02670nas a2200325 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145300001200214490000700226520162300233653001701856653001001873653002501883653002901908653001201937653001001949653002201959653002701981100002902008700002102037700002302058700003302081700002802114700002502142700002802167700003102195700002102226700002602247856007102273 2021 eng d00aIdentification of parasitic arthropods collected from domestic and wild animals in Yucatan, Mexico.0 aIdentification of parasitic arthropods collected from domestic a a647-6580 v673 a

The morphological characterization of ectoparasites from domestic and wild animals is crucial to distinguish those that may be involved in the transmission of zoonotic pathogens. The objectives of this work were to identify parasitic arthropods collected from several hosts in Yucatan State, Mexico and to determine the prevalence of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi in sylvatic specimens of Triatoma dimidiata. Morphological traits and scanning electron microscopy were used to confirm some parasitic identities. In total, 834 parasitic arthropods of various taxa were identified. Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma maculatum, Amblyomma parvum, Dermacentor variabilis, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus were identified from dogs, horses, sheep, and deer. The flea Ctenocephalides felis was identified from dogs and the human flea, Pulex irritans was found on horses and sheep. The Neotropical deer ked Lipoptena mazamae was identified from brown brocket deer Mazama pandora. The chewing lice Chelopistes meleagridis, Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, Myrsidea sp. and Lipeurus caponis were identified from poultry (Meleagris gallopavo and Gallus gallus). Other chewing lice, Tyranniphilopterus sp., Columbicola columbae, and Physconelloides eurysema were identified from wild birds Pachyramphus aglaiae, Patagioenas flavirostris and Zenaida asiatica, respectively. Trypanosoma cruzi was present in 52.5% of sylvatic adult T. dimidiata. Several of these findings represent new records of ectoparasites for Yucatan and new distribution areas in Mexico. The implications for human and animal health are discussed.

10aChewing lice10afleas10aNeotropical deer ked10aPatagioenas flavirostris10apoultry10aticks10aTrypanosoma cruzi10aTyranniphilopterus sp.1 aGarcia-Rejon, Julian, E.1 aTzuc-Dzul, Julio1 aCetina-Trejo, Rosa1 aMadera-Navarrete, Miguel, I.1 aCigarroa-Toledo, Nohemi1 aChan-Perez, Jose, I.1 aOrtega-Pacheco, Antonio1 aTorres-Chable, Oswaldo, M.1 aPietri, Jose, E.1 aBaak-Baak, Carlos, M. uhttps://annals-parasitology.eu/archive_2001_2022/2021-67-4_647.pdf01934nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245010800055210006900163260001600232300001200248490000700260520114400267653001001411653001801421653002301439653002101462653002801483653001401511653001501525653001201540100001701552700001501569700001901584856006501603 2023 eng d a2662-673X00aThe environment and host effects on chewing lice prevalence, richness, and abundance on birds in Turkey0 aenvironment and host effects on chewing lice prevalence richness cJun-20-2023 a193-2060 v313 a

The prevalence, number of species, and individual numbers of chewing lice found on birds may vary depending on different biotic and abiotic factors. Studies detecting the effects of different conditions on chewing lice were carried out generally on bird species belonging to one order or family. In addition, there can be conflict concerning the ecological effects on chewing lice. In this study, 2101 individuals of fifty-nine different bird species were evaluated to identify the habitat, food guild, migration behavior, weight, wingspan, and length effects on chewing lice prevalence, species richness, and abundance. The highest prevalence was detected in urban-dwelling bird species. The highest lice richness was recorded on migratory bird species living in wetlands. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between wingspan and lice species. The most abundant lice were detected on resident wetland-dwelling bird species. It is thought that detailed studies should be carried out to explain not only host habitat effect on prevalence and abundance but also host body length and wingspan on the abundance and richness.

10abirds10aectoparasites10aIxobrychus minutus10aLarus michahelli10aMelopsittacus undulatus10aMigration10aUrban area10aWetland1 aYamaç, Elif1 aDik, Bilal1 aCavus, Mustafa uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43388-023-00133-502194nas a2200181 4500008004100000245018500041210006900226260001300295300001000308490000700318520134400325653001001669653001401679100002001693700001501713700002401728856026001752 2021 eng d00aRECORDS OF CHEWING LICE (PHTHIRAPTERA: INSECTA) OF FOWLS (GALLIFORMES: PHASIANIDAE) OF FAMILY MENOPONIDAE (AMBLYCERA) AND PHILOPTERIDAE (ISCHNOCERA) FROM HYDERABAD, SINDH, PAKISTAN0 aRECORDS OF CHEWING LICE PHTHIRAPTERA INSECTA OF FOWLS GALLIFORME cDec 2021 a29-320 v723 a

The chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) are the communal parasitic insects of different types of avian fauna of family Phasianidae (Galliformes) and are wide spread on gallinacious birds. They are the ectparasites of both domestic and wild birds. The order Phthiraptera has been divided mainly into two groups according to their feeding habits, the chewing lice (Mallophaga) and the sucking lice (Anoplura). Chewing lice with their huge head and mandibles include the major group with more than 3000 species. The chewing lice order (Phthiraptera: Insecta) cover of three suborders, Amblycera, Ischnocera and Rhynchophthirina. This captivating group of parasitic insects has rich veterinary importance. During present investigation 150 birds of large sized fowls belonging to family hasianidae were observed for the collection and identification of chewing lice population, amongst which 121 birds were infested with chewing lice. These birds included Pavo cristatus L. (Peafowls), Meleagris gallopavo L. (Turkey fowls), Numida melagris L. (Guinea fowls) and different breeds of Gallus gallus L. (Domestic fowls). Presently 09 species were reported during the year of 2014-2017 from
Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. A total of 1264 specimens of parasites were collected and classified into 07 genera during the reporting period

10aFowls10aHyderabad1 aShaikh, Farheen1 aNaz, Saima1 aBirmani, Nadir, Ali uhttps://pjparasitol.com/PJPpapers/72/RECORDS%20OF%20CHEWING%20LICE%20(PHTHIRAPTERA%20INSECTA)%20OF%20FOWLS%20(GALLIFORMES%20PHASIANIDAE)%20OF%20FAMILY%20MENOPONIDAE%20(AMBLYCERA)%20AND%20PHILOPTERIDAE%20(ISCHNOCERA)%20FROM%20HYDERABAD,%20SINDH,%20PAKISTAN02773nas a2200205 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260001400242300001000256490000700266520197600273653001002249653001802259653001402277653001602291100002002307700001502327700002402342856020102366 2021 eng d00aInfestation of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Insecta) on turkey fowl (Aves: Galliformes) from District Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan0 aInfestation of chewing lice Phthiraptera Insecta on turkey fowl  cJune 2021 a27-350 v713 a

The chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Insecta) dorsoventrally flattened wingless parasitic insects of avian fauna. The lice have strong mandibles for biting tissue debris and body feathers of their hosts, causes parasitism and have high capability to develop host specificity. They have acute to chronic effects on their host’s fitness responsively. Their purpose is numerous illnesses and play significant role as vector of various types of helminths and bacteria. Presently, only one type of galliform bird, Turkey fowl Meleagris gallopavo was selected for examining the abundance, intensity, Population density and rate of infestation of chewing lice of various localities of district Hyderabad Sindh, Pakistan. 08 Turkey fowls Meleagris gallopavo were selected for collection of chewing lice species. The study was directed from November 2015 to September 2016. Turkey fowls were kept on white paper sheet for about 30 minutes and were gently sprayed with coopex powder (Permathrin powder) on their wings. Birds infected were tagged with identity  rings to check their lice infestation after interval of 2 to 3 weeks. The chewing lice species were collected and preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol. Permanent microscopic slides were prepared with the help of Canada balsam following standard method of mounting. In the present study total 132 chewing lice were obtained from infested host which belonging to 04 genera of 02 families. These five  species and their prevalence are 15.90% for Chelopistes meleagridis (Linn., 1758); 23.88% for Goniodes dissimilis Denny, 1842, and 29.54% for Lipeurus tropicalis Peters, 1931 belonging to family Philopteridae 9.70% Menacanthus pallidulus (Neumann, 1912) and 20.45% for Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch, 1818) belonging to family Menoponidae. All these five species are being reported for the first time from Turkey of district Hyderabad, Sindh. All chewing lice species were studied and described systematica

10abirds10aectoparasites10aHyderabad10aTurkey fowl1 aShaikh, Farheen1 aNaz, Saima1 aBirmani, Nadir, Ali uhttps://pjparasitol.com/PJPpapers/71/INFESTATION%20OF%20CHEWING%20LICE%20(PHTHIRAPTERA%20INSECTA)%20ON%20TURKEY%20FOWL%20(AVES%20GALLIFORMES)%20FROM%20DISTRICT%20HYDERABAD,%20SINDH,%20PAKISTAN.pdf01057nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001500041245007600056210006900132300001200201490000700213520058900220100001900809856009500828 1980 eng d a 0084-050500aHelminth and arthropod parasites of some domestic animals in Wisconsin.0 aHelminth and arthropod parasites of some domestic animals in Wis a106-1100 v683 a

Nineteen species of intestinal helminths and 15 species of arthropod ectoparasites (fleas, ticks, botflies, chewing lice and mites) are reported from dogs, cats, fowls, turkeys, pigs and horses in south-eastern Wisconsin. Most are first records for the state. Data on the frequency and intensity of infestation are discussed in relation to results from similar surveys elsewhere PhthiFrom 74 dogs, 23 cats, 26 chickens, 41 turkeys, 5 pigs and 14 horses examined 5 species of cestodes and 13 of nematodes were recovered. The prevalence and intensity of infection are tabulated

1 aAmin, Omar, M. uhttp://images.library.wisc.edu/WI/EFacs/transactions/WT1980/reference/wi.wt1980.omamin.pdf04326nas a2200157 4500008004100000245017900041210007100220260008500291300001000376490002100386520366000407653001404067653001704081100003704098856003304135 2000 eng d00aAnálisis de las comunidades parasitarias y su relación con la condición física del guajolote silvestre (Meleagris gallopavo) de la Sierra del Burro, Coah., México0 aAnálisis de las comunidades parasitarias y su relación con la co aSan Nicolás de los Garza, MexicobUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leónc02-2020 a98 pp0 v Maestría (MSc)3 a

El guajolote silvestre tiene importancia económica y alimenticia. En México se han llevado a cabo estudios ecológicos, pero no hay antecedentes sobre los parásitos que los afectan, ni del papel que estos juegan en el estado de salud del hospedador. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron determinar las especies de parásitos, evaluar el estado físico de los hospederos y determinar su grado de asociación con la distribución, abundancia y patogenia de los parásitos. Se obtuvieron trece ejemplares donados por cazadores durante la temporada cinegética 1998, en el Mpio. de Zaragoza, Coah. En campo se registraron peso y medidas, se colectaron y fijaron los ectoparáshos, se evaluó el estado de carnes y la grasa corporal. En el laboratorio se colectaron y fijaron los endoparásitos, se colorearon y montaron con las técnicas de rutina. Se reporta la determinación de los siguientes grupos parasitarios: Orden Echinostomida (Clase Tremátoda), Orden Cyclophillydea (Clase Céstoda), Órdenes Ascarididea y Spiruridea (Clase Nemátoda), Órdenes Ptirapthera y Siphonáptera (Clase Insecta), Órdenes Sarcoptiformes y Parasitiformes (Clase Arachnida). Ningún guajolote presentó lesiones macroscópicas. Al analizar la dependencia entre la condición física con el grado de parasitosis mediante tablas de contingencia de X¡i2 sólo se encontró una dependencia
significativa («< .05) entre el Orden Ascarididea y el largo del testículo izquierdo (r = 0.29) , y una dependencia altamente significativa (oc< .01) entre el Orden Phthiráptera y el largo del tarso (r - 0.5). Los reportes taxonómicos de los parásitos de nuevo registro en Meleagris gallopavo para México, son: Familia Echinostomatidae Poche, 1926 (Tremátoda); Ascaridia dissimilis Pérez Vigueras, 1931 (Secementea: Ascarídae); Cyrnea colini Cram, 1927 (Secementea: Spiruridae); Oxispirura sp, Drasche in Stoss, 1897 (Secementea: Thelaziidae); Megrtínia sp. Megnin, 1916 (Acarída: Analgidae); Fam. Dermoglyphidae Megnin y Trouessart, 1983 (Acarída); Chelopistes meleagridis Linnaeus, 1758 (Hexápoda: Philopteridae); Cuclotogaster heíerograhus Nitzcsh, 1886 (Hexápoda: Philopteridae); Lipeurus caponis Linnaeus, 1758 (Hexápoda: Philopteridae); Menacanthus stramineus Nitzcsh, 1818 (Hexápoda: Menoponidae). Se pudo deducir algunos componentes de su dieta en la zona de estudio a partir del ciclo biológico del parásito. Todos los guajolotes fueron considerados clínicamente sanos. La
parasitosis no se relacionó con mala nutrición del hospedador. La distribución espacial de todos los Ordenes de parásitos fue de tipo agregada; con excepción de los Ordenes Ixódida y Siphonáptera que fue distribución al azar. El Orden Phthiráptera fue el más abundante de todos los grupos parasitarios. El Orden Ascarida fue el más abundante de los helmintos. Se citan las regiones corporales del hospedador más recomendadas para estudios en campo de presencia, riqueza específica y diversidad parasitaria. Derivado del análisis de amplitud y traslape de nicho entre las comunidades de helmintos se observó "segregación" y entre las de artrópodos se aprecio una relación tipo "coexistencia*'.

10aparasites10aWild turkeys1 aSalas-Westphal, Armorita, Ivonne uhttp://eprints.uanl.mx/6756/00466nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128260001200197300000900209490000600218100002800224856009200252 2013 eng d00aFour Species of Lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from a Single Wild Turkey in Maryland0 aFour Species of Lice Insecta Phthiraptera from a Single Wild Tur c09-2013 a2 -50 v61 aSteiner_Jr., Warren, E. uhttps://www.mdentsoc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/MD-Entomologist-book-2013-proof.pdf02708nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001300041245013900054210006900193260001200262300001400274490000700288520185900295653001702154653000902171653001102180653001502191100001902206700002102225700002002246700003202266700003502298700003202333700001602365856006102381 2020 eng d a0972898800aLice infestation and diversity in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in the Special Region of Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia0 aLice infestation and diversity in turkeys iMeleagris gallopavoi  c01-2020 a782 - 7880 v133 a

Background and Aim: Biting lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) are ectoparasites that play important roles in the transmission of disease agents that infect turkeys and impact turkey productivity. This study aimed to determine the diversity of lice that infest turkeys in the Central Java Province and the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: Lice sampling was conducted at 16 different locations from April 2019 to June 2019 in turkeys aged 4 months to 2 years. The samples were stored in 70% alcohol and were identified using avian louse keys. The morphology of the specimens was macroscopically and microscopically evaluated, and the resulting data were descriptively and qualitatively analyzed.

Results: A total of 2505 lice were collected, and two families and five genera of lice were identified. Three lice genus members of the Philopteridae family (Lipeurus, Oxylipeurus, and Chelopistes) and two genera of the Menoponidae family (Colpocephalum and Menacanthus) were identified. Lipeurus was the most frequently identified genera in turkeys, whereas Menacanthus was the most rarely identified one. The White Holland breed had the highest number of lice infestations, whereas the Jersey Buff breed exhibited the highest diversity of lice genera. The average number of lice infestations was higher in male turkeys than in female turkeys.

Conclusion: The occurrence of ectoparasites in domestic turkeys indicates that the existence and diversity of lice genera in the study location can be influenced by turkey type, turkey maintenance system, enclosure sanitation measures, lack of strategic ectoparasite control, and environmental factors.

10acentral java10alice10aTurkey10aYogyakarta1 aPrastowo, Joko1 aPriyowidodo, Dwi1 aNurcahyo, Wisnu1 aChusnaifah, Defriana, Lutfi1 aWusahaningtyas, Lu'lu', Sahara1 aFirdausy, Lintang, Winantya1 aSahara, Ana uhttp://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.13/April-2020/25.html03180nas a2200205 4500008004100000245009600041210006900137300001000206490000600216520247300222653001802695653001802713653003402731653001202765100002402777700001802801700003902819700001702858856009902875 2017 eng d00aParasites prevalence in poultry: focusing on free range turkeys (Meleagris gallopav)0 aParasites prevalence in poultry focusing on free range turkeys i a1 - 90 v83 a

In  most  countries,  poultry  are  reared  by  traditional  farmers  due  to  the  relative  minimum  capital  needed  to  start  off,  availability  of  feed  and  the  fast  period  of  the  birds  to  grow.  This  research  was  conducted  on  turkeys  which  aims  to  study  the  abundance  and  prevalence  of  ectoparasites  from  three  localities  around  Kedah,  Malaysia.  A  total of 20 turkeys (eight males and twelve females) were examined for ectoparasites infestation  and  endoparasites  infection.  Six species of ectoparasites: five lice and a  mite  have  been  discovered.  The  most  prevalent  ectoparasite  was  Menopon gallinae  with  occurrence  of  45%.  Other  external  parasites  recorded  include  Lipeurus caponis and Megninia cubitaliswith  occurrence  of  40%,  Menacanthus pallidulus  (35%),  Goniocotes  gallinae(30%) and Chelopistes meleagridis (20%). There was a significant difference between the  ectoparasite  abundance  in  Jabatan  Perkhidmatan  Veterinar  and  Alor  Belat  Barat  [ANOVA,  F(2,17)=6.33,  p=0.009]. These  lice  commonly  found  in  the  fluff  of  the  feathers,  especially  at  the  neck,  abdomen, and wings. Lipeurus caponis was found to have the highest infestation in all male and female turkeys and Menacanthus pallidulus was noted as the less common ectoparasite  infesting  both  the  male  and  female turkeys. Endoparasite infection was recorded in two species of parasite eggs of nematodes and protozoa. Oocyst of Eimeriaspp. recorded the highest faecal egg count with  7300  epg  compared  to  Capillariaspp. with only 1200 epg. Scavenging and pecking behaviour of turkeys in barn area with unsuitable farm housing environment were the major contributing factors to the infestation  of  ectoparasites  as  well  as  endoparasites infection

10aectoparasites10aEndoparasites10anorthern peninsular Malaysia.10aturkeys1 aMohammad_Zarith, Z.1 aSuhaila, A.H.1 aNik_Him, Nik_Ahmad_Irwan_Izzauddin1 aKhadijah, S. uhttp://www.dvs.gov.my/dvs/resources/user_15/MJVR%20Volume%208%20No.1%202017/MJVR-V8N1-p1-9.pdf00994nas a2200169 4500008004100000022002100041245007500062210006800137300001200205490000700217520042600224653001600650100003400666700002200700700001700722856008500739 2019 eng d aonline 0974-936500aLousiness in a Nandanam Variety of Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)0 aLousiness in a Nandanam Variety of Turkey iMeleagris gallopavoi a77 - 790 v963 a

The present study records severe lousiness in a Nandanam variety of male turkey maintained in an organized poultry farm. The lice were collected, processed and identied based on morphological characteristics. Coexistence of two species of lice viz., Oxylipeurus polytrape- zius (the slender turkey louse) and Menacan- thus stramineus (Body louse), and was observed along with nymphs, larvae and numerous nits.

10aTurkey lice1 aJeyathilakan, Narayanaperumal1 aBino_Sundar, S.T.1 aSangaran, A. uhttps://ivj.org.in/users/members/viewarticles.aspx?ArticleView=1&ArticleID=8857#01845nas a2200181 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260001200201300001400213490000600227520121600233653001601449653002001465653001001485100002901495700003401524856010501558 2015 eng d00aEctoparasites of Domestic Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in Al-Diwaniya City/Iraq0 aEctoparasites of Domestic Turkey iMeleagris gallopavoi in AlDiwa c10-2015 a669 - 6770 v43 a

The present study was conducted during the period from 1/9/2014 - 1/5/2015; 50 birds of domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) was collected from different areas of Al-Diwaniya city, in order to isolate and diagnose ectoparasites on turkeys as well as study infection percentage by these parasites with the intensity and the most important pathological changes caused by the infection The results showed presence of four species of biting lice (Gonoiocotes gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Menacanthus straminus and Oxylipeurus sp.) by infection and intensity of 10% and 6.81, 0.4% and 4.72, 2% and 0.54, 2% and 0.09, respectively, and two species of ticks (Arguspersicus and Haemophysalis sp. Nymph) by injury and intensity of 2% and 0.54, 0.2% and 0.24, respectively. The results also showed that the infection distribution in external parasites of turkey by sex were higher in males than females because the infection percentage was reached32 and 12% respectively, as well as incidence a many of pathological and gross changes of infected birds lice such as lethargy, laziness, wings sagging, nervous tension, break feathers and loosed in addition to skin color changed, appearance of scratches and bleeding

10abiting lice10aDomestic turkey10aticks1 aAl-Mayali, Hadi, Madlool1 aAbdul_Kadhim, Hind, Alshabiny uhttps://www.ijcmas.com/vol-4-10/Hadi%20M.%20Hamza%20Al-Mayali%20and%20Hind%20A.%20Abdul%20Kadhim.pdf02973nas a2200193 4500008004100000245014400041210007000185300001500255490000700270520225500277653001002532653002602542653000902568100001502577700002102592700002102613700001802634856012702652 2013 eng d00aEctoparásitos de aves en explotaciones de traspatio (Gallus gallus domesticus, y Meleagris gallopavo) de una región del sur de México0 aEctoparásitos de aves en explotaciones de traspatio Gallus gall a1845 - 1890 v723 a

Paper in Spanish:

RESUMEN: Con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de ectoparásitos en aves de corral de Macuilxóchitl, Oa- xaca, México. Se muestrearon 51 aves, incluyendo pollos (Gallus gallus domesticus) y pavos (Meleagris gallopavo). Los ectopárasitos se colectaron con un algodón impregnado de alcohol-eter. Todas las aves resultaron positivas a algún ectoparásito. En los pollos, se identificaron cuatro especies de piojos mastica- dores: Menopon gallinae (86%), Menacanthus stramineus (88%), Chelopistes meleagridis (64%), Lipeurus caponis (33%) y tres especies de pulgas, Echidnophaga gallinacea (75%), Ctenocephalides felis (66%), Ctenocephalides canis (60%). En los pavos se observaron las siguientes frecuencias: M. gallinae (100%), M. stramineus (100%) C. meleagridis (100%), L. caponis 50%) E. gallinacea (100%), C. felis (33%). Enpollos y pavos la mayoría de las infestaciones fueron de cuatro o más especies de ectoparásitos. Este es el primer estudio sobre identificación de ectoparásitos en la región.

Palabras clave: Piojos, pulgas, aves explotación de traspatio.

English title: ECTOPARASITES OF BACKYARD POULTRY (GALLUS GALLUS DOMESTICUS AND MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO) IN A REGION OF SOUTHERN MEXICO

ABSTRACT: In order to determine the frequency of ectoparasites in poultry Macuilxóchitl, Oaxaca, Mexico. 51 birds were sampled, including chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). Ectopara- sites were collected with an alcohol - ether cotton. All birds tested positive for any ectoparasite. In chickens, four species of chewing lice were identified: Menopon gallinae (86%), Menacanthus stramineus (88%), Chelopistes meleagridis (64%), Lipeurus caponis (33%) and three species of fleas, Echidnophaga galli- nacea (75%), Ctenocephalides felis (66%), Ctenocephalides canis (60%). In turkeys M. gallinae (100%), M. stramineus (100%) C. meleagridis (100%), L. caponis 50%) E. gallinacea (100%), C. felis (33%). In chickens and turkeys most infestations were four or more species of ectoparasites. This is the first study on identification of ectoparasites in the region.

10afleas10afree backyard poultry10alice1 aCruz, M.I.1 aFigueroa, C.J.A.1 aQuintero, M.M.T.1 aAlcayá, C.Y. uhttps://www.scribd.com/document/361610596/Ectoparasitos-de-Aves-en-Explotaciones-de-Traspatio-de-Una-Region-Del-Sur-de-Mex03042nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010200041210007100143520246600214653001802680653001802698100001602716700001702732700001802749700001702767700001802784856007002802 2014 eng d00aCONTRIBUCIÓN A LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DEL Mallophaga EN GUAJOLOTES NATIVOS DEL ESTADO DE YUCATÁN0 aCONTRIBUCIÓN A LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DEL Mallophaga EN GUAJOLOTES 3 a

Paper in Spanish:

Resumen
Una de las principales características que se reconocen en el guajolote nativo (Meleagris gallopavo), es su capacidad de resistir condiciones ambientales poco favorables. Los ectoparásitos juegan un papel importante en la dinámica poblacional, diversidad genética y resistencia natural de muchas especies, su distribución es de tipo cosmopolita, es decir, que se encuentran en todas las regiones biogeográficas en las que viven sus hospedadores. El estado sanitario de los guajolotes nativos, es un tema importante de salud pública, debido a que son criados principalmente para el consumo de su carne y huevos. El presente estudio, se realizó en el Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, con la finalidad de contribuir al conocimiento de ectoparásitos de Meleagris gallopavo en el estado de Yucatán. La colecta de los parásitos se realizó en el 2011 en cuatro municipios del estado de Yucatán, (Motul, Maní, Cepeda, Timucuy) conservando las muestras en alcohol al 70%, Se identificaron para Yucatán tres especies, Chelopistes meleagridis, Lipeurus caponis y Menacanthus stramineus.

Palabras Clave: eleagris gallopavo; Ectoparásitos; Salud animal.

English title: CONTRIBUTION TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF Mallophaga TURKEYS IN NATIVES OF THE STATE OF YUCATÁN

Abstract

A of the main characteristics that are recognized the native turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), is its ability to withstand unfavorable environmental conditions. The ectoparasites play an important role in population dynamics, genetic diversity and natural resistance of many species, its distribution is cosmopolitan type ie that are in all biogeographic regions where their hosts live. The sanitary state of the native turkeys is an important public health topic because they are raised primarily for the consumption of its meat and eggs. This study was performed Conkal Technological Institute, with the aim of contributing to the knowledge of ectoparasites of Meleagris gallopavo in the state of Yucatán. The collection of the parasites was performed in 2011 in four municipalities of the state of Yucatán, (Motul, Maní, Cepeda, Timucuy) preserving the samples in 70% alcohol, were identified for Yucatán three species Chelopistes meleagridis, Lipeurus caponis and Menacanthus stramineus.

10aanimal health10aectoparasites1 aCanul, S.M.1 aSierra, V.A.1 aAzcorra, P.G.1 aNava, G.F.J.1 aAmaya, M.S.M. uhttp://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=ES201610001003305nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245023800055210006900293260001200362300001400374490000700388520230700395653000902702653000802711653000902719653001102728100003602739700003102775700002502806856025602831 2018 eng d a0975-854200aEffect of Two Species of Ticks and Lice on Some Blood and Biochemical Parameters and their Role in the Transmission of Toxoplasma Gondii to Turkey Meleagris Gallopavo during Spring and Summer Seasons in AL-Diwaniyah Province – Iraq0 aEffect of Two Species of Ticks and Lice on Some Blood and Bioche c11-2018 a273 - 2800 v103 a

AL-Diwaniyah governorate was the research place, where the study was conducted in during spring and summer seasons from the start of March 2017 to the end of October 2018. 120 turkey birds were selected from some districts and areas of AL-Diwaniyah governorate such as AL-Diwaniyah, AL-Shamiya, AL- Daghara,AL- Sanniyah, AL-Hamza and Afak, With 20 birds per region (10 per season). Two species of ticks: Argus persicus and Dermacentor variabilis were diagnosed with 15% and 18.3% respectively, and two species of lice: Goniocotes gallinae and Menacanthus straminus with 37.5% and 27.5% sequentially. The results showed a significant increase in the Infection of ticks and lice in spring compared to summer, where the rate of infection of tick and lice was 51.66% and 85%, respectively, while infection rate in summer was 23.33% and 35%, respectively. Infection by lice was high during spring in the areas of AL- Dagara, AL- Saniyah,and AL- Hamza . It was observed that there increasing in the numbers of isolated lice species in these areas in comparison with the number of tick, whereas the lowest rates of infection by ticks and lice were in the province center. The results revealed a significant decreasing ( P ˂ 0.05 )in the concentration of Hb, the volume of PCV and the total number of RBC of infected birds compared with non-infected, while a high significant increasing was observed in the total number of WBC of infected birds in comparison with non-infected ones. The results of biochemical parameters of serum showed a significant decrease P (0.05) in the values of total protein concentrations, cholesterol and glucose of the infected birds' serum. The lowest values were for infected birds with lice, followed by tick compared to control. Eye examination of the skin and feathers of infected birds illustrated the presence of important changes such as the fall; fracture and lack of feathers completely in some areas of skin as well as wounds, scratches, and bleeding were clearly observed. The results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of tick A. persicus and lice M. stramineus tissues showed that diagnostic gene B1 (399bp) of T.gondii was present in 20 samples of the total number. This indicates the presence of this parasite in its tissues and ability to transmit it.

10alice10aPCR10aTick10aTurkey1 aAl-Shaibani, Khalid, Thamir Mat1 aAl-abodi, Hiba, Riyadh Jam1 aMahmood, Hussein, R. uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/329251611_Effect_of_Two_Species_of_Ticks_and_Lice_on_Some_Blood_and_Biochemical_Parameters_and_their_Role_in_the_Transmission_of_Toxoplasma_Gondii_to_Turkey_Meleagris_Gallopavo_during_Spring_and_Summer_Seasons_03168nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001300041245010100054210006900155260001200224300001200236490000600248520240700254653001602661653002502677653001802702653001402720653001202734653001502746100001602761700002302777700001702800700001402817700001402831856005702845 2019 eng d a2413844400aEctoparasitosis in Domesticated Turkeys (Meleagris Gallopavo) in Jere Area, Borno State, Nigeria0 aEctoparasitosis in Domesticated Turkeys Meleagris Gallopavo in J c01-2019 a11 - 220 v53 a

The present cross sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and identify the species of ectoparasites infesting domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Jere area. The study was conducted from the month of April to October, 2016 of the study period. Out of the total of 300 domesticated turkeys examined for the presence or absence of ectoparasites, 185 (61.67%) were found to be infested with one or more ectoparasites. The prevalence rate according to the study locations varies as Galtimari Ward (15.0%), Mairi emirate (12.67%), Fori ward (12.33%), University Staff Quarters (11.0%) and Mairi Kuwait (10.67%) of Jere. Among the Four different types of ectoparasites encountered, Lice (31.67%) were found to be the most prevalent followed by the Flea (15.33%) and Mites (12.0%) while the Ticks (2.67%) are the least prevalent. However, among the eight (8) different species of ectoparasites found on the infested turkeys; the most prevalent species of ectoparasites found was Lipeurus tropicalis (17.67%), followed by Echidnophaga gallinacean (15.33%), Menacanthus stramineus (8.33%), Dermanyssus gallinae (7.0%), Chelopistes meleagridis (5.67%), Epidermoptes bilobatus (3.0%), Argas persicus (2.67%) and Cnemidocoptes mutans (2.0%) in a descending order of prevalence rate. There was mixed infestation with two or more species of ectoparasites in some infected turkeys. Ectoparasites infestation was found to be significantly higher in Adult (44.0%) than in the young (17.67%) turkeys (P = 0.0148; RR = 1.202). Ectoparasites infestation was also found to be higher in the female (33.0%) than in the male (28.67%) turkeys, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.3102; RR = 0.9240). Ectoparasites infestation was found to be significantly higher in turkeys reared under the extensive (50.0%) compared to those reared under the intensive (11.67%) management systems (P < 0.0001; RR = 1.622). This is the first survey to determine the prevalence and identify the species of ectoparasites among domestic turkeys in Jere area of Borno State, Nigeria. The occurrence of ectoparasites
in domestic turkeys indicated the existence of diverse ectoparasites fauna in the present study area which is associated with inadequate management system such as poor hygienic rearing system, poor husbandry and lack of strategic ectoparasites control practices.

10aBorno State10aDomesticated Turkeys10aectoparasites10aJere area10aNigeria10aPrevalence1 aLawal, J.R.1 aMustapha, Muhammad1 aAdamu, Lawan1 aDauda, J.1 aBiu, A.A. uhttp://www.conscientiabeam.com/archive/110/03-2019/105391nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245015900055210007100214260001600285300000700301490000700308520455200315653001704867653001404884653001204898653001104910100001904921700003504940700003404975700002905009700001905038700001805057856006205075 2017 eng d a0035-186500aPrévalence et variations saisonnières des infestations par les ectoparasites des dindons de basse-cour, Meleagris gallopavo, à Sokoto, Nigeria0 aPrévalence et variations saisonnières des infestations par les e cAug-09-2018 a210 v703 a

Résumé: Entre août 2009 et juillet 2011, une étude a été conduite dans la région de Sokoto pour déterminer le taux d’infestation des dindons par les ectoparasites ainsi que l’abondance et les variations saisonnières de ces derniers. Les parasites ont été récoltés par la méthode du « dust-ruffling » (déloger les para- sites des plumes en les ébouriffant après saupoudrage de pyré- thrinoïde), puis mis dans des flacons d’éthanol à 70 %, avant d’être éclaircis au lactophénol, puis identifiés au microscope. L’examen de 265 oiseaux a révélé de forts taux d’infestation ainsi qu’une grande diversité parasitaires puisque 12 espèces ont été identifiées. Quatre espèces de poux (Phthiraptera : Ischnocera et Amblycera) ont été trouvées : Lipeurus tropi- calis (chez 78 % des dindons alors que cette espèce n’avait jusqu’alors pas été mentionnée chez cet oiseau), Menacan- thus stramineus (48 %), Goniocotes gallinae (35 %) et Chelo- pistes meleagridis (33 %). Il y avait également deux espèces de tiques (Acari : Metastigmata), Argas persicus (chez 50 % des oiseaux) et Hyalomma impressum (10 %), et cinq aca- riens responsables de gales (Acari : Astigmata et Mesostig- mata) : Bdellonyssus bursa (45 %), Megninia cubitalis (32 %), Epidermoptes bilobatus (20 %), Freyana chanayi (12 %) et Cnemidocoptes mutans (10 %). Une seule espèce de puce (Siphonaptera : Ceratophylloidea), Echidnophaga gallinacea, a été identifiée. Dans de nombreux cas, les oiseaux n’étaient infestés que par moins d’une douzaine de parasites, mais L. tropicalis et B. bursa étaient en revanche très abondants sur certains dindons qui pouvaient héberger plusieurs milliers d’individus. D’autres oiseaux étaient infestés par des dizaines voire quelques centaines d’A. persicus, de M. stramineus ou d’E. gallinacea. Les infestations étaient plus fréquentes pendant la saison sèche chaude (p < 0,01) et la saison chaude humide (p < 0,05) que pendant la saison sèche fraîche. Ces observa- tions suggèrent qu’il serait nécessaire de mettre en place des mesures de prévention et de lutte pour réduire l’importance des ectoparasites dans cette région.

Mots-clés : dindon, ectoparasite, morbidité, Nigeria

Engish title: Prevalence and seasonal fluctuations of ectoparasites infesting backyard turkeys, Meleagris gallopavo, in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria

A systematic survey was conducted during two consecutive years, August 2009 to July 2011, to study the prevalence, abundance and seasonal fluctuations of ectoparasites of turkeys in Sokoto and its environs. The ectoparasites were recovered from the birds using the dust-ruffling technique, fixed in 70% alco- hol and identified microscopically following clearing in lactophenol. The results, based on examination of 265 birds, revealed a high prevalence and a high par- asite diversity with no less than 12 species recorded. In decreasing order of prevalence, ectoparasites recorded included four louse species (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera and Amblycera): Lipeurus tropicalis (78%, hitherto unknown from turkeys), Menacanthus stramineus (48%), Goniocotes gallinae (35%), and Chelo- pistes meleagridis (33%). Two species of ticks (Acari: Metastigmata) were found: Argas persicus (50%) and Hyalomma impressum (10%). Five parasitic mites (Acari: Astigmata and Mesostigmata) were observed: Bdellonyssus bursa (45%), Megninia cubitalis (32%), Epidermoptes bilobatus (20%), Freyana chanayi (12%) and Cnemidocoptes mutans (10%). Only one flea species (Siphonaptera: Cera- tophylloidea), Echidnophaga gallinacea, was found. Many infestations consisted of a few to a dozen individuals per bird, but L. tropicalis and B. bursa were very abundant and could reach thousands of individuals on some birds, and A. persicus, M. stramineus and E. gallinacea were abundant, sometimes with hundreds of individuals, on some others. Infestations fluctuated seasonally and were more often present in the hot dry season (p < 0.01) and the warm wet sea- son (p < 0.05) than in the cool dry harmattan season. The findings suggest the need to develop effective preventive and control options to deal with ectopara- sites which flourish in numbers and diversity in the area.

10aectoparasite10aMorbidity10aNigeria10aTurkey1 aFabiyi, J., P.1 aAlayande, Musbaudeen, Olayinka1 aAkintule, Alexander, Olayinka1 aLawal, Mohammed, Dalhatu1 aMahmuda, Aliyu1 aUsman, Mahmud uhttp://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/REMVT/article/view/3139102636nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001600041245009300057210006900150260001600219300001400235490000700249520181500256653001602071653001002087653002902097653002002126653000902146653002402155653002402179100002902203700001302232700003102245856010602276 2009 eng d a0301 - 732X00aNew record of lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from domestic and ornamental birds from Chile0 aNew record of lice Insecta Phthiraptera from domestic and orname cJan-01-2009 a181 - 1840 v413 a

The paper is published in Spanish

Abstract in English:

The objective of this study was to confirm and update previous records of Phthiraptera in domestic and ornamental birds of Chile, through the examination of the plumage of the birds. The presence of Menopon gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinae and Menacanthus stramineus species
on the domestic fowl Gallus gallus domesticus was confirmed, and the Menacanthus pallidulus is reported for the first time in Chile. In ornamental birds, seven species of lice were reported for the first time in Chile: M. stramineus in wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), Goniodes pavonis and Amrysidea minuta in the Indian Peafowl, Goniocotes chrysocephalus and Oxylipeurus colchicus in the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), and Anaticola anseris and Trinoton anserinum in the Greylag Goose (Anser anser).

Abstract in Spanish:

Por medio del examen del plumaje de aves domésticas y ornamentales en Chile se reconfirma la presencia de los phthiraptera Menopon gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinae y Menacanthus stramineus en la gallina doméstica, Gallus gallus domesticus y se registra además por primera vez en el país la especie Menacanthus pallidulus. En aves ornamentales se registran en pavo, Meleagris gallipavo, la especie M. stramineus, en pavo real, Pavo cristatus las especies Goniodes pavonis y Amrysidea minuta, en faisán común Phasianus colchicus las especies Goniocotes chrysocephalus y Oxylipeurus colchicus y en ganso doméstico Anser anser las especies Anaticola anseris y Trinoton anserinum. Los siete registros realizados en aves ornamentales representan nuevos reportes para Chile.

 

 

10aAnser anser10abirds10aGallus gallus domesticus10aIndian peafowls10alice10aMeleagris gallopavo10aPhasianus colchicus1 aGonzález-Acuña, Daniel1 aLara, J.1 aCicchino, Armando, Conrado uhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0301-732X2009000200013&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en02769nas a2200193 4500008004100000245016000041210006900201260000900270300001400279490000700293520207900300100002102379700002302400700002602423700001702449700001802466700002702484856006402511 2006 eng d00aWild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) as a host of ixodid ticks, lice, and Lyme disease spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) in California State Parks0 aWild turkey Meleagris gallopavo as a host of ixodid ticks lice a c2006 a759 - 7710 v423 a

Rio Grande wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo intermedia) were evaluated as potential hosts of ixodid ticks, lice, and Lyme disease spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato [s.l.]) in three state parks in Sonoma County, California, USA, during 2003 and 2004. In total, 113 birds were collected, 50 (44.2%) of which were found to be infested by 361 ixodid ticks representing three species: the western black-legged tick (Ixodes pacificus, n=248), the rabbit tick (Haemaphysalis leporispalustris, n=112), and one American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis). Year-round the prevalence of all ticks combined was unrelated to the age or sex of turkeys, and the prevalence of infestation by I. pacificus (35.4%) was significantly higher than it was for either H. leporispalustris (14.2%) or D. variabilis (0.9%). The proportion of the two prevalent tick species differed significantly by life stage with 86.3% of the I. pacificus and 82.1% of the H. leporispalustris enumerated being nymphs and larvae, respectively. Three species of lice were collected, including the chicken body louse Menacanthus stramineus (12.5% of total), Chelopistes meleagridis (37.5% of total), and Oxylipeurus polytrapezius (50% of total). The records for all three ticks are the first ever from wild turkeys, and those for the lice are the first from this host in the far-western United States. Wild turkeys potentially were exposed to the feeding activities of I. pacificus nymphs infected with B. burgdorferi s.l. as 15% of host-seeking nymphs (n=200) collected in woodlands used by turkeys as roosting or foraging areas were infected mainly with B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.). However, only one (1%) of 90 turkey blood specimens tested by PCR contained B. burgdorferi s.s., and four in vitro, complement-protein assays demonstrated that domestic turkey serum is moderately bacteriolytic for this spirochete. Taken together, these findings indicate that wild turkeys are important avian hosts of I. pacificus nymphs, but they appear to be inconsequential hosts of B. burgdorferi s.l.

1 aLane, Robert, S.1 aKucera, Thomas, F.1 aBarrett, Reginald, H.1 aMun, Jeomhee1 aWu, Chungling1 aSmith, Vincent, Stuart uhttps://www.jwildlifedis.org/doi/10.7589/0090-3558-42.4.75901614nas a2200253 4500008004100000245015300041210006900194260000900263300001400272490000700286520078800293653001201081653001201093653001701105653001001122653004601132653001501178653004601193653001201239653001201251653002101263100001901284856005701303 1988 eng d00aEctoparasites of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris galeata Pallas) and local domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) in southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria0 aEctoparasites of guinea fowl iNumida meleagris galeatai Pallas a c1988 a277 - 2800 v123 a

The ectoparasites of poultry in a southern guinea savanna zone were investigated by the examination of guinea fowl and local domestic chickens in the range and guinea fowl under intensive management. The prevalent ectoparasites of range guinea fowl and local chickens include seven species of lice Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinae, Lipeurus caponis, Numidilipeurus tropicalis, Damalinia bovis; three mites Bdellonyssus bursa, Megninia cubitalis, Dermanyssus gallinae; two fleas Echidnophaga gallinacea, Ctenocephalides felis and two ticks Argas persicus and Ambylomma variegatum. Under intensive management, infestation by G. gigas, L. caponis and M. gallinae led to clinical signs, feather damage, reduced food intake and death.

10aanimals10achicken10aectoparasite10afleas10aLice Infestations/epidemiology/veterinary10aMallophaga10aMite Infestations/epidemiology/veterinary10aNigeria10apoultry10aPoultry Diseases1 aOkaeme, A., N. uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF0034324500696nas a2200157 4500008004100000245024200041210006900283260000900352300000800361490000700369100002000376700002100396700003100417700001800448856007200466 2003 eng d00aOccorrencia de Goniocotes gallinae (De Geer, 1778), Lipeurus sp., (Mallophaga, Philopteridae) e Menopon gallinae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mallophaga, Menoponidae), em Numida meleagris (Linnaeus, 1758) (guinea fowl), em Arroio Grande, RS, Brazil0 aOccorrencia de Goniocotes gallinae De Geer 1778 Lipeurus sp Mall c2003 a2270 v701 aRibeiro, P., B.1 aCosta, P., R. P.1 aKrüger, Rodrigo, Ferreira1 aBicho, C., L. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/8882.pdf01793nas a2200253 4500008004100000245006700041210006700108260000900175300001400184490000700198520110900205653001201314653000901326653001101335653002101346653001301367653001001380653000901390100001701399700002001416700001401436700002101450856006801471 1993 eng d00aLice on helmeted guineafowls at five localties in South Africa0 aLice on helmeted guineafowls at five localties in South Africa c1993 a223 - 2280 v603 a

A total of 234 helmeted guineafowls, Numida meleagris coronata, were examined for lice at five localities in South Africa. These were the Mountain Zebra National Park in the eastern Karoo, Cape Province; the Andries Vosloo Kudu Reserve and the farm Bucklands, in Valley Bushveld, eastern Cape Province; the Bontebok National Park, south-western Cape Province; and the southern part of the Kruger National Park, eastern Transvaal Lowveld. A total of eight louse species, comprising Amyrsidea desousai, Clayia theresae, Goniodes gigas , Goniodes numidae, Lipeurus numidae, Numidicola antennatus, Numidilipeurus lawrensis and Somaphantus lusius were recovered from the guineafowls. With the exception of A. desousai , which was not recovered from the guineafowls in the Bontebok National Park, all eight species were present on the birds at each locality. The prevalence of infestations on the birds at the various localities ranged from 99.2-100 %, and the numbers of lice present on individual birds, from 0-3619. Goniodes spp. and N . antennatus were the most abundant and A. desousai the least.

10aanimals10afowl10aKruger10anumida meleagris10aparasite10aticks10awild1 aLouw, J., P.1 aHorak, Ivan, G.1 aMeyer, S.1 aPrice, Roger, D. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/1023.pdf