02700nas a2200313 4500008004100000022002500041245010100066210006900167260001600236490000700252520176200259653001902021653000902040653001902049653001002068653002002078653002902098100001902127700001402146700001602160700001702176700002102193700001902214700002502233700002302258700001802281700002202299856006502321 2021 eng d a0049-4747, 1573-743800aMigratory Gaddi sheep and goats as potential carriers of Theileria infection: a molecular survey0 aMigratory Gaddi sheep and goats as potential carriers of Theiler cMay-01-20210 v533 a

Theileriosis caused by parasites of the genus Theileria, is a vector-borne haemoprotozoan parasitic disease of critical concern in small ruminants. This study aimed to explore the infection status of migratory Gaddi sheep and goats with parasites from the Theileria genus in concurrence with ectoparasite infestations using molecular methods. Seventy three apparently healthy animals were randomly sampled from different flocks of migratory Gaddi sheep and goats and were systematically screened for ectoparasitic infestations. Molecular investigation for theileriosis was conducted using the genus wide polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Out of 56 (76.71%) animals positive for the genus Theileria, 2 randomly selected amplicons were sequenced and subjected to BLAST analysis and were showing 99.71% identity with Theileria luwenshuni, a pathogenic Theileria species of small ruminants. To confirm the presence of T. luwenshuni, species-specific PCR was attempted to identify that 38 (52.05%) animals were infected by T. luwenshuni. On analysing the molecular prevalence data of Theileria to the ectoparasitism, it was evident that the infection existed in the animals irrespective of the type of ectoparasitic infestation and even T. luwenshuni was found in non-infested animals also. This is the first report of subclinical infections of T. luwenshuni in sheep and goats of Northern India and its potential carrier status. The asymptomatic carrier status of these nomadic animals is a matter possessing serious implications on the disease transmission rates and the production economics of small ruminant production in this region.

Publication visit publisher website. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11250-021-02742-y

10aEctoparasitism10agoat10ahaemoparasites10asheep10asmall ruminants10aSubclinical theileriosis1 aDevi, Gopinath1 aAjith, Y.1 aMal, Gorakh1 aDimri, Umesh1 aPrasanna, Preena1 aJairath, Gauri1 aKattoor, Jobin, Jose1 aJacob, Siju, Susan1 aSingh, Birbal1 aDhar, Jyoti, Babu uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11250-021-02742-y02792nas a2200337 4500008004100000022002500041245011000066210006900176260001300245300001400258490000700272520179900279653001202078653001902090653001202109653001902121653001702140653001402157653001602171100001402187700001702201700002402218700002902242700002002271700001802291700001802309700002702327700001902354700001602373856006502389 2020 eng d a0020-7128, 1432-125400aInfluence of weather patterns and air quality on ecological population dynamics of ectoparasites in goats0 aInfluence of weather patterns and air quality on ecological popu cJun-2020 a1731-17420 v643 a

Ectoparasitism has a damaging impact on the economy of goat production in India, but the factors influencing its distribution and dynamics are less explored. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of environmental factors like weather and air quality parameters on the occurrence of different types of ectoparasites in goats of two agro-climatic regions of India, viz. the Upper Gangetic Plain (UGP) and the Western Himalayas (WH). The prevalence survey for ectoparasitism among goats was conducted during the four distinct climatic seasons (winter, summer, monsoon, autumn) in both regions. The season-wise data of weather parameters (maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity in morning and evening, sunrise and sunset time, mean daily temperature and relative humidity, daily variation in temperature and relative humidity, and day length) and air quality parameters (air quality index (AQI), particulate matter 2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matter 10 μm (PM10)) of both regions were analyzed in relation with the ectoparasitic prevalence pattern of corresponding regions. The results depict a noticeable correlation between the studied parameters and seasonal variation in the occurrence of each type of ectoparasites. This outcome on the interaction of studied parameters and ectoparasitism is intriguing and it opens a huge scope for future studies on the biometeorological aspects of host-parasite ecological interplay and evolutionary biology. The better understanding of climatological aspects of ectoparasite occurrences helps goat farmers in formulating appropriate timely intervention strategies for the economic control of ectoparasites, which in turn tackles ectoparasiticidal drug resistance and reduces threat of vector-borne diseases.

10aanimals10aClimate change10aecology10aEctoparasitism10aepidemiology10aPollution10aSeason-wise1 aAjith, Y.1 aDimri, Umesh1 aMadhesh, Elayaraman1 aGopalakrishnan, Arumugam1 aVerma, Med, Ram1 aSamad, H., A.1 aReena, K., K.1 aChaudhary, Alok, Kumar1 aDevi, Gopinath1 aBosco, Jose uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00484-020-01952-702006nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245015000055210006900205260001200274300000800286490000700294520124400301653001201545653001701557653001501574653001601589653002301605100001401628700001701642700002901659700001901688856005701707 2019 eng d a0030-246500aA field study on the efficacy of ivermectin via subcutaneous route against chewing lice (Bovicola caprae) infestation in naturally infested goats0 afield study on the efficacy of ivermectin via subcutaneous route c01-2019 a5pp0 v863 a

Caprine pediculosis is an ectoparasitic disease of great concern among goat farmers in India. It may be caused by either sucking lice or chewing lice; the latter one results in severe skin lesions, leading to production loss. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the macrocytic lactone drug, ivermectin, administered via subcutaneous injection, against chewing lice Bovicola (Damalinia) caprae infestation in naturally infested goats. The study was conducted on 20 goats with severe B. caprae infestation. Animals of group A (n = 10) were treated using a single dose of ivermectin (200 µg/kg body weight) subcutaneously and animals of group B (n = 10) underwent placebo therapy using normal saline. The animals were examined on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42 and 56 for lice counts. There was 100% elimination of lice in all animals of group A and effective protection from re-infection remained at least for 21 days. Considerable improvement in haematological parameters was also observed by day 21. Based on this study, ivermectin injected via a subcutaneous route can be used effectively for the therapeutic and prophylactic management of chewing lice infestation in goats maintained under an extensive grazing system.

10acaprine10aChewing lice10aIvermectin10aPediculosis10asubcutaneous route1 aAjith, Y.1 aDimri, Umesh1 aGopalakrishnan, Arumugam1 aDevi, Gopinath uhttp://www.ojvr.org/index.php/OJVR/article/view/163502431nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245005200054210005100106260001600157300001200173490000800185520164100193653002401834653002201858653002201880653002601902100001401928700001701942700002301959700002901982700001902011700002002030700001702050700002002067856006602087 2017 eng d a0304401700aLice induced immuno-oxidative wreckage of goats0 aLice induced immunooxidative wreckage of goats cJan-08-2017 a24 - 300 v2423 a

The present study aimed to evaluate the immuno-oxidative patho-biology of lice infestation in goats. Sixty goats were divided into five groups; sucking lice (Linognathus africanus) infested (Group 1, n = 12), chewing lice (Bovicola caprae) infested-mild (Group 2, n = 12), chewing lice (B. caprae) infested-moderate (Group 3, n = 12), chewing lice (B. caprae) infested-severe (Group 4, n = 12) and healthy control (Group 5, n = 12). To assess the pathological changes, markers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation-LPO, reduced glutathione-GSH, superoxide dismutase-SOD, Catalase-CAT and total antioxidant capacity-TAC), the markers of immune status (Tumour necrosis factor alpha- TNF-α, Interleukin-10- IL-10, Transforming growth factor beta 1- TGF-β1, ratios of TNF-α/IL-10 and TNF-α/TGF-β1) and hemato-biochemical status were evaluated. Significant anemia, hypoglycemia, hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia were observed in caprine pediculosis irrespective of the type of lice infested. Remarkably increased oxidative stress was observed in chewing lice infested goats and no significant changes in oxidative stress markers were observed in sucking lice infested goats. TGF-β mediated suppression of Th1 and Th2 immune responses was observed in sucking lice infested goats; whereas, a Th2 cytokine dominant inflammatory response was observed in chewing lice infested goats. From the present study, it may be concluded that sucking lice infestation produces remarkable immunosuppression and chewing lice infestation produces significant oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in goats.

10aCaprine pediculosis10aCytokine response10aImmunosuppression10aOxidative impairments1 aAjith, Y.1 aDimri, Umesh1 aSingh, Shanker, K.1 aGopalakrishnan, Arumugam1 aDevi, Gopinath1 aVerma, Med, Ram1 aJoshi, Vivek1 aAlam, Shahjahan uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030440171730220002209nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260001600240300001400256490000700270520139200277653001301669653002101682653001301703653001701716653001701733653000901750653002001759653001801779100001401797700001701811700002901828700001901857856005501876 2017 eng d a0971-719600aA study on prevalence and factors associated with ectoparasitism in goats of two agro-climatic regions in India0 astudy on prevalence and factors associated with ectoparasitism i cJan-09-2017 a739 - 7460 v413 a

The present study was aimed to evaluate the factors associated with prevalence of various ectoparasites among goats during winter season in two different agro- climatic regions of India. A total of 320 goats (Ut- tarakhand-208; Uttar Pradesh-112) were screened and evaluated for ectoparasitism and associated factors. The occurrence of ectoparasitism in goats was studied in rela- tion with age, sex, breed, housing, agro-climatic region and system of rearing. Prevalence of ectoparasitism among goats of lower Shivalik region (Dehradun and Tehri Garhwal districts) of Uttarakhand and Bareilly district of Uttar Pradesh was 90.38 and 39.29%, respectively. The common ectoparasites observed were chewing lice (Bovi- cola caprae), sucking lice (Linognathus africanus), fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and ticks (Haemaphysalis spp.). Among all the ectoparasitic infestation, pediculosis was the most common affection during the study period in both agro-climatic region; chewing lice in Uttarakhand and sucking lice in Uttar Pradesh. Agro-climatic region, breed, immune status, system of rearing and hygiene were highly affecting the prevalence and distribution of ectoparasites among goats. High prevalence of ectoparasitism in the study area warrants the need for formulating appropriate intervention strategies to improve control of ectoparasites and awareness among goat farmers.

10aBareilly10aCritical factors10aDehradun10aectoparasite10aepidemiology10agoat10aShivalik region10aTehri Garhwal1 aAjith, Y.1 aDimri, Umesh1 aGopalakrishnan, Arumugam1 aDevi, Gopinath uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12639-017-0881-y