Losson,B.} } @article {40177, title = {Ectoparasites of opossums and raccoons in southeastern Georgia}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {31}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {915 - 919}, abstract = {Twelve species of ectoparasites (four fleas, three ticks, three chiggers, one macronyssid mite, and one atopomelid mite) were recovered from 42 opossums, Didelphis virginiana Kerr, live- trapped from September 1992 through April 1994 in southeastern Georgia. The fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche) (prevalence = 19\%) and Polygenis gwyni (C. Fox) (36\%); the ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (40\%) and Ixodes scapularis Say (19\%); and the macronyssid mite, Ornithonyssus wernecki (Fonseca) (21\%), exhibited the highest infestation prevalences on opossums. The atopomelid mite, Didelphilichus serrifer Fain, and the chigger mite Leptotrombidium peromysci Vercammen- Grandjean \& Langston, both ectoparasites of opossums, are reported from Gerogia for the first time. Six species of ectoparasites (one chewing louse, four ticks, and one macronyssid mite) were collected from 58 raccoons, Procyon lotor (L.), examined between October 1992 and September 1993 in the same region. The chewing louse, Trichodectes octomaculatus Paine (prevalence = 24\%); and the ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.) (69\%), D. variabilis (55\%), and Ixodes texanus Banks (24\%), exhibited the highest infestation prevalences on raccoons. Three species of ticks, A. americanum, D. variabilis, and I. scapularis, were the only ectoparasites recovered from both host species. Several of the ectoparasites collected are proven vectors of pathogenic agents that affect humans and animals.}, keywords = {Acari, amblyomma, arthropods, ectoparasite, mice, opossums}, url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/2824.pdf}, author = {Pung,O. J. and Lance A. Durden and Banks,C. W. and Jones,D. N.} } @article {40090, title = {Ectoparasites of Siberian Jerboa, Allactaga sibirica Foster, from Kirghizstan}, journal = {Parazitologiya}, volume = {26}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {209 - 215}, abstract = {

Studies on the Siberian jerboa Allactaga sibirica from the Issyk-Kul Lake region and Inner Tien-Shan have revealed a complex consisting of 47 species of parasitic arthropods belonging to four orders: Acariformes, Parasitiformes, Anoplura and Siphonaptera. In the Issyk-Kul Lake region the following species of this complex were most abundant: Androlaelaps semidesertus - abundance index (AI 73.7 \%), Mesopsylla tuschkan kochkor (AI 52.3 \%), Ophtalmopsylla volgensis (AI 44.8 \%) in Inner Tien-Shan Dipolaelaps ubsunuris (AI 88.7 \%) and Amphipsylla primaris (AI 83.2 \%) The Siberian jerboa has close host-parasite relationships with the mites Cheyletus allactaga, Radfordia (Austromyobia) allactaga and the louse Eulinognathus allactagae. Index of similarity between the ectoparasite faunas of Siberian jerboa in the Issyk-Kul Lake region and Inner Tien- Shan amounted to 24.3 \%.

}, keywords = {allactaga sibirica, arthropods, number, parasite}, url = {https://www.zin.ru/journals/parazitologiya/content/1992/prz_1992_3_3_Сhirov.pdf}, author = {Chirov,P. A. and Tranbaev,J. M.} }