02194nas a2200217 4500008004100000022002500041245014400066210006900210260001600279300001400295490000700309520144600316653001501762653002401777653002201801100002101823700001801844700002701862700002801889856005901917 2022 eng d a0022-2585, 1938-292800aThe Attractivity of the Head Louse, Pediculus humanus capitis (Pediculidae: Anoplura) to Isolated Compounds and Blends of Human Skin0 aAttractivity of the Head Louse iPediculus humanus capitisi Pedic cApr-28-2022 a1171-11760 v593 a

Human head lice Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) are ectoparasites that cause pediculosis, a global scale disease mainly found in school-age children. Previous works from our laboratory found nonanal, sulcatone, and geranylacetone as the main human scalp volatile components, and individually evaluated their attraction to head lice using an olfactometer. In this work, we compared how their blends at different concentrations attract head lice, and how their blended effect compares to the effect of isolated compounds. At the concentrations evaluated, individual components did not show attraction towards head lice, but a ternary mixture of them was attractive. Moreover, a solvent extract from the human head scalp was analyzed by GC-MS, finding that tetradecanoic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, and squalene are the most abundant components. Attraction to these individual compounds at natural concentrations was tested by bioassays in a circular experimental arena. No attraction was observed when the components were tested individually, but when they were evaluated as a blend they attracted head lice. This work presents new information about how chemical signals are attractive at certain concentrations and proportions. This information could be used to better understand communication mechanisms in head lice and for the development of louse repellents.

10aHead louse10ahead scalp compound10ainsect attraction1 aAdjemian, Victor1 aGalassi, F.G.1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aGonzález-Audino, Paola uhttps://academic.oup.com/jme/article/59/4/1171/657555603274nas a2200325 4500008004100000022002500041245008200066210007500148260001600223300001200239490000700251520228700258653001402545653001202559653001102571100002502582700002502607700002002632700002402652700001902676700002802695700002702723700002602750700002202776700002102798700001902819700002602838700003202864856005202896 2022 eng d a0377-9777, 1308-252300aBaş biti enfestasyonlarının etkin kontrolü için uluslararası tavsiyeler0 aBaş biti enfestasyonlarının etkin kontrolü için uluslararası tav cJan-01-2022 a748-7610 v793 a

Baş biti enfestasyonlarının etkin kontrolü için uluslararası tavsiyeler

Baş biti enfestasyonları, en gelişmiş olanlar da dâhil olmak üzere çoğu ülkede halk sağlığını ilgilendiren bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Makalede sunulan tavsiyeler, bu parazitin prevalansını azaltmak amacıyla baş biti kontrolünde farklı otoritelerin, kurumların, endüstrinin ve kamunun rollerini ve etkilerini vurgulamayı ve bilgilendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sağlık yetkililerini, bu tür enfestasyonların doğru şekilde tespit edilmesi; mevcut ve yeni pedikülositler, tıbbi cihazlar, repellentler, bit ve yumurta giderici ürünlerin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla daha etkili yöntemler izlemeye teşvik etmeyi umuyoruz. Pedikülositler ve tıbbi cihazlar, kullanım talimatlarında doğrulanabilir açıklamalara sahip olmalı ayrıca aktif bileşenlere ve formüle ürünlere karşı bitlerin direnç seviyelerinin mevcut durumunu belgelemek için periyodik olarak test edilmelidir. Bit yaygınlığının salgın düzeyine ulaştığı iddiaları ortaya atıldığında, gerçek yaygınlık düzeyinin kanıtlanması amacıyla çocuklar periyodik aralıklarla objektif olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Sağlık hizmeti sunanlar ve toplum geneli için düzenlenen sürekli eğitimlerle bitlerin biyolojisi, önlenmesi ve kontrolü konusundaki yanlış bilgilerin düzeltilmesi sağlanabilir. Ebeveynler, çocuklarını baş biti açısından düzenli olarak kontrol etmeli ve gerektiğinde tedavi etmelidir. Sağlık yetkilileri, vakaları ve yaygınlığı azaltmada bir araç olarak kullanılan ancak bilimsel gerekçesi olmadığı gibi çocukların sağlığı ve huzuruna da ters etki yapan “sirkeye geçit yok- no-nit politikası” tarzında çocukları okuldan uzaklaştırmaya dayalı politika ve uygulamaların ortadan kaldırılması için mücadele etmelidir.

The English version see https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ijd.15096 Or https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/node/95099

 

10aBaş biti10akontrol10atedavi1 aMumcuoglu, Kosta, Y.1 aPollack, Richard, J.1 aReed, David, L.1 aBarker, Stephen, C.1 aGordon, S., C.1 aToloza, Ariel, Ceferino1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aTaylan-Ozkan, Aysegul1 aChosidow, Olivier1 aHabedank, Birgit1 aIbarra, Joanna1 aMeinking, Terri, Lynn1 aStichele, Robert, H. Vander uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5505/turkhijyen.2022.7887201888nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260001600214490000700230520123200237653008401469100003101553700002701584700002001611856008701631 2020 eng d a1467-803900aMouthpart sensory structures of the human head louse Pediculus humanus capitis0 aMouthpart sensory structures of the human head louse iPediculus  cNov-01-20200 v593 a

Head lice are exclusive human parasitic blood-sucking insects. Distributed worldwide among school-age children, this parasitosis generates scalp irritation and sometimes social prejudice. Understanding how head lice detect and perceive their human hosts is crucial to control transmission. Here, we describe the sensory structures present on the mouthparts of Pediculus humanus capitis and their possible contribution to the feeding decision-making process. On the anterior zone of the clypeus around the haustellum two morphological types of sensilla, invariable in location and number, were identified: fourteen short clypeus bristles (SCB) and six long clypeus bristles (LCB). During feeding these structures contact the host skin but not its blood. Located antero-dorsally on the everted haustellum and between the epipharyngeal teeth, a third sensillar type was identified: about four short peg epipharyngeal (SPE) sensilla. These structures are bathed with the incoming blood, when head lice feed, so may have a gustatory role. In behavioural experiments antennectomy of lice did not interfere with feeding behaviour, suggesting that the sensory structures on the mouthparts could be involved in host assessment.

10aAntennectomy; Feeding; Head lice; Pediculus humanus capitis; Sensory structures1 aOrtega-Insaurralde, Isabel1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aBarrozo, R., B. uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1467803920301195?via%3Dihub02109nas a2200229 4500008004100000022002500041245010000066210006900166260001400235300001200249490000700261520139800268653001201666653001501678653001501693653002201708653001301730100003101743700002701774700002001801856005801821 2021 eng d a0269-283X, 1365-291500aSensory features of the human louse antenna: new contributions and comparisons between ecotypes0 aSensory features of the human louse antenna new contributions an cJune 2021 a219-2240 v353 a

Body and head lice are known to be exclusive ectoparasites of human hosts. Current genomic and transcriptomic data suggest that both louse types represent ecotypes of the same species. They exhibit morphological and physiological differences that probably arose from living in different biotopes. Sensory traits represent suitable candidates to be affected by environmental heterogeneity. Therefore, through scanning electron microscope studies, this study analysed and compared the sensory structures of both ecotypes' antennae. Seven types of sensory structures were identified in both ecotypes: bristles, tuft organs, pore organs, single pore and three morphotypes of sensilla basiconica. Notably, the single pore and the morphotypes of sensilla basiconica were described for the first time in the body louse antenna. This study's comparative analysis mainly revealed size differences across the sensory structures of the ecotypes. Bristles of the flagellomere 2 of the body louse antenna were longer than the head louse bristles. In addition, the pore organs of the head louse antenna presented a higher diameter than those of the body louse. The possible relevance of size differences regarding the biotopes exploited by the body louse and the head louse is discussed. Yet, physiological studies may help to fully understand the phenotypical differences of both ecotypes.

10aantenna10abody louse10aHead louse10aPediculus humanus10asensilla1 aOrtega-Insaurralde, Isabel1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aBarrozo, R., B. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mve.1248502479nas a2200241 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260001200212300001000224490000700234520171800241653001801959653001301977653001501990653002002005653001302025100003102038700002302069700002802092700002702120700002002147856007002167 2019 eng d00aThe Sensory Machinery of the Head Louse Pediculus humanus capitis: From the Antennae to the Brain0 aSensory Machinery of the Head Louse Pediculus humanus capitis Fr c04-2019 a12 pp0 v103 a

Insect antennae are sophisticated sensory organs, usually coated with sensory structures responsible for the detection of relevant signals of different modalities coming from the environment. Despite the relevance of the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis as a human parasite, the role of its antennal sensory system in the highly dependent relation established with their hosts has been barely studied. In this work we present a functional description of the antennae of these hematophagous insects by applying different approaches, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), anterograde antennal fluorescent backfills and behavioral experiments with intact or differentially antennectomized lice. Results were analyzed together as a first approach to identify, describe and determine the modality and role of the different sensilla of the head louse antenna. SEM images allowed us to identify a total of 35 - 40 sensilla belonging to 7 different types, that according to their morphology and architecture are candidates to bear mechano-, thermo-, hygro- or chemo-receptor functions. The anterograde backfills revealed a direct neural pathway to the antennal lobes, which present 8 - 10 glomerular-like diffuse structures. In the 2-choice behavioral experiments, intact lice chose scalp odors, warm surfaces (i.e., 32 ºC) and avoided wet substrates. Ablation of the different flagellomeres of their antenna resulted in the loss of the behavioral responses, allowing us to discuss about the location and function of the different identified sensilla. This is the first study that integrates morphological and behavioral aspects of the sensory machinery of head lice involved in host perception.

10aantennal lobe10aBehavior10aHead louse10ahost perception10asensilla1 aOrtega-Insaurralde, Isabel1 aMinoli, Sebastián1 aToloza, Ariel, Ceferino1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aBarrozo, R., B. uhttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.00434/full02502nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260001200240300001200252490000800264520168300272653001701955653001301972653001301985653001301998653001602011100001802027700003102045700002102076700002802097700002702125700002802152856005602180 2021 eng d a0932-011300aHead lice were also affected by COVID-19: a decrease on Pediculosis infestation during lockdown in Buenos Aires0 aHead lice were also affected by COVID19 a decrease on Pediculosi c01-2021 a443-4500 v1203 a

Pediculosis is a worldwide disease affecting school-aged children produced by the presence of the head louse,Pediculushumanus capitisDe Geer, an obligate ectoparasite on the human scalp feeding exclusively on blood. Transmission occursprimarily through direct physical head-to-head contact. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared theCOVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2, a variant of the coronavirus. Therefore, on March 18,2020, the Argentinean government established mandatory isolation for an indefinite period. This obligatory isolation interruptedregular classes avoiding direct contact between children, thus affecting the dispersal route of individuals and the evolution of headlouse populations. In this study, we evaluated through an online survey how confinement affected the prevalence of lice duringlockdown compared to the situation prior to confinement. The survey allowed to discriminate the different control strategies, thenumber of treatments, and the amount of insects recorded by parents. Data of 1118 children obtained from 627 surveys wereanalyzed. As the main result, it was observed that prevalence of lice decreased significantly from before (69.6%) to during(43.9%) COVID-19 lockdown. Moreover, head lice infestation was more effectively controlled in households with up to 2children in comparison to households with 3 or more children. This is the first study that analyzed the prevalence of head liceduring COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, this work demonstrated the impact of social distance in the population dynamics ofhead lice and how it could affect the control strategies in the future

10aBuenos Aires10aCovid-1910aHead lic10aLockdown10aPediculosis1 aGalassi, F.G.1 aOrtega-Insaurralde, Isabel1 aAdjemian, Victor1 aGonzález-Audino, Paola1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aToloza, Ariel, Ceferino uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00436-020-07038-y02103nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245012200055210006900177260001200246300001600258490000800274520141000282653001401692100002301706700003301729700002501762700002701787700002801814856005501842 2012 eng d a0932-011300aComparative efficacy of new commercial pediculicides against adults and eggs of Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice)0 aComparative efficacy of new commercial pediculicides against adu c05-2012 a1601 - 16060 v1103 a

The use of pyrethroids to control head louse infestations have suffered considerable loss of efficacy due to the development of resistance. In the last past years, several new alternative products to synthetic pyrethroids have been developed and are sold in the Argentinean market against head lice. The present study investigated the efficacy of two new Argentinean products Nopucid Qubit® and Nopucid Bio Citrus® and its comparison with two reference products Nyda® and Hedrin®. Nopucid Qubit® is a two-phase lotion containing geraniol and citronellol (phase 1) and ciclopentaxiloxane (phase 2); while Nopucid Bio Citrus® contains dimethicone, ciclopentaxiloxane, and bergamot essential oil. These products are physically acting compounds. The sensitivity of two laboratory assays for testing insecticide activity of new formulations was also compared. Mortality (100%) of motile forms occurred after they were exposed to any product for 1 and 2 min, either by in vitro or ex vivo test. Concerning ovicidal activity, the most effective pediculicides were Nopucid Bio Citrus® and Nyda®, followed by Hedrin® and Nopucid Qubit®. The present study revealed, for the first time, the efficacy of over-the-counter commercial pediculicides available in Argentine (Nopucid Bio Citrus® and Nopucid Qubit®) on either motile stages or eggs against head lice.

10ahead lice1 aGallardo, Anabella1 aMougabure-Cueto, Gastón, A.1 aVassena, Claudia, V.1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aToloza, Ariel, Ceferino uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00436-011-2668-x03176nas a2200325 4500008004100000022001400041245008600055210006900141260001200210300001200222490000700234520216300241653002702404653002502431653001802456100002502474700002502499700002002524700002402544700001902568700002802587700002702615700002602642700002202668700002102690700001902711700002602730700003202756856006202788 2021 eng d a0011-905900aInternational recommendations for an effective control of head louse infestations0 aInternational recommendations for an effective control of head l c08-2020 a272-2800 v603 a

Head louse infestations continue to be a concern of public health in most countries, including the most developed ones. The present recommendations are intended to inform and stress the role and impact of the different authorities, institutions, industry, and the public in the control of head lice in order to reduce the prevalence of this parasite. We encourage health authorities to pursue more effective methods to correctly identify such infestations, and evaluate existing and new pediculicides, medical devices, louse repellents, and louse‐ and nit‐removal remedies. Pediculicides and medical devices must have verifiable claims in the instructions for use and should be tested periodically to document current levels of resistance by lice to the active ingredients and to the formulated products. Where the prevalence of lice is claimed to be epidemic, children should be periodically evaluated objectively to document the actual level of prevalence. Continuing education for health providers and the general population promises to correct misinformation regarding the biology, prevention, and management of lice. Parents should regularly inspect their children for head lice and treat as necessary. Health authorities are encouraged to eliminate policies and practices that rely upon school exclusion as a means to reduce incidence and prevalence, e.g., the ‘no‐nit’ policy which lacks scientific justification, and are counterproductive to the health and welfare of children.

Attachment 95099.pdf -online version published 2020

The published version in Turkish, see Mumcuoğlu KY, Pollack RJ, Reed D, Barker S, Gordon S, Toloza AC, Picollo MI, Taylan Özkan A, Chosidow O, Habedank B, Ibarra J, Meinking TL, Vander Stichele R. Baş biti enfestasyonlarının etkin kontrolü için uluslararası tavsiyeler Turk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 2021; 79(4): 748–761. doi: 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2022.78872 https://www.turkhijyen.org/jvi.aspx?pdir=turkhijyen&plng=tur&un=THDBD-78872&look4= OR DOI: 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2022.78872 OR https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/node/96144

10ahead louse infestation10ahead louse treatment10aPediculicides1 aMumcuoglu, Kosta, Y.1 aPollack, Richard, J.1 aReed, David, L.1 aBarker, Stephen, C.1 aGordon, S., C.1 aToloza, Ariel, Ceferino1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aTaylan-Ozkan, Aysegul1 aChosidow, Olivier1 aHabedank, Birgit1 aIbarra, Joanna1 aMeinking, Terri, Lynn1 aStichele, Robert, H. Vander uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ijd.1509602513nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245006400055210006300119260001100182300001200193490000700205520186000212653002402072653002202096653001002118653001402128100001802142700002702160700002802187856008002215 2020 eng d a0022-258500aHead Louse Feces: Chemical Analysis and Behavioral Activity0 aHead Louse Feces Chemical Analysis and Behavioral Activity c3-2020 a336-3420 v573 a

Human head lice Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer) (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) are insect parasites closely associated with humans, feeding on the blood of their hosts and causing them skin irritation and probable secondary infections. Despite being a severe nuisance, very few studies have reported on intraspecific chemical communication in head lice. Here, we evaluated the attractive response of head lice to the volatile compounds and solvent extracts from their feces. We also chemically analyzed the main volatile components of these feces and those of the feces’ extracts. Head lice were attracted to the methanol extract of their feces but not to the hexane or dichloromethane extracts, suggesting the polar nature of bioactive chemicals present in head louse feces. Follow-up chemical identifications, in fact, showed the presence of hypoxanthine, uric acid, and another purine tentatively identified as either guanine or iso-guanine. Additionally, head lice were significantly attracted by volatiles emitted from samples containing feces. The volatiles emanated from feces alone contained 19 identified substances: 2-pentanone, hexanal, heptanal, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, octanal, sulcatone, nonanal, acetic acid, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, decanal, 1-octanol, butyric acid, 1-nonanol, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2,6-dimethyl-7-octen-2-ol, 2-undecanone, geranylacetone, and hexadecane. The major compounds found were decanal, nonanal, hexanal, and acetic acid, together representing approximately 60% of the identified compounds. This work represents the first chemical evidence of intraspecies communication among head lice. The results support the existence of active substances present in the feces of P. humanus capitis that may be involved in its aggregation behavior.

Attached pdf file is e-print ahead of printed version

10abehavioral activity10achemical analysis10afeces10ahead lice1 aGalassi, F.G.1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aGonzález-Audino, Paola uhttps://academic.oup.com/jme/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jme/tjz184/560735601827nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245007400055210006900129260001200198300001600210490000700226520121300233653001401446653001401460653001501474100001801489700002801507700002701535856005901562 2019 eng d a0022-258500aHead Lice Recognize and Prefer Head Odor Over Foot and Forearms Odors0 aHead Lice Recognize and Prefer Head Odor Over Foot and Forearms  c05-2020 a1204 - 12070 v563 a

Human head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae), are hematophagous parasites that infest human heads. They are extreme host specialists suggesting a strict selection behavior towards the human head by the parasites. Despite the public health relevance of P. humanus capitis, the role of chemical clues to select the human head is not well known. In the present study, we attempted to find out whether head lice recognize and select the odor of the head over the odor of other parts of the human body. Our results using a two-choice olfactometer demonstrated that head lice were highly attracted by the volatile compounds of the human odor air, but they did not show preference for the volatiles of head compared to the volatiles of other parts of the body (forearm or foot). Conversely, when head lice were exposed in an experimental arena to the whole human odor of different parts of the body, they showed a preferential response to the whole head odor compared with the whole foot or forearm odors. These results suggest that head lice can at short distance of the host, be oriented towards the head odor of the human host in the selection of the scalp environment.

10ahead lice10ahead odor10apreference1 aGalassi, F.G.1 aGonzález-Audino, Paola1 aPicollo, María, Inés uhttps://academic.oup.com/jme/article/56/5/1204/548872702193nas a2200265 4500008004100000245008000041210006900121260001400190300001400204490000800218520139800226653001501624653002001639653001501659653002201674653001401696100002401710700001301734700001401747700002801761700002701789700003201816700002001848856005901868 2013 eng d00aMitochondrial diversity in human head louse populations across the Americas0 aMitochondrial diversity in human head louse populations across t cJuly-2013 a118 - 1290 v1523 a

Anthropological studies suggest that the genetic makeup of human populations in the Americas is the result of diverse processes including the initial colonization of the continent by the first people plus post‐1492 European migrations. Because of the recent nature of some of these events, understanding the geographical origin of American human diversity is challenging. However, human parasites have faster evolutionary rates and larger population sizes allowing them to maintain greater levels of genetic diversity than their hosts. Thus, we can use human parasites to provide insights into some aspects of human evolution that may be unclear from direct evidence. In this study, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from 450 head lice in the Americas. Haplotypes clustered into two well‐supported haplogroups, known as A and B. Haplogroup frequencies differ significantly among North, Central and South America. Within each haplogroup, we found evidence of demographic expansions around 16,000 and 20,000 years ago, which correspond broadly with those estimated for Native Americans. The parallel timing of demographic expansions of human lice and Native Americans plus the contrasting pattern between the distribution of haplogroups A and B through the Americas suggests that human lice can provide additional evidence about the human colonization of the New World

10ahuman lice10ahuman parasites10amigrations10amitochondrial dna10anew world1 aAscunce, Marina, S.1 aFane, J.1 aKassu, G.1 aToloza, Ariel, Ceferino1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aGonzález-Oliver, Angélica1 aReed, David, L. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.2233602305nas a2200205 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143520159100212653001301803653001401816653001801830100001301848700002401861700001401885700002801899700002701927700003201954700002001986856009302006 2014 eng d00aMitochondrial Diversity of Human Head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) Across the Americas0 aMitochondrial Diversity of Human Head Lice iPediculus humanus ca3 a

A poster presentation of mitochondrial diversity of human head lice across Americas. 

Background

•Sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) are permanent and obligate ectoparasites of eutherian mammals. These highly specialized blood-sucking insects live in close association with their hosts where they complete their entire life cycle. This relationship has led to coevolution in which parasite diversification parallels that of the host (Figure 3 of poster).

• The human head louse has coevolved with humans over millions of years (Figure 1, Figure 2 of poster). Therefore, louse molecular data is valuable for studying the evolutionary history of lice and their human hosts.

•Human head lice are genetically diverse and have 3 deeply divergent mitochondrial (mtDNA) clades, named A, B, and C.

•Clothing lice (clade A) has been known to carry three bacterial pathogens. Genotypic louse data would be valuable to determine which clades of head lice have the potential to be carriers in order to combat resistance to pediculcides.

•Previous studies suggest that the three head louse clades have different evolutionary histories. Clade A appears to be uniquely linked to its Homo sapiens host (modern humans). Clade B, however, appears to have evolved on an archaic hominin in Europe (possibly H. neanderthalensis) and later switched to modern H. sapiens. Clade C appears to have evolved on an archaic hominin in Asia (possibly H. erectus) or Africa.

10aAmericas10ahead lice10amitochondrial1 aFane, J.1 aAscunce, Marina, S.1 aKassu, G.1 aToloza, Ariel, Ceferino1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aGonzález-Oliver, Angélica1 aReed, David, L. uhttps://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2017/03/fane_head-lice.pdf01203nas a2200157 4500008004100000245004700041210004700088260003300135520064500168100003100813700002800844700002800872700002700900700002000927856009800947 2018 eng d00aEL SISTEMA OLFATIVO DEL PIOJO DE LA CABEZA0 aEL SISTEMA OLFATIVO DEL PIOJO DE LA CABEZA aMendoza, ArgentinacMay 20183 a

Conference Poster

 

Description:

El piojo de la cabeza Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) es un insecto hematófago cosmopolita que parasita exclusivamente a humanos. Debido a la alta dependencia por su huésped, su comportamiento y fisiología se ven afectados durante la evaluación de alimento y refugio. Nuestro objetivo principal fue caracterizar el sistema olfativo del piojo de la cabeza. En particular, estudiamos el rol de la antena de manera morfológica y comportamental en la evaluación de estímulos olfativos.

1 aOrtega-Insaurralde, Isabel1 aToloza, Ariel, Ceferino1 aGonzález-Audino, Paola1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aBarrozo, R., B. uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/325722564_EL_SISTEMA_OLFATIVO_DEL_PIOJO_DE_LA_CABEZA01759nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001300041245013400054210006900188260001800257300001400275490000700289520098300296653002001279653002201299653001901321653001701340653001401357100002801371700002501399700002701424856007801451 2008 eng d a0269283X00aOvicidal and adulticidal effects of monoterpenoids against permethrin-resistant human head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis0 aOvicidal and adulticidal effects of monoterpenoids against perme cDecember 2008 a335 - 3390 v223 a

The improper use of pediculicides containing permethrin has led to the development of resistance. Thus, new alternatives for control are needed. Plant‐derived insecticides are attractive alternatives to common chemical insecticides because most of them are environmentally friendly and non‐toxic to mammals. The toxic activity of 23 monoterpenoids belonging to several chemical classes was tested against the eggs of permethrin‐resistant head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae). Significant differences in ovicidal action were observed among the tested substances. The most effective chemicals were hydrocarbons and ethers, followed by ketones, alcohols, phenols and esters. A linear relationship between egg mortality and knockdown time (KT50) on adults by the tested components revealed that most of the components were effective on both egg and adult stages. The monoterpenoids described herein are good candidates as effective

10aadult head lice10afumigant activity10ahead lice eggs10aMonoterpenes10atoxicity.1 aToloza, Ariel, Ceferino1 aVassena, Claudia, V.1 aPicollo, María, Inés uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00759.x02078nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245013700055210006900192300001400261490000700275520132500282653002401607653002601631653002301657100001801680700002101698700002801719700002701747700002801774856005801802 2018 eng d a0022-258500aResponse of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) to Volatiles of Whole and Individual Components of the Human Scalp0 aResponse of Pediculus humanus capitis Phthiraptera Pediculidae t a527 - 5330 v553 a

The head louse Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer) (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) is a cosmopolitan human ectoparasite causing pediculosis, one of the most common arthropod parasitic conditions of humans. The mechanisms and/or chemicals involved in host environment recognition by head lice are still unknown. In this study, we evaluated the response of head lice to volatiles that emanate from the human scalp. In addition, we identified the volatile components of the odor and evaluated the attractive or repellent activity of their pure main components. The volatiles were collected by means of Solid Phase microextraction and the extract obtained was chemically analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer.Twenty-four volatile were identified in the human scalp odor, with the main compounds being the following: nonanal, sulcatone, geranylacetone, and palmitic acid. Head lice were highly attracted by the blend human scalp volatiles, as well as by the individual major components. A significant finding of our study was to demonstrate that nonanal activity depends on the mass of the compound as it is repellent at high concentrations and an attractant at low concentrations.The results of this study indicate that head lice may use chemical signals in addition to other mechanisms to remain on the host.

10aattractant activity10ahuman scalp volatiles10arepellent activity1 aGalassi, F.G.1 aFronza, Georgina1 aToloza, Ariel, Ceferino1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aGonzález-Audino, Paola uhttps://academic.oup.com/jme/article/55/3/527/481792401867nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260001600204300001600220490000800236520109100244653001501335653002401350653001901374653001601393100002701409700002001436700002501456700002201481700002701503700002801530856005501558 2017 eng d a0932-011300aIvermectin lipid-based nanocarriers as novel formulations against head lice0 aIvermectin lipidbased nanocarriers as novel formulations against cJan-08-2017 a2111 - 21170 v1163 a

The use of pyrethroids to control the human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Anoplura: Pediculidae), has suffered considerable loss of efficacy due to the evolution of resistance. Thus, the development of effi- ciently insecticide delivery systems is imperative for the con- trol of head lice. We studied the insecticidal activity of ivermectin-loaded lipid nanocapsules (IVM-LNC) against permethrin-resistant head lice from Argentina. The LNC, pre- pared by a phase inversion procedure, were characterized in terms of size, surface potential, and physical stability. These nanoparticles were nearly spherical with mean diameters of 55 nm and narrow size distribution (PI ≤ 0.2). The KT50 mor- tality values of head lice after exposure to two IVM-LNC formulations (0.11 and 0.28%) were significantly smaller (5 and 3 h, respectively) compared to those exposed only to LNC control group (8 h). This investigation showed the effective- ness in the encapsulation of ivermectin (IVM) into stable LNC dispersion with a potential clinical activity against head lice.

10aIvermectin10aLipid nanoparticles10aNanotechnology10aPediculosis1 aUllio-Gamboa, Gabriela1 aPalma, Santiago1 aBenoit, Jean, Pierre1 aAllemandi, Daniel1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aToloza, Ariel, Ceferino uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00436-017-5510-201436nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260000900201300001400210490000800224520090200232100003301134700002901167700002701196856005501223 2006 eng d00aEmbryonic development of human lice: rearing conditions and susceptibility to spinosad0 aEmbryonic development of human lice rearing conditions and susce c2006 a257 - 2610 v1013 a

The embryonic development of human lice was evaluated according to the changes in the morphology of the embryo observed through the transparent chorion. Based on ocular and appendage development, three stages of embryogenesis were established: early, medium, and late. Influence of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on the laboratory rearing of Pediculus humanus capitis eggs was assessed. The optimal ranges for temperature and RH were 27-31°C and 45-75%. The susceptibility of human louse eggs to insecticide spinosad (a macrocyclic lactone) was assessed by immersion method. The results showed similar susceptibility to spinosad in early, medium, and late stages of head lice eggs. In addition, this study showed similar susceptibility of head and body lice eggs to spinosad, an insecticide that has not been used as pediculicide in Argentina (lethal concentration 50: 0.01%).

1 aMougabure-Cueto, Gastón, A.1 aZerba, Eduardo, Nicolás1 aPicollo, María, Inés uhttp://www.scielo.br/pdf/mioc/v101n3/v101n3a05.pdf02484nas a2200265 4500008004100000245017400041210006900215260000900284300001400293490000700307520158600314653001401900653001901914653001401933653001401947653001101961653001501972100002801987700001902015700003302034700002202067700002902089700002702118856007302145 2006 eng d00aFumigant and repellent properties of essential oils and component compounds against permethrin-resistant Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Argentina0 aFumigant and repellent properties of essential oils and componen c2006 a889 - 8950 v433 a

The repeated use of permethrin and other insecticides for the control of head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Anoplura: Pediculidae), during past decades has resulted in the development of marked levels of resistance. Thus, new alternative insecticides are needed for the control of head lice. We studied the fumigant and repellent properties of essential oils from 16 native and exotic plants in Argentina, and 21 chemical components against permethrin-resistant head lice from Argentina. With a direct vapor-exposure bioassay, the most effective oil was from the native Myrcianthes cisplatensis Cambess (Myrtaceae) with a time to 50% knockdown (KT50) of 1.3 min, followed by exotic species, Eucalyptus cinerea F.V. Muell., Eucalyptus viminalis Labill., and Eucalyptus saligna Smith. withKT50 values of 12.0, 14.9, and 17.4 min, respectively. The most effective components were 1,8-cineole and anisole, with KT50 values of 11.1 and 12.7 min, respectively. Regression analysis of KT50 values and vapor pressures and water-partition coefÞcients for the essential oil components revealed that the most effective fumigants were among the more volatile components. Repellency assays indicated that the essential oil from Mentha pulegium L. and its benzyl alcohol component were the most effective repellents, having repellency indices of 75.5 and 57.8%, respectively. Thus, some Argentinean plants contain essential oils and components that function as fumigants or as repellents and thereby show potential for development of new control products for head lice.

10aArgentina10aEssential oils10afumigants10ahead lice10aplants10arepellents1 aToloza, Ariel, Ceferino1 aZygadlo, Julio1 aMougabure-Cueto, Gastón, A.1 aBiurrun, Fernando1 aZerba, Eduardo, Nicolás1 aPicollo, María, Inés uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46542.pdf01467nas a2200205 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141260000900210300001400219490000700233520079800240653001401038653003401052653001401086653001501100100003301115700002901148700002701177856005701204 2006 eng d00aPermethrin-Resistant Head Lice (Anoplura: Pediculidae) in Argentina Are Susceptible to Spinosad0 aPermethrinResistant Head Lice Anoplura Pediculidae in Argentina  c2006 a634 - 6350 v423 a

The insecticidal activity of spinosad was evaluated against susceptible and permethrin-resistant human lice. In a permethrin-susceptible strain of the body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus L. (Anoplura: Pediculidae), the toxicity of spinosad was similar to that established for permethrin, with an LD50 value of 1.2 ng/insect and 2.4 ng/insect, respectively. Topical application of spinosad to populations of permethrin-resistant head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Anoplura: Pediculidae), showed that susceptibility to spinosad was independent of resistance to permethrin. The effectiveness of spinosad against human lice and the low mammalian toxicity reported in the literature suggest that spinosad could be useful for the management of permethrin-resistant human lice.

10aArgentina10ahumanus, spinosad, permethrin10aPediculus10aresistance1 aMougabure-Cueto, Gastón, A.1 aZerba, Eduardo, Nicolás1 aPicollo, María, Inés uhttps://academic.oup.com/jme/article/43/3/634/88071102498nas a2200253 4500008004100000245014000041210006900181260000900250300001400259490000700273520154300280653001401823653001201837653001601849653001401865653001501879100002501894700003301919700002801952700002201980700002902002700002702031856018602058 2003 eng d00aPrevalence and levels of Permethrin resistance in Pediculus humanus capitis DeGeer (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Buenos Aires, Argentina0 aPrevalence and levels of Permethrin resistance in Pediculus huma c2003 a447 - 4500 v403 a

Permethrin has been used extensively for control of Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer(Anoplura: Pediculidae) in Argentina since 1990, resulting in the development of resistance to this and other pyrethroids. This resistance was Þrst detected in some Þeld populations in 1997. A survey for resistance in Buenos Aires in 2001 revealed signifcant resistance levels in lice on children at 24 of 26 (92.3%) schools. When compared with a previously unexposed reference population, resistance ratios (RRs) obtained by exposing the insects to Þlter papers impregnated with permethrin ranged from 2 to 60 in 10 (39%) of the schools. RRs in the remaining 14 (61%) populations were too great to not be measured with the Þlter paper method (RR 88.7). As an alternative, we used topical applications of 0.1 l of acetone solution of permethrin on the dorsal abdomen of adults and third instars. This topical method, which has not been previously reported for head lice, was capable of quantifying higher levels of resistance. Highly resistant populations had RRs from 162.5 to 655.2. When applied to populations with low and intermediate levels of resistance, results from the Þlter paper and topical application methods were highly correlated, and RRs from topical application were higher than those from the Þlter paper method. Results from the combination of the two methods indicated that head lice among Buenos Aries school children are highly resistant to permethrin, and the resistance is widespread.

10aArgentina10acapitis10aPediculosis10aPediculus10aPermethrin1 aVassena, Claudia, V.1 aMougabure-Cueto, Gastón, A.1 aGonzález-Audino, Paola1 aAlzogaray, R., A.1 aZerba, Eduardo, Nicolás1 aPicollo, María, Inés uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/8955671_Prevalence_and_Levels_of_Permethrin_Resistance_in_Pediculus_humanus_capitis_De_Geer_Anoplura_Pediculidae_from_Buenos_Aires_Argentina00710nas a2200193 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260000900214653001400223653001200237653001600249653001400265100003300279700002500312700002800337700002700365700002900392856009500421 2000 eng d00aEfectividad de lociones capilares sobre poblaciones de Pediculus capitis resistentes a insecticidas0 aEfectividad de lociones capilares sobre poblaciones de Pediculus c200610aArgentina10acapitis10aPediculosis10aPediculus1 aMougabure-Cueto, Gastón, A.1 aVassena, Claudia, V.1 aGonzález-Audino, Paola1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aZerba, Eduardo, Nicolás uhttp://toxicologia.org.ar/bibliotecavirtual/acta_toxicologica/vol_08_1/mougabure_cueto.pdf00565nas a2200181 4500008004100000020001400041245003900055210003800094260004600132300001400178490000600192100002900198700002000227700002700247700001600274700001400290856007900304 1987 eng d a0022-258500aInsecticides: mechanisms of action0 aInsecticides mechanisms of action aBoca Raton, Florida, USAbCRC Pressc1987 a103 - 1060 v31 aZerba, Eduardo, Nicolás1 ade Licastro, S.1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aBrenner, R.1 aStoka, A. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/insecticides-mechanisms-action01478nas a2200265 4500008004100000245012000041210006900161260000900230300001200239490000800251520063800259653001400897653001200911653001300923653001600936653001400952653001500966100002800981700001901009700003301028700002901061700002201090700002701112856007301139 2006 eng d00aThe fumigant and repellent activity of aliphatic lactones against Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae)0 afumigant and repellent activity of aliphatic lactones against Pe c2006 a55 - 560 v1013 a

New alternative insecticides are necessary for the chemical control of head lice. In this study the fumigantknockdown time 50% (KT50) and repellency index (RI) of three aliphatic lactones was compared with two essentialoils and DDVP, against permethrin-resistance Pediculus humanus capitis from Argentina. In the fumigant assay,none of the lactones were effective compared to the highest activity of eucalyptus (KT50 15.53 m). In the repellencytest, the three lactones were equally or more effective (RI ranging from 60.50 to 76.68) than the positive control(piperonal). These lactones are promising as head lice repellents.

10aaliphatic10acapitis10aLactones10aPediculosis10aPediculus10aresistance1 aToloza, Ariel, Ceferino1 aZygadlo, Julio1 aMougabure-Cueto, Gastón, A.1 aZerba, Eduardo, Nicolás1 aFaillaci, Silvina1 aPicollo, María, Inés uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46185.pdf02225nas a2200349 4500008004100000020001400041245011700055210006900172260000900241300001400250490000700264520116600271653001201437653002101449653001301470653001001483653001401493653001101507653001601518653002701534653003501561653001401596653001501610653001401625653003701639100002701676700002501703700002001728700001601748700002901764856008201793 1998 eng d a0022-258500aLaboratory studies of susceptibility and resistance to insecticides in Pediculus capitis (Anoplura; Pediculidae)0 aLaboratory studies of susceptibility and resistance to insectici c1998 a814 - 8170 v353 a

The susceptibility of local head lice to permethrin, sumithrin, deltamethrin, and carbaryl was determined by laboratory bioassays infield-collectedcolonies. Head lice collected from the infested heads of children 6-12 yr old were tested within 3 h of collection. The longest survival
of control insects in the laboratory was obtained by keeping them in the dark at 18°C and 70 - 80% RH. The base line susceptibility data obtained for insects collected from children not treated for lice, the reference colony, showed that deltamethrin caused the highest mortality of the insecticides tested (LC50, 0.06%). Permethrin, sumithrin, and carbaryl showed no significant difference in mortality (superposition of confidence intervals), being 10 times lower than that caused by deltamethrin. All field-collected lice required a higher LC50 of permethrin than the reference colony. Resistance levels varied from 3 to >100 for colonies that were taken from children treated with anti-lice products. Lice colonies with permethrin resistance showed resistance to sumithrin and deltamethrin, but resistance was not observed to the carbamate carbaryl.

10aanimals10aBiological Assay10acarbaryl10achild10ageography10ahumans10ainsecticide10aInsecticide resistance10aLice Infestations/parasitology10aPediculus10aPermethrin10aPyrethrum10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aVassena, Claudia, V.1 aCasadio, A., A.1 aMassimo, J.1 aZerba, Eduardo, Nicolás uhttps://academic.oup.com/jme/article-pdf/35/5/814/18202141/jmedent35-0814.pdf02733nas a2200361 4500008004100000245014200041210006900183260000900252300001400261490000700275520162500282653001201907653001401919653001301933653001001946653002001956653001901976653001101995653001602006653002202022653001402044653001502058653002302073653001402096653003702110653001002147100002702157700002502184700003302209700001702242700002902259856008302288 2000 eng d00aResistance to insecticides and effect of synergists on permethrin toxicity in Pediculus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Buenos Aires0 aResistance to insecticides and effect of synergists on permethri c2000 a721 - 7250 v373 a

Permethrin-resistant colonies of Pediculus capitis (De Geer) from Buenos Aires were used to establish a resistance profile and to examine resistance mechanisms. All permethrin-resistant head lice (resistance ratio from 52.8 to > 88.7) were also resistant to d-phenothrin (resistance ratio from 40.86 to > 48.39) and deltamethrin (resistance ratio from 16.24 to 38.06). No cross-resistance to carbaryl was found in any of the pyrethroid-resistant P. capitis tested. Otherwise, all resistant colonies showed low to high levels of resistance to beta-cypermethrin. This pyrethroid had never been applied as a pediculicide in Argentina; however, the high level of resistance found in these permethrin-resistant colonies (resistance ratio from 9.74 to 50.97) demonstrated that pyrethroid cross-resistance occurred to this novel insecticide. Treatment with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) or triphenylphosphate (TPP) significantly decreased the toxicity of permethrin in the four colonies tested. The esterase inhibitor TPP produced lower enhancement of toxicity than the multifunction oxidase inhibitor PBO in the colonies having the highest resistance levels. Results presented here concerning the cross-resistance profile and synergism by enzyme inhibitors in permethrin-resistant head lice demonstrated that enhanced metabolism was involved in the pyrethroid resistance. However, the substantial degree of resistance that remained after synergism suggested the presence of another resistance mechanism. Cross-resistance to pyrethroid and susceptibility to the carbamate carbaryl suggested a common action mechanism.

10aanimals10aArgentina10acarbaryl10achild10aDrug Resistance10aDrug Synergism10ahumans10ainsecticide10alice infestations10aPediculus10aPermethrin10aPiperonyl Butoxide10aPyrethrum10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10aUrban1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aVassena, Claudia, V.1 aMougabure-Cueto, Gastón, A.1 aVernetti, M.1 aZerba, Eduardo, Nicolás uhttps://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7c95/8f2deb9927ee477696f21a537768fb887721.pdf01220nas a2200313 4500008004100000020001400041245013400055210006900189260000900258300001400267490000700281520019000288653002600478653001200504653003200516653001900548653002700567653002600594653001400620653001500634653003700649653002100686100003300707700002800740700002500768700002700793700002900820856005700849 2002 eng d a0022-258500aToxic effect of aliphatic alcohols against susceptible and permethrin-resistant Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae)0 aToxic effect of aliphatic alcohols against susceptible and perme c2002 a457 - 4600 v393 a

The effectiveness of 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, 1-decanol, 1-undecanol, and 1-dodecanol was evaluated by immersion method against susceptible and permethrin-resistant head lice, Ped

10aAlcohols/pharmacology10aanimals10aFatty Alcohols/pharmacology10aInsect Control10aInsecticide resistance10aOctanols/pharmacology10aPediculus10aPermethrin10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10ascalp dermatoses1 aMougabure-Cueto, Gastón, A.1 aGonzález-Audino, Paola1 aVassena, Claudia, V.1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aZerba, Eduardo, Nicolás uhttps://academic.oup.com/jme/article/39/3/457/83497501149nas a2200301 4500008004100000245014600041210006900187260000900256300001400265490000700279520019000286653001200476653001400488653001000502653001100512653002700523653001600550653001400566653001500580653003700595100002800632700001600660700002500676700003300701700002900734700002700763856005700790 2005 eng d00aIncreased monooxygenase activity associated with resistance to permethrin in Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Argentina0 aIncreased monooxygenase activity associated with resistance to p c2005 a342 - 3450 v423 a

We studied the profile of permethrin resistance in populations of head lice infesting children 6-12 yr old in schools and their homes in and around Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fiv

10aanimals10aArgentina10achild10ahumans10aInsecticide resistance10aPediculosis10aPediculus10aPermethrin10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't1 aGonzález-Audino, Paola1 aBarrios, S.1 aVassena, Claudia, V.1 aMougabure-Cueto, Gastón, A.1 aZerba, Eduardo, Nicolás1 aPicollo, María, Inés uhttps://academic.oup.com/jme/article/42/3/342/849058