01927nas a2200205 4500008004100000245012000041210006900161300001400230490000700244520124400251653001801495653003501513100002101548700002301569700002301592700002101615700002001636700002201656856004301678 2018 eng d00aBody size and fecundity are correlated in feather lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera): implications for Harrison's rule0 aBody size and fecundity are correlated in feather lice Phthirapt a394 - 3960 v433 a

Abstract. 1. Harrison’s rule, which predicts that large-bodied species of hosts have large-bodied species of parasites, has been documented in a wide diversity of parasites. 2. Harrison’s rule has been most thoroughly studied in avian feather lice, which escape from host defence (preening) by hiding in the feathers. Lice that are unable to hide are selectively removed by preening. Preening selects for small lice on small hosts, which
have small feathers in which to hide.
3. Preening should not, however, select for large lice on large hosts. Instead, the larger
size of lice on large hosts is thought to result from a positive relationship between size and fecundity, as shown for many other insects.
4. This study tested for a size–fecundity correlation within Columbicola columbae, the host-specific ‘wing louse’ of rock pigeons (Columba livia).
5. The results confirm a positive relationship between female body length and number of eggs laid.
6. The study thus supports a mechanism consistent with stabilising selection leading to the evolution of the Harrison’s rule pattern among species of Columbicola and their hosts

10aectoparasites10asize–fecundity relationship.1 aVilla, Scott, M.1 aEvans, Mckenna, D.1 aSubhani, Yumna, K.1 aAltuna, Juan, C.1 aBush, Sarah, E.1 aClayton, Dale, H. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/een.1251101831nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245008700055210006900142260001600211300000900227520112900236653001801365653001301383653001301396653001301409653003301422100002101455700002601476700002201502700002201524856005501546 2018 eng d a0269-765300aBeak of the pinch: anti-parasite traits are similar among Darwin’s finch species0 aBeak of the pinch antiparasite traits are similar among Darwin s cSep-08-2019 a1-103 a

Darwin’s finches are an iconic example of adaptive radiation. The size and shape of the beaks of different finch species are diversified for feeding on different size seeds and other food resources. However, beaks also serve other functions, such as preening for the control of ectoparasites. In diverse groups of birds, the effectiveness of preening is governed by the length of the overhanging tip of the upper mandible of the beak. This overhang functions as a template against which the tip of the lower mandible generates a pinching force sufficient to damage or kill ectoparasites. Here we compare feeding versus preening components of the beak morphology of small, medium, and large ground finches that share a single para- site community. Despite adaptive divergence in beak morphology related to feeding, the three species have nearly identical relative mandibular overhang lengths. Moreover, birds with intermediate length overhangs have the lowest feather mite loads. These results sug- gest that Darwin’s finches maintain an optimal beak morphology to effectively control their ectoparasites

10afeather mites10aGeospiza10aOverhang10apreening10aPrincipal component analysis1 aVilla, Scott, M.1 aKoop, Jennifer, A. H.1 aLe Bohec, Céline1 aClayton, Dale, H. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10682-018-9949-002338nas a2200253 4500008004100000245013000041210006900171260001600240300001300256490000700269520153400276653002001810653001001830653001401840100002201854700001901876700002101895700002101916700002501937700002701962700001901989700002302008856005302031 2018 eng d00aIntegrating phylogenomic and population genomic patterns in avian lice provides a more complete picture of parasite evolution0 aIntegrating phylogenomic and population genomic patterns in avia cJan-01-2018 a95 - 1120 v723 a

Parasite diversity accounts for most of the biodiversity on earth, and is shaped by many processes (e.g., cospeciation, host switching). To identify the effects of the processes that shape parasite diversity, it is ideal to incorporate both deep (phylogenetic) and shallow (population) perspectives. To this end, we developed a novel workflow to obtain phylogenetic and population genetic data from whole genome sequences of body lice parasitizing New World ground-doves. Phylogenies from these data showed consistent, highly resolved species-level relationships for the lice. By comparing the louse and ground-dove phylogenies, we found that over long-term evolutionary scales their phylogenies were largely congruent. Many louse lineages (both species and populations) also demonstrated high host-specificity, suggesting ground-dove divergence is a primary driver of their parasites’ diversity. However, the few louse taxa that are generalists are structured according to biogeography at the population level. This suggests dispersal among sympatric hosts has some effect on body louse diversity, but over deeper time scales the parasites eventually sort according to host species. Overall, our results demonstrate that multiple factors explain the patterns of diversity in this group of parasites, and that the effects of these factors can vary over different evolutionary scales. The integrative approach we employed was crucial for uncovering these patterns, and should be broadly applicable to other studies.

10aDiversification10adoves10aparasites1 aSweet, Andrew, D.1 aBoyd, Bret, M.1 aAllen, Julie, M.1 aVilla, Scott, M.1 aValim, Michel, Paiva1 aRivera-Parra, Jose, L.1 aWilson, R., E.1 aJohnson, Kevin, P. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/evo.2018.72.issue-1