03266nas a2200337   4500008004100000020001400041245014500055210006900200260001800269300001400287490000700301520218500308653001202493653001802505653001902523653001602542653001302558653002202571653001402593653003702607653002302644653001902667653001402686653001002700653000902710100002002719700001602739700001402755700001802769856014102787       1995                        eng d  a0020-751900aKinetic disposition of xylene-based or aqueous formulations of deltamethrin applied to the dorsal mid-line of sheep and their effect on lice0 aKinetic disposition of xylenebased or aqueous formulations of de  aENGLANDc1995  a471 - 4820 v253 aA xylene-based topical formulation of the synthetic pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin was applied to the dorsal mid-line of 2 groups of 5 Merino sheep within 24 h after shearing. One group was free of ectoparasites and the second was infested with sheep body lice, Bovicola (Damalinia) ovis. A water-based deltamethrin formulation was applied to the dorsal mid-line of a third group of 5 Merinos which were infested with lice. Insecticide concentrations on the wool of the back, upper and lower body and in the skin and bloodstream were measured at regular intervals between 1 and 98 days after treatment. Movement of the deltamethrin from the back to the lower body occurred within 24 h on all 3 groups, but maximum concentrations took 4-5 days to develop on the fleece in sheep treated with the xylene-based formulation and 11 days in sheep treated with the water-based formulation. There was a significant difference in concentration of deltamethrin close to the dorsal mid-line between the groups treated with the different formulations. Overall, concentrations of deltamethrin were lower at all sites examined on the sheep treated with the water-based formulation. Levels of deltamethrin in the tip of the fleece were significantly greater than those in the base and there was little movement of deltamethrin down the staple. The concentration of deltamethrin in the skin was significantly lower than the concentration in the wool and fell below the amount required to kill lice fully susceptible to deltamethrin after 12 days. Deltamethrin levels in the blood were near the limits of detection in all groups at all observations, indicating that there was little absorption or re-distribution of deltamethrin via the bloodstream. Most lice were killed after 20 h of exposure in vitro, to wool samples collected between 1 and 14 days after treatment. However, many lice survived in samples containing the same concentration of deltamethrin, but collected between 16 and 98 days after treatment. Numbers of lice surviving increased with the sampling time after treatment, suggesting that the bio-availability of the deltamethrin changed as the insecticide aged in the fleece.10aanimals10aDose-Response10aInsect vectors10ainsecticide10aKinetics10aLice/drug effects10aPyrethrum10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10aSheep/parasitology10aSkin/chemistry10aSolutions10awater10awool1 aJohnson, P., W.1 aDarwish, A.1 aDixon, R.1 aSteel, J., W.  uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/kinetic-disposition-xylene-based-or-aqueous-formulations-deltamethrin-applied-dorsal-mid-lin02480nas a2200337   4500008004100000020001400041245010200055210006900157260001800226300001600244490000700260520141900267653002801686653001201714653002801726653001601754653001301770653000901783653004601792653001401838653003701852653001001889653001901899653001701918653000901935100002001944700001601964700001401980700001801994856013002012       1996                        eng d  a0020-751900aKinetic disposition of an aqueous formulation of alphacypermethrin applied to the dorsal mid-line0 aKinetic disposition of an aqueous formulation of alphacypermethr  aENGLANDc1996  a1369 - 13740 v263 aA group of 5 adult Merino sheep with fleeces about 70 mm long (7-months growth of wool) was treated with a topical formulation of the synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, alphacypermethrin, applied to the dorsal mid-line. Insecticide concentrations at the tip, middle and base of wool staples collected from meridians along the back, upper and lower flanks were measured at intervals from 1 to 98 days after treatment. Some movement of the alphacypermethrin from the back to the lower body occurred within 24h after treatment, but despite careful application of the insecticide there was wide variation in the concentration between and within meridians. The majority of the alphacypermethrin remained close to the dorsal mid-line and near the tip of the staple. There were significant differences in the concentration between the tip, middle and base segments of the staples in the back and lower flank meridians (P  0.05). Numbers of pyrethroid-susceptible lice surviving exposure in vitro for 20 h differed significantly between samples collected at different times after treatment, lice survived for 20 h in wool taken from parts of the fleece that contained high (P < 0.05). The numbers of lice surviving in samples collected within 28 days after treatment tended to be lower than in those collected from 28 to 98 days but, in some samples, regardless of time after treatment, concentrations of alphacypermethrin.10aAdministration, Topical10aanimals10aBiological Availability10ainsecticide10aKinetics10alice10aLice Infestations/drug therapy/veterinary10aPyrethrum10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10asheep10aSheep Diseases10aTime Factors10awool1 aJohnson, P., W.1 aDarwish, A.1 aDixon, R.1 aSteel, J., W.  uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/kinetic-disposition-aqueous-formulation-alphacypermethrin-applied-dorsal-mid-line02477nas a2200313   4500008004100000245014900041210006900190260000900259300001600268490000700284520150500291653002201796653000901818653001301827653001901840653001601859653001601875653001201891653000901903653001001912653001301922653001001935653000901945100002001954700001601974700001401990700001802004856014102022       1997                        eng d00aKinetic disposition of an aqueous formulation of alphacypermethrin applied to the dorsal mid-line of sheep with long wool and its effect on lice0 aKinetic disposition of an aqueous formulation of alphacypermethr  c1997  a1369 - 13740 v263 aA group of 5 adult Merino sheep with fleeces about 70 mm long (7-months growth of wool) was treated with a topical formulation of the synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, alphacypermethrin, applied to the dorsal mid-line. Insecticide concentrations at the tip, middle and base of wool staples collected from meridians along the back, upper and lower hanks were measured at intervals from 1 to 98 days after treatment. Some movement of the alphacypermethrin from the back to the lower body occurred within 24 h after treatment, but despite careful application of the insecticide there was wide variation in the concentration between and within meridians. The majority of the alphacypermethrin remained close to the dorsal mid-line and near the tip of the staple. There were significant differences in the concentration between the tip, middle and base segments of the staples in the back and lower flank meridians (P0.05). Numbers of pyrethroid-susceptible lice surviving exposure in vitro for 20 h differed significantly between samples collected at different times after treatment (P<0.05). The numbers of Lice surviving in samples collected within 28 days after treatment tended to be lower than in those collected from 28 to 98 days but, in some samples, regardless of time after treatment, lice survived for 20 h in wool taken from parts of the fleece that contained high concentrations of alphacypermethrin. Copyright (C) 1996 Australian Society for Parasitology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.10aalphacypermethrin10abody10aBovicola10aDamalinia ovis10adisposition10ainsecticide10akinetic10alice10alouse10amid line10asheep10awool1 aJohnson, P., W.1 aDarwish, A.1 aDixon, R.1 aSteel, J., W.  uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/kinetic-disposition-aqueous-formulation-alphacypermethrin-applied-dorsal-mid-line-sheep-long02194nas a2200277   4500008004100000245013900041210006900180260000900249300001600258490000700274520131600281653000901597653001901606653001601625653001601641653001201657653000901669653001001678653001001688653000901698100002001707700001601727700001401743700001801757856014101775       1995                        eng d00aKinetic disposition of an emulsifiable concentrate formulation of deltamethrin applied to sheep in a plunge-dip and its effect on lice0 aKinetic disposition of an emulsifiable concentrate formulation o  c1995  a1451 - 14560 v253 aAn emulsifiable concentrate formulation of the synthetic pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin was applied in a plunge dip, 3 weeks after shearing, to a group of 5 Merino sheep infested with sheep body lice, Bovicola ovis. Deltamethrin concentrations on the wool were measured at regular intervals between I and 98 days after treatment and were not significantly different (P>0.05) between sites on the dorsal mid-line, upper or lower flank. Levels in the tip of the fleece were significantly greater than those in the base, indicating that there was little movement of deltamethrin down the staple as the wool grew. Most lice were killed after 20 h of exposure in vitro to wool samples collected between 1 and 28 days after treatment. However, many Lice survived in samples containing a similar concentration of deltamethrin, but collected between 35 and 98 days after treatment. Numbers of lice surviving increased with the sampling time after treatment, suggesting that the bioavailability of the deltamethrin changed as the insecticide aged in the fleece. Some transfer of deltamethrin occurred from treated to untreated sheep. The levels of deltamethrin were higher in sheep placed in contact with the treated group at 14 days after treatment than in those which were in contact from 43 days after treatment.10abody10aDamalinia ovis10adisposition10ainsecticide10akinetic10alice10alouse10asheep10awool1 aJohnson, P., W.1 aDarwish, A.1 aDixon, R.1 aSteel, J., W.  uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/kinetic-disposition-emulsifiable-concentrate-formulation-deltamethrin-applied-sheep-plunge-d