01955nas a2200265 4500008004100000245005900041210005000100260001400150300000900164490000800173520120500181100002201386700001801408700001901426700001701445700001701462700001901479700002001498700002901518700003201547700002001579700002001599700002201619856004801641 2024 eng d00aA vagrant walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) in Finland0 avagrant walrus iOdobenus rosmarusi in Finland c18-4-2024 a1-170 v1003 a

In July 2022, a vagrant female Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) seen was on the south of the coast of Finland. The same individual, which was called 'Stena' in the international press, had been previously observed in the waters of several other European countries along the North and Baltic Seas. By the time the animal reached Finnish waters it was in poor condition and did not survive a rescue attempt. Post-mortem investigation revealed that the animal was malnourished and its digestive tract was almost empty, but trace amounts of DNA from bivalves and other aquatic invertebrates could be recovered. Amortized from minor age-related ailment and superficial skin wounds, the walrus showed no signs of illness or injuries. Dental wear suggested that the animal was at least 20 years old. Its body and cranial measurements, including tusk length, were well the average size for a female Atlantic walrus. Mitochondrial DNA supported its origin in the eastern Barents Sea populations. The sample was mounted and put on display in the Natural History Museum, Helsinki. This is the first confirmed free-ranging walrus observation in the northern part of the Baltic Sea and Finland

1 aPihlström, Henry1 aHalkka, Antti1 aSainmaa, Sanna1 aLanki, Maiju1 aSimola, Outi1 aOksanen, Antti1 aPilāts, Valdis1 aVesterinen, Eero, Juhani1 aPohjoismäki, Jaakko, L. O.1 aPuolakoski, Ari1 aGranroth, Janne1 aVäinölä, Risto uhttps://journal.fi/msff/article/view/14510003501nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245013600055210006900191260001600260300001400276490000700290520266300297653001902960653001702979653000902996653000803005653001703013653001303030653001703043100002403060700002903084700001803113700002903131700001903160856004403179 2022 eng d a2076-261500aHow Serious Are Health-Related Welfare Problems in Unowned Unsocialised Domestic Cats? A Study from Denmark Based on 598 Necropsies0 aHow Serious Are HealthRelated Welfare Problems in Unowned Unsoci cMar-06-2022 a15 pp 6620 v123 a

Simple Summary: Domestic cats are very popular companion animals, but a significant number are ownerless. These are either socialised or unsocialised. The former can be re-homed. Unsocialised domestic cats, on the other hand, are difficult to handle and fear humans. Therefore, rehoming them is challenging. Unowned unsocialised cats are seen by many people as a nuisance, a hazard to
human and animal health, and a threat to biodiversity. However, others have concerns about their welfare, although our knowledge of how well these cats actually cope is very limited. To remedy this, we studied the corpses of 598 unsocialised cats euthanised in Denmark in 2019 by two cat welfare organisations. Our findings reveal that unsocialised cats in Denmark face only a moderate load of
health-related welfare problems, even in comparison with owned cats. So, although there may be other reasons to euthanise unsocialised cats, this practice may, in a place like Denmark, be difficult to justify by pointing to the welfare needs of the cats.

Abstract: Free ranging unsocialised domestic cats are widely believed to suffer from a high load of welfare problems. We assessed the validity of this belief by performing necropsies on the corpses of 598 unsocialised cats, originating from all parts of Denmark, that had been euthanised by two Danish cat welfare organisations. We selected a number of variables for health-related cat welfare that could be assessed through necropsy (e.g., gross lesions, ectoparasites and body condition) or by laboratory analysis (e.g., infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and by feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)). Each finding was classified as having either a major or minor welfare impact on the cat. More than 83% of the cats had no major finding, and 54% had no finding indicating a welfare issue at all. More than 83% of the cats had a body condition within normal range. Only 0.3% were emaciated. The most common finding was infestation with ectoparasites, with 15.9% infected with lice, 12.3% with fleas, 4.7% with ticks, and 6.7% with ear mites. FIV and FeLV were detected in 9.2% and 1.2% of the cases, respectively. The most common lesion related to the cats’ teeth. Overall, unsocialised cats in Denmark have a moderate level of health-related welfare problems.

Supplementary Materials: The following is available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/ani12050662/s1: Table S1: Health findings from 598 unowned unsocialised cats in Denmark, including the raw data file used for the prevalence estimations.

10aBody condition10aectoparasite10aFeLV10aFIV10afree-ranging10anecropsy10aunsocialised1 aThuesen, Ida, Sofie1 aAgerholm, Jørgen, Steen1 aMejer, Helena1 aNielsen, Søren, Saxmose1 aSandøe, Peter uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/5/66202021nas a2200205 4500008004100000022002500041245013400066210006900200260001600269300001000285490000700295520132300302653000801625653002701633100002001660700002001680700001701700700003001717856006801747 2022 eng d a1678-2690, 0001-376500aEffect of host age, sex and life stage on the prevalence and abundance of sucking lice on Weddell seal in the Antarctic Peninsula0 aEffect of host age sex and life stage on the prevalence and abun cJan-01-2022 a10 pp0 v943 a

Through evolutionary time, seal lice have developed morphological, behavioral, and ecological adaptations to cope with the amphibious lifestyle of their hosts in a co-evolutionary process. Consequently, the dynamics of lice populations are determined by seals behavior. We aim to study the effects of host sex, age class, year, and sampling location, on the prevalence and mean abundance of Antarctophthirus carlinii, on Weddell seals (WS) Leptonychotes wedelli. The study was conducted at two sites in the Antarctic Peninsula, namely, Marambio/Seymour Island (MI) and the Danco Coast (DC). We collected lice from 71 WS: 33 from MI, during the reproductive season, and 38 from DC, during the molting season, between 2014 and 2017. According to our analyses, host age class and sex were the variables that affected prevalence levels of lice on WS. Whereas, age class, year, site, and sex affected lice mean abundance. Juveniles presented higher prevalence and mean abundance than adults, possibly acting as reservoirs for lice as they move through different colonies until they reach reproductive age. Concurrently, seals during molting season were more infested. Unlike nursing, during the molting season seals spend much time ashore forming mixed groups that favor both egg development and lice transmission.

10aGLM10aInfestation parameters1 aSoto, Florencia1 aNegrete, Javier1 aKlaich, M.J.1 aLeonardi, María, Soledad uhttps://www.scielo.br/j/aabc/a/yMB9Lg9pp9yRFGvtbTSQGBP/?lang=en03914nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245012700055210006900182260001600251300001000267490000700277520302700284653000903311653001403320653002303334653000903357653001703366653001103383653001503394653001703409653001403426653001303440100002203453700001803475700001703493700001603510856008603526 2022 eng d a1756-330500aDipylidium caninum in the twenty-first century: epidemiological studies and reported cases in companion animals and humans0 aDipylidium caninum in the twentyfirst century epidemiological st cMay-10-2022 a13 pp0 v153 a

Background Dipilidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum. Fleas and, less frequently, lice act as an intermediate host, and their ingestion is required for infection to occur. While the disease mainly affects domestic and wild carnivores, it is also considered a zoonotic disease, with most human cases reported in children. Dipylidium caninum is considered to be the most common tapeworm infesting companion animals, but dipilidosis in humans is rare. The aims of this review were to improve current understanding of the epidemiology of this parasitosis and its management by the medical and veterinary community.

Methods A comprehensive review of the published literature during the last 21 years (2000–2021) on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention measures of D. caninum infection and dipilidiosis in companion animals and humans was conducted.

Results Using predefined eligibility criteria for a search of the published literature, we retrieved and screened 280 publications. Of these, 161 (141 epidemiological studies, 20 case reports [16 human cases]) were considered for inclusion in this review. This parasitosis is present worldwide; however, despite being the most frequent cestode infection in animals, it is often underdiagnosed using common coprological techniques. Its diagnosis in humans has also proved challenging, being frequently confused with pinworm infection, leading to inappropriate treatment and to the persistence of the disease over time. Prevention measures include control of ectoparasites in animals and the environment, as well as regular deworming of animals, most commonly with praziquantel.

Conclusions The diagnosis of dipilidiosis remains challenging in both animals and humans, primarily due to the low sensitivity of the diagnostic methods currently available and a lack of knowledge of the morphological characteristics of the parasite. Although treatment with the appropriate anti-cestode compounds is well tolerated and results in resolution of the infection, indiscriminate use of these compounds may predispose to an increase in resistance. Given the worldwide distribution of this parasite, it is essential to act on several fronts, with a focus on health education for children and animal owners and the control of intermediate hosts, both in animals and in the surrounding environment. Graphical Abstract

10aCats10aDiagnosis10aDipylidium caninum10adogs10aepidemiology10ahumans10aprevention10aSiphonaptera10aTreatment10azoonosis1 aRousseau, Julieta1 aCastro, Andry1 aNovo, Teresa1 aMaia, Carla uhttps://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-022-05243-505888nas a2200181 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260004900214300001100263490000800274520515500282653002105437653003905458653002405497653001905521100001605540856015005556 2022 eng d00aMitochondrial genome evolution and molecular phylogeny of parasitic lice (infraorder: Phthiraptera)0 aMitochondrial genome evolution and molecular phylogeny of parasi aQueenslandbUniversity of the Sunshine Coast a246 pp0 vPhd3 a

Parasitic lice (infraorder Phthiraptera) have five parvorders: Amblycera, Anoplura Ischnocera, Rhynchophthirina and Trichodectera. Sucking lice are in the parvorder Anoplura and chewing lice are in the other four parvorders. Fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genome has been found in lice of all five parvorders. Anoplura, Rhynchophthirina, and Trichodectera species studied so far, all have extensively fragmented mt genomes. For Amblycera and Ischnocera, some species (e.g.,  pigeon lice) have fragmented mt genomes whereas others have single-chromosome mt genomes. As a shared derived  character, mt genome fragmentation supported the close phylogenetic relationship among the three parvorders: Anoplura,  Rhynchophthirina and Trichodectera. However, a few studies showed that mt genome fragmentation could occur  independently in different lineages of parasitic lice. In this thesis, I investigated the mt genome evolution in a broader range of parasitic lice including both chewing lice and sucking lice from birds and mammals. The potential use of mt genome fragmentation in resolving phylogenetic relationships among parasitic lice was explored and discussed.


This thesis has six chapters. Chapter 1 is a literature review, in which I introduced parasitic lice and their mt genomes. In Chapter 2, I analysed the variation in mt karyotype between the macaque louse and the colobus louse (both in the genus Pedicinus) and inferred the mt karyotype of the most recent common ancestor of higher primate lice. I discovered that two of the inferred ancestral mt minichromosomes of higher primate lice merged as one in the macaque louse whereas one of the ancestral minichromosomes split into two in the colobus louse after these two species diverged from their most recent common ancestor. The findings of this chapter have been published in Fu & Dong et al. (2020).

In Chapter 3, I reconstructed the phylogeny of sucking lice and inferred the ancestral mt karyotype of Polyplax sucking lice. I discovered that: 1) tRNA genes are entirely responsible for mt karyotype variation in three Polyplax species studied to date; and 2) tRNA gene translocation is frequent between different types of minichromosomes and towards the boundaries with control regions. A similar tRNA gene translocation pattern can also be seen in other sucking lice with fragmented mt genomes. The findings of this chapter have been published in Dong et al. (2021).

n Chapter 4, I assembled the mt genomes of five seal louse species (family Echinophthiriidae) and the gorilla louse (Pthirus gorillae). I then inferred the mt karyotype of the most recent common ancestor of seal lice. My results indicated that: 1) at least three ancestral mt minichromosomes of sucking lice have split in the lineage leading to seal lice; 2) two ancestral minichromosomes of seal lice have merged in the lineage to the northern fur seal louse; and 3) one minichromosome ancestral to primate lice has split in the lineage to the gorilla louse. My analysis of mt karyotypes and gene sequences also indicated the possibility of a host switch of crabeater seal louse to Weddell seals. The findings of this chapter have been published in Dong et al. (2022).

In Chapter 5, I sequenced and assembled the mt genomes of 17 species of Amblycera lice – 14 in the family Menoponidae and three in the family Laemobothriidae. I found that four Menoponidae species in three genera (Actornithophilus, Austromenopon and Myrsidea) have fragmented mt genomes, whereas all the other 13 Amblycera species have the typical single-chromosome mt genomes. My analysis showed that mt genome fragmentation occurred four times independently in
each of the four genera: Actornithophilus, Austromenopon, Myrsidea and Laemobothrion. The manuscript that reports the findings of this chapter has been externally reviewed by the journal Cladistics and a revised manuscript is currently under review with the journal.

In Chapter 6, I summarized my research findings and discussed further study that can be done in the future. This thesis is a significant contribution to our understanding of the evolution of mt genomes of parasitic lice. For the first time, I discovered that: 1) mt karyotype evolved in opposite directions between two closely related congeneric species: macaque louse (Pedicinus obtusus) and colobus louse (Pedicinus badii); 2) for sucking lice, tRNA gene translocation is frequent between different types of minichromosomes and towards the boundaries with control regions; 3) minichromosomal split was much more frequent than minichromosomal merger in seal lice, and a host switch likely occurred from crabeater seals to Weddell seals; 4) mt genome fragmentation occurred four times independently in each of the four genera of Amblycera:  Actornithophilus, Austromenopon, Myrsidea and Laemobothrion; and 5) each independent mt genome fragmentation event produced unique shared derived minichromosomal characters that could be informative in resolving the phylogeny of parasitic lice at different taxonomic levels.

10aMirounga leonine10amitochondrial genome fragmentation10amolecular phylogeny10aParasitic lice1 aDong, Yalun uhttps://research.usc.edu.au/esploro/outputs/doctoral/Mitochondrial-genome-evolution-and-molecular-phylogeny/99684098802621?institution=61USC_INST03480nas a2200265 4500008004100000022002500041245008500066210006900151260001600220300001400236490000800250520269400258653002202952653001402974653001502988653001603003653001203019653001303031100002103044700002003065700002203085700002003107700002203127856006503149 2021 eng d a0932-0113, 1432-195500aPredators in northern Germany are reservoirs for parasites of One Health concern0 aPredators in northern Germany are reservoirs for parasites of On cFeb-06-2021 a4229-42390 v1203 a

Urbanisation and invasion of wildlife into urban areas as well as human leisure activities create diverse wildlife-domestic animal-human interfaces, increasing the risk of (zoonotic) parasite spillover from sylvatic to domestic and synanthropic cycles. This study investigated the endo- and ectoparasite fauna, emphasising on parasites of One Health Concern, of the most common predators in northern Germany between November 2013 and January 2016. Eighty red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 18 stone martens (Martes foina) and nine raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) were available for the study. Overall, 79 (73.8%) of the examined predators (n=107) harboured at least one endoparasite. The most frequently detected endoparasites in red foxes were Toxocara canis (43.8% positive individuals), Capillaria spp. (36.3%), Alaria alata (25.0%), Echinococcus multilocularis (26.3%) and Uncinaria stenocephala (25.0%). Furthermore, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris vulpis, Taenia ssp., Mesocestoides spp. and coccidian oocysts were observed. The endoparasite species richness in raccoon dogs was comparable to red foxes, while in stone martens, only Capillaria spp. were found. Muscle digestion for detection of Trichinella spp. and antigen testing for Giardia spp. did not show positive results. Ectoparasite analyses revealed infestations with ticks species of the genus Ixodes as well as Dermacentor reticulatus. Scabies mites were not present in digested skin samples, while Demodex spp. mites were observed by faecal flotation in one red fox. Furthermore, fleas (Archaeopsylla erinacei and Chaetopsylla globiceps) were observed in the fur of red foxes, while lice were not present in any predator species. However, infestation frequency with ectoparasites was with 19.2% generally low in available predator skins (n=99). Overall, the present study showed that predators in northern Germany serve as reservoirs for parasites of One Health concern, with four of the five most frequent endoparasites being zoonotic, highlighting the need of parasite surveillance in wildlife predators in order to implement measures avoiding spillovers to domestic animals and humans.

10aEchinococcus spp.10aHelminths10aPrevalence10aRaccoon dog10aRed fox10azoonoses1 aWaindok, Patrick1 aRaue, Katharina1 aGrilo, Miguel, L.1 aSiebert, Ursula1 aStrube, Christina uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-021-07073-302040nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245011200055210006900167260001600236300000900252490000800261520110000269653001201369653001901381653001401400653002901414653002301443653001401466100002201480700002301502700001701525700002401542700002401566700001601590700003101606700002501637856007601662 2021 eng d a0378-111900aStructure, gene order, and nucleotide composition of mitochondrial genomes in parasitic lice from Amblycera0 aStructure gene order and nucleotide composition of mitochondrial cFeb-01-2021 a7 pp0 v7683 a

Parasitic lice have unique mitochondrial (mt) genomes characterized by rearranged gene orders, variable genome structures, and less AT content compared to most other insects. However, relatively little is known about the mt genomes of Amblycera, the suborder sister to all other parasitic lice. Comparing among nine different genera (including representative of all seven families), we show that Amblycera have variable and highly rearranged mt genomes. Some genera have fragmented genomes that vary considerably in length, whereas others have a single mt chromosome. Notably, these genomes are more AT-biased than most other lice. We also recover genus-level phylogenetic relationships among Amblycera that are consistent with those reported from large nuclear datasets, indicating that mt sequences are reliable for reconstructing evolutionary relationships in Amblycera. However, gene order data cannot reliably recover these same relationships. Overall, our results suggest that the mt genomes of lice, already know to be distinctive, are even more variable than previously thought.

10aAT-bias10aCrotophaga ani10aEvolution10aMyiothylpis luteoviridis10aOrganelle genomics10aPhylogeny1 aSweet, Andrew, D.1 aJohnson, Kevin, P.1 aCao, Yanghui1 ade_Moya, Robert, S.1 aSkinner, Rachel, K.1 aTan, Milton1 aVirrueta-Herrera, Stephany1 aCameron, Stephen, L. uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S037811192030981102340nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140260005500209300001000264490001100274520184800285100001702133856005602150 2021 eng d00aPrevalence of Ecotoparasites in Pet Animals (Dog, Cat and Rabbit) of Tansen Municipalit, Palpa0 aPrevalence of Ecotoparasites in Pet Animals Dog Cat and Rabbit o aKathmandu, NepalbTribhuvan UniversitycApril 2021 a60 pp0 vMaster3 a

Pet is kept for pleasure, enjoyment and companionship instead of its utility. They may harbor many ectoparasites such as tick, flea, mite etc. Various ectoparasites cause significant infestations in pet animals. The purpose of study was to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites on pet animals of Tansen Municipality, Palpa. Ectoparasites were collected from 134 pet animals (88 dogs, 36 cats and 10 rabbits). They were collected by hand picking method from June to September, 2019. They were preserved in vials containing 70% alcohol, slides were prepared and identified by using different keys. Data analysis was done by using MS-Excel 2010. Among 134 pets examined, 92 were found to be infested with ectoparasites such as tick, flea and lice. The identification was done upto species level. Among total dogs examined, 65 were found to be infested with Rhipicephalus sanguineus (42.04%) Ctenocephalides canis (29.54), Ctenocephalides felis (31.81%), Linognathus setosus (3.4%). Among total cat examined, 21 were found to be infected with Rhipicephalus sanguineus (11.11%), Ctenocephalides canis (5.55%), Ctenocephalides felis (52.7%). Among total rabbit examined, 6 were found to be infested with Ctenocephalides canis (10%), Ctenocephalides felis (50%). Single infestation was found highest among all pet animals and the finding revealed that dogs were more susceptible to ectoparasite infestation than cats and rabbits. A semi- structured questionnaire was set up to achieve the information from 68 pet owners. Only few of the respondents knew about the parasitic disease. Considering the level of awareness, pet related zoonotic diseases are the major threat of public health in the present study. Extensive public education about pet related zoonoses is needed to create awareness on the public and minimize the risk disease.

1 aSaru, Amrita uhttps://elibrary.tucl.edu.np/handle/123456789/1140205000nas a2200181 4500008004100000022002500041245020700066210006900273260001600342300001000358490000700368520428900375653003704664100002104701700002404722700002104746856005104767 2021 eng d a2413-0958, 1992-109800aAntarctophthirus nevelskoyi n.sp. (Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae) - a new species of parasite of the Northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus L., 1758) at Tyuleniy Island, Okhotsk Sea, Russia0 aiAntarctophthirus nevelskoyii nsp Anoplura Echinophthiriidae a n cJul-19-2021 a17-250 v163 a

Paper in Russian. Title: Antarctophthirus nevelskoyi n.sp. (Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae) - новый вид-паразит северного морского котика (Callorhinus ursinus L., 1758) на о. Тюлений (Охотское море, Россия)

Аннотация

Цель. Провести морфологическое исследование колючих вшей (Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae) рода Antarctophthirus Enderlein, 1906, снятых с северных морских котиков (Callorhinus ursinus L., 1758) на о. Тюлений (Охотское море, Россия).

Материал и методы. Колючие вши были собраны из носовых ходов щенков северного морского котика C. ursinus во время плановой эколого-вирусологической экспедиции на о. Тюлений в августе 2017 г. Четырнадцать образцов колючих вшей (11 самцов имаго, 1 самка имаго, 1 нимфа 2-го возраста, 1 нимфа 3-го возраста) хранились в 70%-ом этиловом спирте при комнатной температуре с момента сбора до начала исследования. Морфологические особенности насекомых были исследованы с помощью световой и сканирующей электронной микроскопии и сопоставлены с имеющимися данными научной литературы.

Результаты. У обследованных образцов обнаружены уникальные паттерны расположения щетинок, что для представителей данного семейства является достаточным видовым признаком и позволяет идентифицировать новый вид колючих вшей.

Заключение. Описан новый вид колючий вшей - Antarctophthirus nevelskoyi n.sp. - названный в честь знаменитого русского исследователя Дальнего Востока адмирала Геннадия Ивановича Невельского (1813-1876).

Ключевые слова: колючие вши, Echinophthiriidae, Antarctophthirus, Antarctophthirus nevelskoyi, северный морской котик, Callorhinus ursinus, остров Тюлений, Охотское море

Aim.To perform a morphological study of seal lice (Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae) of the genus Antarctophthirus Enderlein, 1906 taken from Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus L., 1758) at Tyuleniy Island, Okhotsk Sea, Russia).Material and Methods. Seal lice were collected from the nasal passages of Northern fur seal C. ursinus pups during a scheduled ecological and virological expedition to Tyuleniy Island in August 2017. Fourteen samples of seal lice (11 imago males, 1 imago female, 1 nymph of the 2nd age, 1 nymph of the 3-rd age) were stored in 70% ethanol at room temperature from the time of collection until the start of the study. Morphological features of the insects were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy and compared with the available data in the scientific literature.Results.Unique patterns of the arrangement of spines were found in the examined samples that is a sufficient species feature for representatives of this family and allows the identification of a new species of seal lice.Conclusion.A new species of seal lice, Antarctophthirus nevelskoyi n.sp., was identified and described and named after the famous Russian explorer of the Far East, Admiral Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy (18131876).

10aAntarctophthirus nevelskoyi n.sp1 aShchelkanov, Yu.1 aShchelkanov, E., M.1 aMoskvina, T., V. uhttps://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/222401819nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245013900055210006900194260001300263300001400276490000700290520096400297653002001261653003201281653001301313653001001326653001001336653001201346653001501358653001201373653003301385653000901418100002301427700002601450856006501476 2021 eng d a1742-759200aScanning electron microscopy based identification of ectoparasitic insects infesting zoo-housed jungle cats and pigeons of North India0 aScanning electron microscopy based identification of ectoparasit cDec-2021 a3263-32670 v413 a

The ectoparasites have dual adverse action against their hosts as infesting agents and as vectors of various disease entities. These ectoparasites invade domesticated and wild animals and birds either in natural habitat or in captivity. The present study is an effort to identify and confirm fleas and lice recovered from jungle cat (Felis chaus) and pigeon (Columba livia), which were delineated as Ctenocephalides felis felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) and Afrimenopon waar (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), respectively, based on gross morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy. The present study thus projected the first report of morphological identification and confirmation of ectoparasites invading the captive wild animals and birds of a zoological garden in India. Also, the present study puts forward new host species for the ectoparasites i.e. jungle cat for Ctenocephlides felis felis and pigeon for Afrimenopon waar from India.

10acaptive animals10aCtenocephalides felis felis10ahabitats10ahosts10aIndia10ainsects10ajungle cat10aPigeons10ascanning electron microscope10azoos1 aMoudgil, Aman, Dev1 aSingla, Lachhman, Das uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42690-021-00458-y03506nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245017200055210006900227260001600296300001200312490000700324520271900331653002403050653001303074653001503087653000903102653002403111100002303135700002803158700001803186856007203204 2021 eng d a2213-224400aTopical ivermectin is a highly effective seal ‘spot-on’: A randomised trial of hookworm and lice treatment in the endangered Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea)0 aTopical ivermectin is a highly effective seal spoton A randomise cDec-01-2021 a275-2840 v163 a

Highlights

The Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) is an endangered and declining otariid species, with a high rate of pup mortality associated with endemic hookworm (Uncinaria sanguinis) infection a suspected contributor to this decline. Injected ivermectin is an effective treatment for Uncinaria sp. in otariids, with optimal outcomes achieved by the early treatment of pups prior to disease development. This randomised controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of the novel use of a topical ivermectin formulation against hookworm infection and lice (Antarctophthirus microchir) infestation, in comparison with injected ivermectin. During the 2017 breeding season at Dangerous Reef, South Australia, pups ≤ 70 cm in standard length (≤ 2 weeks of age; n = 85) were randomised to single dose topical (500 μg/kg spot-on; n = 27) or injected (200 μg/kg subcutaneous; n = 29) ivermectin treatment groups, or to an untreated control group (n = 29). Topical ivermectin was highly effective for U. sanguinis elimination, and not significantly different to the injected formulation (estimated effectiveness 96.4% and 96.8%, respectively; P > 0.05). Its application resulted in an 81.6% reduction and 62.7% additional clearance for A. microchir infestation by 15-24 days post-treatment, compared with untreated control pups (also not significantly different to injected ivermectin; 83.1% and 59.4%, respectively; P > 0.05). Treatment with either ivermectin formulation significantly ameliorated increases in inflammatory markers detected in the blood of untreated control pups - peripheral blood eosinophil counts (persisting to 36-41 days post-recruitment P < 0.05) and increased plasma protein concentrations (15-24 days post-recruitment; P < 0.05). Further, an initial short-term decrease in body condition in the control group was not observed in either of the treatment groups. This study demonstrates that topical ivermectin is an effective antiparasitic treatment in N. cinerea. It offers an alternative administration method for ivermectin delivery to a young pup cohort in this species, and an alternative, minimally invasive management tool for species conservation.

10aAustralian sea lion10aHookworm10aIvermectin10alice10aUncinaria sanguinis1 aLindsay, Scott, A.1 aCaraguel, Charles, G.B.1 aGray, Rachael uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221322442100115202714nas a2200265 4500008004100000022002500041245007800066210006900144260001600213300001200229490000700241520187000248653001802118653002602136653001702162653002902179100003002208700002602238700002202264700002002286700002602306700002202332700002002354856007402374 2021 eng d a0269-283X, 1365-291500aI've got you under my skin: inflammatory response to elephant seal's lice0 aIve got you under my skin inflammatory response to elephant seal cJul-15-2021 a658-6620 v353 a

Seals (Phocidae) undergo an annual cycle of moulting that implies hair regeneration, and in the case of southern elephant seals, it also involves the superficial strata of the epidermis. Therefore, surviving the moulting period is crucial for their obligate and permanent ectoparasites. Throughout evolutionary time, sucking lice (Echinophtiriidae) have developed morphological, behavioural and ecological adaptations to cope with the amphibious lifestyle of their hosts. Lepidophthirus macrorhini, the Southern elephant seal louse species, faces the additional challenge of surviving attached to the host during the moulting period. Since lice live on the skin, L. macrorhini has developed a unique survival strategy by piercing the skin of their host, thus keeping them protected from moulting. During fieldwork in Patagonia and Antarctica, skin samples with lice within were collected for histological analysis to assess whether these parasites caused damage to the host. Lice generate an inflammatory process in the host's dermis, and these lesions could alter the normal chemical and mechanical protective properties of the skin facilitating secondary infections. Further studies that analyse the potential pathogens in those skin lesions are necessary to properly assess the real impact of ectoparasites on their host health. Lice usually live attached to the host's hair; however, Lepidophthirus macrorhini burrows into the seal's epidermis, thus avoiding being removed from the host during the moulting process. L. macrorhini probably use the robust first pair of legs to perforate the skin, and this perforation produced a cellular inflammatory response in the Southern elephant seal. These lesions could alter the normal chemical and mechanical protective properties of the skin and facilitate secondary fungal or bacterial infections

10aectoparasites10ahistological analysis10aSkin lesions10asouthern elephant seals.1 aLeonardi, María, Soledad1 aKrmpotic, Cecilia, M.1 aBarbeito, Claudio1 aSoto, Florencia1 aLoza, Cleopatra, Mara1 aVera, Ricardo, B.1 aNegrete, Javier uhttps://resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/mve.1253802529nas a2200289 4500008004100000022002500041245019200066210006900258260001600327300001200343490000800355520156000363653001901923653001201942653001901954653001301973653002301986653001402009100002502023700001802048700001902066700002402085700002302109700002402132700001802156856006502174 2021 eng d a0932-0113, 1432-195500aReview of metazoan parasites of the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and the analysis of the gastrointestinal helminth community of the population on St. Paul Island, Alaska0 aReview of metazoan parasites of the northern fur seal iCallorhin cNov-07-2020 a117-1320 v1203 a

The northern fur seal (NFS), Callorhinus ursinus (Mammalia: Otariidae), is a marine mammal species included into the IUCNRed List as the vulnerable species which population is dramatically declining. A significant amount of parasitological datacollected previously and our recent data allowed us to clarify the list of NFS metazoan parasites and to perform a comprehensiveanalysis of the gastrointestinal helminth community. Gastrointestinal tracts from 756 NFSs (3- to 4-year-old males) werecollected during the annual Aleut subsistence harvests in July–August of 2011–2014 from five separate rookeries on St. PaulIsland, Alaska. Totally, 27,625 specimens of helminths and approximately 1000 nasal mites were collected and identified.Detailed analysis of the previously published and newly obtained data revealed 32 species of metazoan parasites, includingtrematodes (6 species), cestodes (4), nematodes (9), acanthocephalans (9) and arthropods (4). The gastrointestinal helminthcommunity of newly studied NFSs comprised 19 species including trematodes (4), cestodes (3), nematodes (5) and acantho-cephalans (7). Temporal changes in the helminth community structure were small but statistically significant. Gastrointestinalhelminth infracommunities comprised from 1 to 10 species (average of 4). Small but significant correlation was found betweenthe abundances of acanthocephalans (Corynosoma similis and C. strumosum), nematodes (Contracaecum osculatum,Pseudoterranova spp.) and cestode Diphyllobothrium tetrapterum

 

10aAcanthocephala10aCestoda10aMarine mammals10aNematoda10aParasite community10aTrematoda1 aKuzmina, Tetiana, A.1 aKuzmin, Yuriy1 aDzeverin, Igor1 aLisitsyna, Olga, I.1 aSpraker, Terry, R.1 aKorol, Eleonora, M.1 aKuchta, Roman uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-020-06935-601734nas a2200181 4500008004100000245018800041210006900229260001300298300001400311490000700325520103100332653001701363100002601380700002101406700002701427700003001454856006801484 2011 eng d00aA Redescription of Felicola (Paradoxuroecus) Bengalensis (Werneck, 1948) (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) from a Common Palm Civet (Paradoxurus Hermaphroditus) in Thailand0 aRedescription of iFelicola Paradoxuroecus Bengalensisi Werneck 1 cDec 2011 a1020-10270 v453 a

Agriculture and Natural Resources - formerly known as Kasetsart Journal (Natural Science),

The chewing louse species, Felicola (Paradoxuroecus) bengalensis (Werneck, 1948) (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) has been previously described based on the morphology of the head, abdomen, genitalia and the shape and the presence of abdominal tergites. However, such studies lack detailed biometrical data. In this study, chewing lice from a common palm civet, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Pallas, 1777 (Carnivora: Viverridae), captured from the reserved forest in Western Thailand, is redescribed and illustrated using three male and three female specimens. Detailed morphological data were gathered on these louse species, which strongly supplements previous descriptions and can also be used for monitoring the health status of the common palm civet population.

Link of the paper to the former Journal name -

http://kasetsartjournal.ku.ac.th/abstractShow.aspx?param=YXJ0aWNsZUlEPTUwNjF8bWVkaWFJRD01MjMz

10aChewing lice1 aChangbunjong, Tanasak1 aPrompiram, Pirom1 aWeluwanarak, Thekhawet1 aBuddhirongawatr, Ruangrat uhttps://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/anres/article/view/24529703169nas a2200277 4500008004100000022002500041245009300066210006900159260001600228300001200244490000800256520231700264653002202581653000902603653000902612653002602621653002102647653001702668100002002685700002802705700002202733700002302755700002402778700002502802856006402827 2012 eng d a0932-0113, 1432-195500aEctoparasite infestation patterns of domestic dogs in suburban and rural areas in Borneo0 aEctoparasite infestation patterns of domestic dogs in suburban a cApr-18-2012 a909-9190 v1113 a

Domestic dogs, Canis lupus, have been one of the longest companions of humans and have introduced their own menagerie of parasites and pathogens into this relationship. Here, we investigate the parasitic load of 212 domestic dogs with fleas (Siphonaptera) chewing lice (Phthiraptera), and ticks (Acarina) along a gradient from rural areas with near-natural forest cover to suburban areas in Northern Borneo (Sabah, Malaysia). We used a spatially-explicit hierarchical Bayesian model that allowed us to impute missing data and to consider spatial structure in modelling dog infestation probability and parasite density. We collected a total of 1,968 fleas of two species, Ctenocephalides orientis and Ctenocephalides felis felis, from 195 dogs (prevalence, 92 %). Flea density was higher on dogs residing in houses made of bamboo or corrugated metal (increase of 40 % from the average) compared to timber or stone/compound houses. Host-dependent and landscape-level environmental variables and spatial structure only had a weak explanatory power. We found adults of the invasive chewing louse Heterodoxus spiniger on 42 dogs (20 %). The effect of housing conditions was opposite to those for fleas; lice were only found on dogs residing in stone or timber houses. We found ticks of the species Rhipicephalus sanguineus as well as Haemaphysalis bispinosa gp., Haemaphysalis cornigera, Haemaphysalis koenigsbergi, and Haemaphysalis semermis on 36 dogs (17 %). The most common tick species was R. sanguineus, recorded from 23 dogs. Tick infestations were highest on dogs using both plantation and forest areas (282 % increase in overall tick density of dogs using all habitat types). The infestation probability of dogs with lice and ticks decreased with elevation, most infestations occurred below 800 m above sea level. However, the density of lice and ticks revealed no spatial structure; infestation probability of dogs with these two groups revealed considerable autocorrelation. Our study shows that environmental conditions on the house level appeared to be more influential on flea and lice density whereas tick density was also influenced by habitat use. Infestation of dogs with Haemaphysalis ticks identified an important link between dogs and forest wildlife for potential pathogen transmission.

10aCredible Interval10alice10aSalb10aSpatial Random Effect10aTick Infestation10atick Species1 aWells, Konstans1 aBeaucournu, Jean-Claude1 aDurden, Lance, A.1 aPetney, Trevor, N.1 aLakim, Maklarin, B.1 aO’Hara, Robert, B. uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-012-2917-701400nas a2200241 4500008004100000245005100041210004700092490000900139520063100148653002600779653002000805653002200825653002400847653002900871653002900900653002700929653002900956653002400985653002301009653002101032100001601053856008901069 2022 eng d00aUnwelcome Guests – Coextinction of Parasites0 aUnwelcome Guests Coextinction of Parasites0 v20223 a

In biology, parasitism is a form of symbiosis, a close association between species, in which one species (the parasite) exploits another (the host) for its own benefit. This aspect of harm is what separates parasitism from other symbioses, such as commensalism, in which one species sees gains while other isn’t affected. Most parasites depend entirely on their hosts for nourishment and/or habitat, and so they become intimately tied in an evolutionary context. This host dependence often leads to extreme adaptations and body plans tailored to surviving on – or in – another organism’s body.

10aCabalus lafresnayanus10aCaracara lutosa10aFelicola isodoroi10aGallirallus owstoni10aHydrobates macrodactylus10aLongimenopon dominicanum10aPhilopteroides xenicus10aPsittacobrosus bechstein10aRallicola extinctus10aRallicola pilgrimi10aXenicus longipes1 aBeall, Luke uhttps://www.theextinctions.com/articles-1/unwelcome-guests-coextinction-of-parasites06398nas a2200241 4500008004100000022002500041245009600066210006900162260001600231300001200247490000600259520568300265653001505948653001805963653001305981653000905994653001206003100002206015700002106037700002406058700001906082856005506101 2021 eng d a2368-7460, 2368-746000aFur loss syndrome and lice infestations observed on Arctic foxes in central Nunavut, Canada0 aFur loss syndrome and lice infestations observed on Arctic foxes cDec-01-2021 a872-8780 v73 a

As temperatures in the circumpolar north continue to warm, shifts in species distribution and the breakdown of environmental barriers for arthropods may impact the diversity and distribution of ectoparasites in Arctic ecosystems. In May 2019, fur loss over the neck and shoulders was observed on Arctic foxes in a terrestrial Arctic ecosystem (Karrak Lake) in central Nunavut, Canada. This was inconsistent with normal patterns of shedding winter fur and had not been observed on Arctic foxes in this population over the previous 19 years of live-trapping. Operculated eggs attached to hair shafts were collected from one affected fox. Conventional PCR using universal louse primers targeting conserved regions of mitochondrial 12S and 16S rDNA confirmed that the eggs belonged to the order Phthiraptera. Sequencing results were inconclusive at the species level. Further investigation revealed a single unpublished report of an Arctic fox with similar fur loss trapped on mainland Nunavut, in 1997. Adult lice collected from this fox were identified as sucking lice (potentially from the genus Linognathus). Our findings emphasize the need for further monitoring and have significant implications for trappers and wildlife management, as infestations negatively impact the pelt quality of these important furbearers.

Résumé : Alors que les températures du nord circumpolaire continuent de se réchauffer, les changements dans la répartition des espèces et la rupture des barrières environnementales pour les arthropodes peuvent avoir un impact sur la diversité et la distribution des ectoparasites dans les écosystèmes arctiques. En mai 2019, une perte de fourrure sur le cou et les épaules a été observée chez des renards arctiques dans un écosystème arctique terrestre
(lac Karrak) dans le centre du Nunavut, au Canada. Cela ne correspondait pas aux schémas normaux de mue de fourrure hivernale et navait pas été observé chez les renards arctiques de cette population au cours des 19 années précédentes de piégeage vivant. Des œufs operculés attachés aux tiges des poils ont été recueillis sur un renard affecté. Une PCR conventionnelle utilisant des amorces universelles de pou ciblant des régions conservées de
lADNr 12S et 16S mitochondrial a confirmé que les œufs appartenaient à lordre des Phthiraptera. Les résultats du séquençage nétaient pas concluants au niveau de lespèce. Une enquête plus poussée a révélé un seul rapport non publié dun renard arctique présentant une perte de fourrure similaire et piégé sur la partie continentale du Nunavut,
en 1997. Les poux adultes recueillis sur ce renard ont été identifiés comme des poux suceurs (potentiellement du genre Linognathus). Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité dune surveillance plus poussée et ont des implications importantes pour les trappeurs et la gestion de la faune, car les infestations ont un impact négatif sur la qualité de la fourrure de ces importants animaux à fourrure.

Mots-clés : Renard Arctique, Nunavut, perte de fourrure, poux, ectoparasites

10aArctic fox10aectoparasites10afur loss10alice10aNunavut1 aBuhler, Kayla, J.1 aSamelius, Gustaf1 aAlisauskas, Ray, T.1 aJenkins, Emily uhttps://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/as-2021-000501420nas a2200181 4500008004100000022002500041245012800066210006900194260001600263300000900279490000700288520080300295653002201098653001401120100002201134700001901156856006301175 2020 eng d a0140-7783, 1365-288500aSurface distribution of pyrethroids following topical application to veterinary species: Implications for lateral transport0 aSurface distribution of pyrethroids following topical applicatio cSep-10-2020 a1-100 v443 a

Pyrethroids like permethrin have been used as topical formulations for their ectoparasiticidal effects since the 1970s. There are numerous efficacy studies in dogs and livestock animals that indicate a fast spread of pyrethroids after topical administration onto rather confined areas of the skin. Some studies correlate the efficacy against ticks, fleas or lice with concentrations of pyrethroids in hair and, less frequently, stratum corneum samples. It is often stated that lateral transport is responsible for the distribution of the pyrethroids over the body surface. With this review, we attempt to demonstrate evidence for lateral transport of pyrethroids after topical administration in dogs, cattle and sheep and to present data gaps that should be addressed in follow-up studies.

10alateral transport10apyrethroi1 aBäumer, Wolfgang1 aBaynes, Ronald uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jvp.1290701050nas a2200181 4500008004100000245014800041210006900189300001000258490000700268520030300275653001400578653001500592653002100607653000600628100002400634700002200658856018800680 2009 eng d00aFirst records of arthropods (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae, Acari: Ixodidae) from Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) (Carnivora: Mustelidae) in Poland0 aFirst records of arthropods Phthiraptera Trichodectidae Acari Ix a39-410 v593 a

From single specimen of Lutra lutra collected in Borowa Oleśnicka n. Oleśnica, Poland, 19 arthropods of 3 species were obtained: Lutridia exilis, Ixodes hexagonus and I. ricinus. L. exilis is new for fauna of Poland. I. hexagonus and I. ricinus for the first time were found on this host

10afaunistic10aI. ricinus10aIxodes hexagonus10aP1 aHaitlinger, Ryszard1 aŁupicki, Dariusz uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/259980754_FIRST_RECORDS_OF_ARTHROPODS_PHTHIRAPTERA_TRICHODECTIDAE_ACARI_IXODIDAE_FROM_LUTRA_LUTRA_LINNAEUS_1758_CARNIVORA_MUSTELIDAE_IN_POLAND01146nas a2200205 4500008004100000245014700041210006900188300001000257490000700267520035300274653001500627653001800642653001400660653001500674653001100689653003100700100002400731700002200755856016300777 2009 eng d00aArthropods (Acari, Mallophaga, Siphonaptera) collected from Procyon lotor (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia, Carnivora, Procyonidae) in Poland0 aArthropods Acari Mallophaga Siphonaptera collected from iProcyon a59-600 v553 a

From 9 specimens of Procyon lotor collected in vicinity of Dobroszyn and Górzyca (Lubuskie province)
61 arthropods of 6 species were obtained: Siphonaptera (one specimen), Acari (3 species), Phthiraptera (one specimen
– Trichodectes octomaculatus; new species to fauna of Poland) and one specimen of Psocoptera

10aarthropods10aectoparasites10afaunistic10aNew record10aPoland10aTrichodectes octomaculatus1 aHaitlinger, Ryszard1 aŁupicki, Dariusz uhttps://www.academia.edu/55380362/Arthropods_Acari_Mallophaga_Siphonaptera_collected_from_Procyon_lotor_Linnaeus_1758_Mammalia_Carnivora_Procyonidae_in_Poland02454nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245016700055210006900222260001600291300001000307490000700317520168300324100001702007700002302024700002002047700002302067700002102090700002202111700001802133700001802151856005502169 2022 eng d a2045-232200aNovel 3D in situ visualization of seal heartworm (Acanthocheilonema spirocauda) larvae in the seal louse (Echinophthirius horridus) by X-ray microCT0 aNovel 3D in situ visualization of seal heartworm iAcanthocheilon cAug-18-2022 a10 pp0 v123 a

Abstract: The seal heartworm Acanthocheilonema spirocauda (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) parasitizes the heart and pulmonary arteries of various phocid seals of the Northern Hemisphere. Over many decades, potential vectors of this parasite have been discussed, and to this date, the life cycle is not fully known. The seal louse Echinophthirius horridus (Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae) is an obligatory, permanent and haematophagous ectoparasite of phocids that has been hypothesized to function as obligate intermediate host for A. spirocauda. We examined 11 adult E. horridus specimens collected from stranded harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in rehabilitation at the Sealcentre Pieterburen by X-ray microCT imaging, aiming to illustrate larval A. spirocauda infection sites in situ. In three of these specimens, thread-like larvae were detected in insect organs. Detailed imaging of the most infected louse revealed a total of 54 A. spirocauda larvae located either in fat bodies or the haemocoel. Histological analysis of the same specimen illustrated nematode cross-sections, confirming X-ray microCT data. The current data strongly suggest that E. horridus is a natural intermediate host for A. spirocauda. Moreover, we demonstrate the potential of X-ray microCT-based imaging as a non-destructive method to analyze host-parasite interactions, especially in the neglected field of marine mammal parasitology.

1 aEbmer, David1 aHandschuh, Stephan1 aSchwaha, Thomas1 aRubio-García, Ana1 aGärtner, Ulrich1 aGlösmann, Martin1 aTaubert, Anja1 aHermosilla, C uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-18418-y00960nas a2200229 4500008004100000022003500041245009300076210006900169300001400238490000700252520019000259653002800449100002200477700002100499700002200520700001800542700002500560700002000585700002100605700002300626856008100649 2019 eng d aeISSN 2300-6706 ISSN 2299-063100aPreliminary data on the parasitofauna of seals (Carnivora: Phocidae) from the Baltic Sea0 aPreliminary data on the parasitofauna of seals Carnivora Phocida as266-s2670 v653 a

Paper is an abstract presentation of The 25rd Congress of the Polish Parasitological Society, Warsaw, 9-12 September 2019, session The Young Researcher's competition

10aEchinophthirus horridus1 aRolbiecki, Leszek1 aIzdebska, J., N.1 aKuczkowski, Tytus1 aDzido, Joanna1 aFryderyk, Sławomira1 aKozina, Paulina1 aPawliczka, Iwona1 aCierocka, Karolina uhttps://annals-parasitology.eu/go.live.php/PL-H227/2019-vol-65-supl-yrc.html02948nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245018700055210006900242260001600311490000700327520217000334653001802504653001602522653003402538653001402572653002002586100001602606700001402622700001602636856007802652 2022 eng d a1471-216400aFragmented mitochondrial genomes of seal lice (family Echinophthiriidae) and gorilla louse (family Pthiridae): frequent minichromosomal splits and a host switch of lice between seals0 aFragmented mitochondrial genomes of seal lice family Echinophthi cApr-08-20220 v233 a

Background The mitochondrial (mt) genomes of 15 species of sucking lice from seven families have been studied to date. These louse species have highly dynamic, fragmented mt genomes that differ in the number of minichromosomes, the gene content, and gene order in a minichromosome between families and even between species of the same genus.

Results In the present study, we analyzed the publicly available data to understand mt genome fragmentation in seal lice (family Echinophthiriidae) and gorilla louse, Pthirus gorillae (family Pthiridae), in particular the role of minichromosome split and minichromosome merger in the evolution of fragmented mt genomes. We show that 1) at least three ancestral mt minichromosomes of sucking lice have split in the lineage leading to seal lice, 2) one minichromosome ancestral to primate lice has split in the lineage to the gorilla louse, and 3) two ancestral minichromosomes of seal lice have merged in the lineage to the northern fur seal louse. Minichromosome split occurred 15-16 times in total in the lineages leading to species in six families of sucking lice investigated. In contrast, minichromosome merger occurred only four times in the lineages leading to species in three families of sucking lice. Further, three ancestral mt minichromosomes of sucking lice have split multiple times independently in different lineages of sucking lice. Our analyses of mt karyotypes and gene sequences also indicate the possibility of a host switch of crabeater seal louse to Weddell seals.

Conclusions We conclude that: 1) minichromosome split contributes more than minichromosome merger in mt genome fragmentation of sucking lice, and 2) mt karyotype comparison helps understand the phylogenetic relationships between sucking louse species.

10aGorilla louse10ahost switch10aMitochondrial minichromosomes10aSeal lice10aSplit and merge1 aDong, Yalun1 aZhao, Min1 aShao, Renfu uhttps://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-022-08530-802069nas a2200253 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128260001200197300001200209490000600221520126100227653001601488653002301504100002601527700003001553700002401583700002401607700002701631700002001658700002501678700002601703700002401729856006201753 2009 eng d00aA survey of ectoparasitic arthropods on domestic animals in Tak Province, Thailand0 asurvey of ectoparasitic arthropods on domestic animals in Tak Pr c05-2009 a435-4420 v43 a

In July 2008 a survey of ectoparasites on domestic animals was conducted in the Royal Thai Army areas of operation along the Thai-Myanmar Border, Tak Province, Thailand. Eleven different ectoparasites were collected: two species of hard ticks (Ixodidae), three species of fleas (Siphonaptera) and 6 species of sucking or chewing lice (2 species each in the suborders Anoplura, Ischnocera and Amblycera) were collected. Domestic dogs (Canis lupusfamiliaris) (n = 94) were found infested with 2 species of flea Ctenocephalides felis orientis (86.2%) and Echidnophaga gallinacea (1.1%), one species of tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (21.3%), and one louse species, Heterodoxus spiniger (7.4%). Domestic cats (Felis catus) (n = 6) were found infested with only flea species, Ctenocephalides felis felis (100%) and E. gallinacea (33.3%). Cattle (Bos indicus) (n = 11) had Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (72.7%), Linognathus vituli (27.3%), and Solenopotes capillatus (9.1%) present, while chickens (Gallus domesticus) (n = 10) had infestations with E. gallinacea (20%), and 3 lice species, Lipeurus caponis (10%), Goniodes dissimilis (10%) and Menopon gallinae (60%). This is believed to be the first report of S. capillatus collected in Thailand.

10aBos indicus10aBos taurus indicus1 aChangbunjong, Tanasak1 aBuddhirongawatr, Ruangrat1 aSuwanapakdee, Sarin1 aSiengsanan, Jarunee1 aYongyuttawichai, Plern1 aChewajon, Kacha1 aJangjaras, Juthathip1 aSangloung, Charoonluk1 aRatanakorn, Parntep uhttps://www.tm.mahidol.ac.th/seameo/2009-40-3/02-4475.pdf04218nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001300041245010400054210006900158300001200227490000700239520358900246653001203835653001703847653001403864653000903878653001303887100002803900700002703928856005703955 2020 eng d a394-513000aEctoparasites of domesticated animals in a rural Barangay, Davao City, Mindanao Island, Philippines0 aEctoparasites of domesticated animals in a rural Barangay Davao  a118-1300 v253 a

As the re-emergence of maladies in humans caused by bacterial species continues, the need to identify and determine possible routes of infection of bacterial pathogens is necessary. Special focus on the contribution of ectoparasites that infest domesticated animals appears timely especially in suburban or rural settings where domesticated animals form part of their communities. It is for this purpose that infested domesticated animals and their associated ectoparasites of a rural community in Davao City, Mindanao, Philippines were accounted. Ectoparasites were sourced from domesticated animals with hair, feather, and fur and were extracted manually from the hosts and identified based on morphological features. Fifty host domesticated animals were inspected, 41 of which were infested with ectoparasites. A total of 433 individuals of ectoparasites were found: 87 (in chicken), 199 (in dogs), 94 (in cat), nine (in dove), and 44 (in goat) representing 10 species. Except for goats, 41% of the domesticated animals were infested with more than one species of ectoparasite. Ten species of ectoparasites were identified with lice species dominating the pool of ectoparasites identified: Lice- 8; flea - 1; tick -1. All host domesticated animals were infested with at least one louse species while ticks were found only in dogs, and the flea species extracted only from dogs and cats. Data suggest the differential distribution of ectoparasites among domesticated animals in this rural barangay. Moreover, ectoparasites may transfer from one domesticated animal to another given the occurrence of several ectoparasite species in more than one inspected domesticated animal.

ABSTRAK

Apabila kemunculan semula penyakit malaria pada manusia yang disebabkan oleh spesies bakteria terus berlaku, keperluan untuk mengenal pasti dan menentukan kemungkinan jangkitan patogen bakteria adalah diperlukan. Tumpuan khusus terhadap peranan ektoparasit yang menjangkiti haiwan domestikasi muncul tepat pada masanya terutama di kawasan sub urban atau luar bandar di mana haiwan domestikasi dijadikan sebahagian daripada komuniti manusia. Untuk tujuan ini, haiwan domestikasi dan ektoparasit yang berkaitan dengan masyarakat luar bandar di Davao City, Mindanao, Filipina telah diambil kira. Ektoparasit diperolehi daripada haiwan domestikasi dari rambut, sayap, dan bulu dan diekstrak secaramanual dari perumah dan dikenal pasti berdasarkan ciri morfologi. Sebanyak 50 haiwan domestikasi diperiksa, 41 daripadanya telah dijangkiti oleh ektoparasit. Sebanyak 433 individu ektoparasit ditemui: 87 (pada ayam), 199 (pada anjing), 94 (pada kucing), sembilan (pada merpati), dan 44 (pada kambing) mewakili 10 spesies. Kecuali untuk kambing, 41% daripada haiwan domestikasi dipenuhi lebih daripada satu spesies ektoparasit. Sepuluh spesies ektoparasit telah dikenalpasti dengan spesies kutu yang menguasai kumpulan ektoparasit yang dikenal pasti: Kutu-8; hama - 1; sengkenit -1. Kesemua haiwan domestikasi di infestasi dengan sekurang-kurangnya satu spesies kutu manakala sengkenit hanya terdapat pada anjing, dan spesies hama diekstrak hanya dari anjing dan kucing. Data menunjukkan wujud perbezaan taburan ektoparasit di kalangan haiwan domestikasi di kawasan barangay. Selain itu, ektoparasit boleh dipindahkan dari satu haiwan domestikasi kepada yang lain memandangkan berlakunya beberapa spesies ektoparasit dalam lebih daripada satu haiwan yang diperiksa.

Kata kunci: Penyakit, mikrobiologi, parasit, haiwan peliharaan, zoonosis

10adisease10amicrobiology10aparasites10apets10azoonosis1 aDelima-Baron, Elsa, May1 aRuales, Cyrell, Ann S. uhttps://ejournals.ukm.my/serangga/article/view/3561202052nas a2200205 4500008004100000245012800041210006900169260001300238300000900251520136000260653001701620653001001637653001201647653001401659653001201673653001701685100001701702700001501719856011201734 2023 eng d00aThe first data on the ectoparasites (ticks, lice and fleas) of the stone marten, Martes foina (Erxleben) in Türkiye0 afirst data on the ectoparasites ticks lice and fleas of the ston cMay 2022 a9 pp3 a

The attrached 95656.pdf file is a preprint and the published version is 95656-published.pdf

Abstract: Türkiye is a natural land bridge connecting Europe and Asia, and has a rich terrestrial mammalian fauna, with more than 150 species within the seven orders. However, there is limited information on ectoparasites of wild animals, especially carnivores, in Türkiye. In the present study, we provide the first data of ectoparasites of Turkish stone marten, Martes foina (Erxleben). A total of 38 ectoparasite specimens were collected from two road-killed stone martens in two different localities in Tokat province. Here, the presence of the genus Stachiella Kéler (Insecta: Phthiraptera) in Türkiye was reported for the first time, based on two specimens (1 male and 1 nymph) of Stachiella retusa (Burmeister). In addition, three flea (Insecta: Siphonaptera), namely Monopsyllus sciurorum sciurorum (Schrank) (1 male), Pulex irritans L. (1 female), Chaetopsylla rothschildi Kohaut (3 males, 8 females) and two tick (Acari: Ixodida) species, namely Haemaphysalis erinacei Pavesi (18 males, 4 females), Ixodes redikorzevi Olenev (1 female) were collected from stone martens. All ectoparasitic species are new host-associations for stone marten, M. foina, in Türkiye.

 

 

10abiodiversity10afauna10amammals10aparasites10avectors10awild animals1 aKeskin, Adem1 aDik, Bilal uhttp://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/arthropods/articles/2023-12(3)/ectoparasites-of-stone-marten.pdf04176nas a2200301 4500008004100000245011200041210007200153260000900225300001200234490000700246520316900253653008203422653001703504653001503521653002703536653001903563653001203582653003303594653001403627653002603641653002503667653002303692653002303715653001403738100002303752700002203775856007703797 2017 eng d00aArtrópodos y helmintos parásitos de mamíferos silvestres (Mammalia) de Venezuela: Carnivoros (Carnivora)0 aArtrópodos y helmintos parásitos de mamíferos silvestres Mammali c2017 a162-1840 v513 a

Paper in Spanish

Resumen: Los artrópodos y helmintos de carnívoros silvestres se han estudiado por más de 60 años en Venezuela; sin embargo, la información sobre los mismos se encuentra dispersa en diversas fuentes. Con el fin de recopilar dicha información, se construye una base de datos que contiene gran parte de los registros de estos para el país; los cuales fueron obtenidos a partir de búsquedas bibliográficas electrónicas y de consultas a colecciones parasitológicas, conformando un listado que contiene 68 especies de parásitos (33 ectoparásitos y 35 endoparásitos) en 19 especies de carnívoros de las 22 especies descritas para Venezuela, representando 86,36% del orden. Las especies de ectoparásitos son ácaros con 16 spp. (23,53%), piojos = 7 spp. (10,29%), pulgas = 10 spp. (14,71%). Entre las especies de endoparásitos están los trematodos = 2 spp. (2,94%), cestodos = 4 spp. (5,88%), nematodos con 24 spp. (35,29%) y acantocéfalos = 5 spp. (7,35%) en 19 especies de carnívoros de las 22 descritas para Venezuela, lo cual representa 86,36% del orden. Esta es la primera recopilación de artrópodos, y helmintos parásitos de carnívoros en Venezuela. No se incluyen los protozoos. Con el fin de determinar el grado de similitud entre especies de carnívoros se elaboran dendrogramas en base al Índice de similitud de Jaccard.

Palabras clave: Biodiversidad, Carnívoros, Mamíferos, Parásitos, Venezuela, Arthropods and helminthes parasites of wild mammals (Mammalia) from Venezuela, Carnivores (Carnivora), Biodiversity, Carnivores, Mammals, Parasites, Venezuela.

English translated title: Arthropods and helminthes parasites of wild mammals (Mammalia) from Venezuela: Carnivores (Carnivora)

Abstract: Arthropods and helminths of wild carnivores have been studied for more than 60 years in Venezuela; however, information on them is dispersed in various sources. In order to collect such information, we construct a database containing a large part of the records for the country; these were obtained from electronic bibliographic searches and from queries to parasitological collections, forming a list containing a total of 68 species of parasites (33 ectoparasites and 35 endoparasites) in 19 species of carnivores of the 22-species described for Venezuela, representing 86.36% of the order. The species of ectoparasites aremites with 16 spp. (23.53%), lice = 7 spp. (10.29%) and fleas = 10 spp. (14.71%). Among the endoparasitic parasites are trematodes = 2 spp. (2.94%), cestodes = 4 spp. (5.88%), nematodes with 24 spp. (35.29%) and acantocephalans = 5 spp. (7.35%) This is the first compilation of arthropods, and parasitic helminths of carnivores in Venezuela. Protozoa are not included. In order to determine the degree of similarity between carnivore species, dendrograms are elaborated based on the Jaccard similarity index.

10aArthropods and helminthes parasites of wild mammals (Mammalia) from Venezuela10abiodiversity10aCarnivores10aCarnivores (Carnivora)10aFelicola felis10amammals10aNeotrichodectes semistriatus10aparasites10aTrichodectes barbarae10aTrichodectes ferrisi10aTrichodectes potos10aTrichodectes potus10aVenezuela1 aCañizales, Israel1 aGuerrero, Ricardo uhttps://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/boletin/article/view/3227001977nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001100041245021200052210006900264260007600333300001000409490000700419520127800426653004001704100002401744856005101768 2020 eng d a0315-200aLice (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae), fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae, Ceratophyllidae) and ticks (Ixodida: Ixodidae) infesting American badger, Taxidea taxus (Mammalia: Mustelidae), in Manitoba, Canada0 aLice Phthiraptera Trichodectidae fleas Siphonaptera Pulicidae Ce aWinnipeg, Manitoba, CanadabEntomological Society of ManitobacNov-2021 a27-360 v763 a

One juvenile and nine adult American badgers, Taxidea taxus (Schreber), from Manitoba were examined for ectoparasites by whole body washing or visual inspection. Five of seven adults washed from the Shoal Lake area were infested with one species of chewing louse,
Neotrichodectes interruptofasciatus (Kellogg and Ferris) (mean intensity – 539); females were significantly more abundant than males. The ratio of nymphs to females was 2.5. The washed juvenile badger was infested with 6384 specimens of N. interruptofasciatus, but males (n=286) and females (n=287) were almost equal in number, and the ratio of nymphs to females was 20.3. Adult badgers were infested with five species of fleas: Pulex irritans Linnaeus, Oropsylla rupestris (Jordan), O. bruneri (Baker), O. tuberculata (Baker), and O. arctomys (Baker). All seven adult badgers from the Shoal Lake area were infested with adult American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say). Mean intensity was 63.4, with a total of 258 males and 186 females.

Front cover of the proceedings with the Female chewing louse (Neotrichodectes interruptofasciatus) from an American badger [Photo
credit: Terry Galloway & Jillian Detwiler] is also attached. See file 95534 front_cover.pdf

10aNeotrichodectes interruptofasciatus1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/node/9553403439nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245010300055210006900158260000900227300001400236490000700250520283000257653000903087653001803096653001103114100002203125700002103147856007703168 2011 eng d a1909-054400aDistribution of ectoparasites of Canis lupus familiaris L. (Carnivora: Canidae) from Panama0 aDistribution of ectoparasites of iCanis lupus familiarisi L Carn c2011 a2274-22820 v163 a

Objective. To determine the distribution of ectoparasites in dogs in Panama. Materials and methods. There were surveyed 720 canines belonging to 57 communities. Results. The results showed that 84% of the dogs were infested with at least one species of ectoparasite. Dogs from lowlands showed a higher percentage of parasitism and a greater biodiversity of parasites than dogs from highlands. There were found seven species of ticks, four species of fleas, two species of lice, and one specie of botfly. The ticks Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Amblyomma cajennense, A. ovale and the flea Ctenocephalides felis were widespread; however Ixodes boliviensis and Pulex simulans showed a much narrower geographic distribution and they were found only in dogs from highlands. The flea species Rhopalopsyllus cacicus and the tick Haemaphysalis juxtakochi were found for the first time in panamanian dogs. Conclusions. The environmental situation in Panama, can encourage that wildlife ectoparasites parasitized dogs in absence of their native hosts. This condition may increase transmission risk of some diseases where the ticks and fleas are vectors.

Spanish title: Distribución de los ectoparásitos de Canis lupus familiaris L. (Carnivora: Canidae) de Panamá

Resumen: Objetivo. Determinar la distribución de ectoparásitos de perros en Panamá. Materiales y métodos. Se examinaron 720 individuos en 57 comunidades. Resultados. Los resultados demostraron que el 84% de los perros presentaron al menos una especie de ectoparásito. Los perros de tierras bajas mostraron un mayor porcentaje de parasitismo y mayor biodiversidad de parásitos que los animales de tierras altas. Se encontraron siete especies de garrapatas, cuatro de pulgas, dos de piojos y una de mosca. Las garrapatas Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Amblyomma cajennense, A. ovale y la pulga Ctenocephalides felis mantuvieron una distribución más amplia; mientras que Ixodes boliviensis y Pulex simulans sólo se reportaron en tierras altas. La pulga Rhopalopsyllus cacicus y la garrapata Haemaphysalis juxtakochi se reportaron por primera vez en perros de Panamá. Conclusiones. La situación medioambiental en Panamá puede propiciar que la fauna de ectoparásitos parasiten perros ante la ausencia de hospederos nativos, esta condición puede aumentar el riesgo de transmisión de algunas enfermedades en las que las garrapatas y pulgas son vectores.

Palabras clave: Perros, ectoparásitos, Panamá. (Fuente: DeCS, ICYT, AIMS)

10adogs10aectoparasites10aPanama1 aBermúdez, Sergio1 aMiranda, Roberto uhttps://revistas.unicordoba.edu.co/index.php/revistamvz/article/view/28501908nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245007600055210006900131260001300200300001200213490000800225520121300233653001801446653001001464653001201474653001301486653001001499653001001509100002201519700002501541700001901566700001801585856005101603 2006 eng d a0304-401700aEctoparasites of free-ranging pumas and jaguars in the Paraguayan Chaco0 aEctoparasites of freeranging pumas and jaguars in the Paraguayan cApr-2006 a189-1930 v1373 a

Ectoparasites were collected from seven puma (Puma concolor) and seven jaguar (Panthera onca) live-captures (each representing six different animals) in the Paraguayan Chaco from 2002 to 2004. The same five species of ectoparasites were recovered from both host species: the flea, Pulex simulans (total on both hosts combined=30 male, 49 female), and the ticks, Amblyomma cajennense (1 male, 4 female, 46 nymphs, 241 larvae), Amblyomma parvum (42 male, 25 female), Amblyomma tigrinum (1 male, 7 female, 34 larvae) and Amblyomma triste (4 male). There were no statistical differences between the prevalences (percent of hosts infested) for any of these ectoparasite species between the two host species, and only P. simulans showed a significantly higher mean intensity (mean no. of each ectoparasite species per infested host) on one of the host species (jaguar). Clearly, these two large carnivores share similar ectoparasite faunas in the Paraguayan Chaco. However, both carnivores occupy large geographical distributions in the New World and this study, combined with the few previous studies, suggests that their ectoparasite faunas differ slightly in different parts of their respective ranges.

10aectoparasites10afleas10aJaguars10aParaguay10aPumas10aticks1 aDurden, Lance, A.1 aCunningham, Mark, W.1 aMcBride, Rocky1 aFerree, Bambi uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01.00103158nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245014600055210006900201260001200270300001200282490000700294520235900301653001702660653001102677100001802688700002502706700003202731700002002763700002002783856013702803 2021 eng d a2146-307700aFirst Recorded Felicola (Suricatoecus) vulpis (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) Infestation in a Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Turkey0 aFirst Recorded iFelicola Suricatoecus vulpisi Phthiraptera Trich c07-2021 a157-1590 v453 a

Ectoparasite  infestation  was  detected  in  a  macroscopic  examination  of  a  red  fox  (Vulpes  vulpes)  that  was  brought  dead  to  the  Department  of  Parasitology,  Faculty  of  Veterinary  Medicine  Ondokuz  Mayıs  University  Collected  tick,  lice  and  flea  samples  were  preserved  in  70%  alcohol.  It  was  determined  in  microscopic  examination  that  tick  samples  were  Haemaphysalis  erinacei(Acari: Ixodidae), flea samples were Chaetopsylla globiceps (Siphonaptera; Vermipsyllidae) and chewing lice samples were Felicola (Suricatoecus)  vulpis  (Phthiraptera:  Trichodectidae).  This  study  first  reported  the  existence  of  Felicola  (Suricatoecus)  vulpis  from  foxes in Turkey.

Paper in Turkish

Title: Türkiye’de Bir Kızıl Tilkide (Vulpes vulpes) Felicola (Suricatoecus) vulpis (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae)Enfestasyonunun İlk Bildirimi

ÖZ

Trafik kazası sonucu ölmüş olarak Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı’na, getirilen bir kızıl tilkinin (Vulpes vulpes) makroskobik muayenesinde ektoparazit enfestasyonu tespit edilmiştir. Toplanan kene, bit ve pire örnekleri %70’lik  alkolde  muhafaza  edilmiştir.  Mikroskobik  incelemede  kene  örneklerinin  Haemaphysalis  erinacei  (Acari:  Ixodidae),  pire  örneklerinin Chaetopsylla globiceps (Siphonaptera; Vermipsyllidae), bit örneklerinin ise Felicola (Suricatoecus) vulpis (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae)  olduğu  tespit  edilmiştir.  Yapılan  bu  çalışma  ile  Türkiye’de  tilkilerde  ilk  defa  Felicola  (Suricatoecus)  vulpis  tespit edilmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler:Felicola (Suricatoecus) vulpis, Vulpes vulpes, Phthiraptera, Türkiye

10aFirst Record10aTurkey1 aEren, Gökhan1 aGürler, Ali, Tümay1 aGençay_Topçu, Elif, Burcu1 aTuygun, Tuğçe1 aAçici, Mustafa uhttp://www.turkiyeparazitolderg.org/archives/archive-detail/article-preview/first-recorded-felicola-isuricatoecus-vulpis-phthi/4762202948nas a2200241 4500008004100000245011800041210006900159260001200228300001000240490000700250520214300257653003102400653001402431100002002445700001702465700003802482700002302520700002002543700002102563700001802584700001802602856008602620 2021 eng d00aThe seal louse (Echinophthirius horridus) in the Dutch Wadden Sea: investigation of vector-borne pathogens0 aseal louse iEchinophthirius horridusi in the Dutch Wadden Sea in c02-2021 a10 pp0 v143 a

Background:  Belonging to the anopluran family Echinophthiriidae, Echinophthirius horridus, the seal louse, has been reported to parasitise a broad range of representatives of phocid seals. So far, only a few studies have focused on the vector function of echinophthiriid lice, and knowledge about their role in pathogen transmission is still scarce. The current study aims to investigate the possible vector role of E. horridus parasitising seals in the Dutch Wadden Sea.

Methods: E. horridus seal lice were collected from 54 harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and one grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) during their rehabilitation period at the Sealcentre Pieterburen, The Netherlands. DNA was extracted from pooled seal lice of individual seals for molecular detection of the seal heartworm Acanthocheilonema spirocauda, the rickettsial intracellular bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and the cell wall-less bacteria Mycoplasma spp. using PCR assays.

Results: Seal lice from 35% of the harbour seals (19/54) and from the grey seal proved positive for A. spirocauda. The seal heartworm was molecularly characterised and phylogenetically analysed (rDNA, cox1). A nested PCR was developed for the cox1 gene to detect A. spirocauda stages in seal lice. A. phagocytophilum and a Mycoplasma species previously identified from a patient with disseminated ‘seal finger’ mycoplasmosis were detected for the first time, to our knowledge, in seal lice.

Conclusions: Our findings support the potential vector role of seal lice in the transmission of A. spirocauda and reveal new insights into the spectrum of pathogens occurring in seal lice. Studies on vector competence of E. horridus, especially for bacterial pathogens, are essentially needed in the future as these pathogens might have detrimental effects on the health of seal populations. Furthermore, studies on the vector role of different echinophthiriid species infecting a wide range of pinniped hosts should be conducted to extend the knowledge of vector-borne pathogens.

10aMarine mammal parasitology10aPinnipeds1 aHirzmann, Jörg1 aEbmer, David1 aSánchez-Contreras, Guillermo, J.1 aRubio-García, Ana1 aMagdowski, Gerd1 aGärtner, Ulrich1 aTaubert, Anja1 aHermosilla, C uhttps://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-021-04586-902431nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001300041245007400054210006900128260001200197300001200209490000800221520159600229653001801825653002401843653001101867653001401878653001501892653001501907653001901922100001901941700001801960700003401978700002302012700001802035700002102053856006702074 2019 eng d a0001706X00aEctoparasites of endemic and domestic animals in southwest Madagascar0 aEctoparasites of endemic and domestic animals in southwest Madag c08-2019 a83 - 920 v1963 a

Human encroachment of natural habitats bears the threat of disease transmission between native and introduced species that had not come into contact before, thus promoting the spread of new diseases in both directions. This is a matter of concern especially in areas where human-wildlife contact has not been intense in the recent past. In southwest Madagascar, we collected ectoparasites from various mammalian hosts and chicken, and examined their host preferences and their prevalence in relation to season and habitat degradation. Field-work took place in the northern portion of Tsimanampetsotsa National Park and the adjacent coastal strip (littoral) in the dry and in the rainy season of 2016/2017. Endemic mammals were trapped with live traps placed in habitats of different degrees of degradation: 1) relatively pristine forest, 2) degraded forest, 3) cultivated and shrub land. Rats and mice were also trapped in 4) villages. We identified 17 species of ectoparasites (296 individuals of ticks [5 species], 535 lice [7 spp.], 389 fleas [4 spp.] and 13 mites [1 sp.]) collected from 15 host species. There was no indication for seasonal or habitat effects on parasite infection. A large portion of the parasites was host-specific. Some ectoparasite species were shared either by several endemic or by several introduced species, but apart from the introduced flea species Echidnophaga gallinacea (collected from six different hosts including the endemic carnivore Galidictis grandidieri) no other ectoparasite species was shared between endemic and introduced host species.

10aectoparasites10aHabitat disturbance10aLemurs10aLivestock10aMadagascar10aMicrocebus10aSmall mammals.1 aEhlers, Julian1 aPoppert, Sven1 aRatovonamana, Rakotomalala, Y1 aGanzhorn, Jörg, U1 aTappe, Dennis1 aKrüger, Andreas uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0001706X1930173103646nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210006900168260001200237300001400249490000700263520283700270653002103107653001803128653001703146653001003163653002603173653001603199100003403215700002903249700003003278700002003308856006403328 2011 eng d a1252-607X00aPrevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods on wild animals and cattle in the Las Merindades area (Burgos, Spain)0 aPrevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods on wild animals and cattl c08-2011 a251 - 2600 v183 a

This paper reports the prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods in sampled groups of wild (n = 128; 16 species) and domestic (n = 69; 3 species) animals in the Las Merindades area of the Province of Burgos, Spain. The study revealed that wild animals were more infested and with a wider variety of ectoparasites than domestic animals. The parasitic prevalence was 67% for wild animals and 48% for livestock. In this way, 39% of animals were infected by ticks. Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes hexagonus were the most prevalent species whereas Dermacentor reticulatus showed affinity for the fox and wolf. The overall prevalence of parasitisation by fleas was 27%. Ctenophthalmus spp. showed the wider range host in wild animals, while Pulex irritans was the most frequent specie found. The parasitic prevalences by lice (Trichodectes melis, Trichodectes canis and Trichodectes mustelae) and by mite (Neotrombicula spp., Laelaps agilis and Sarcoptes scabiei) were 4% and 12%, respectively. In both cases only wild animals were found parasited.

Résumé

Cet article présente la prévalence des arthropodes ectoparasites dans des échantillons d’animaux sauvages (n = 128 ; 16 espèces) et domestiques (n = 69 ; 3 espèces) dans la région de Las Merindades de la province de Burgos, en Espagne. L’étude a révélé que les mammifères sauvages ont été plus infestés et ont été touchés par une plus grande variété d’ectoparasites que les animaux domestiques. La prévalence parasitaire a été de 67 % pour les animaux sauvages et 48 % pour le bétail. Ainsi, 39 % de tous les animaux ont été infectés par les tiques. Ixodes ricinus et Ixodes hexagonus ont été les espèces les plus répandues, alors que Dermacentor reticulatus a montré une affinité pour le renard et le loup. La prévalence globale du parasitisme par les puces a été de 27 %. Ctenophtalmus spp a montré la plus large gamme d’hôtes chez les animaux sauvages, tandis que Pulex irritans a été l’espèce la plus fréquemment trouvée. Les prévalences parasitaires par les poux (Trichodectes melis, Trichodectes canis et Trichodectes mustelae) et par les acariens (Neotrombicula spp., Laelaps agilis et Sarcoptes scabiei) ont été de 4 % et 12 %, respectivement. Dans les deux cas, seuls les animaux sauvages ont été trouvés parasités.

Mots clés : ectoparasites / animaux sauvages / animaux domestiques / épidémiologie / Espagne

10adomestic animals10aectoparasites10aepidemiology10aSpain10aTrichodectes mustelae10awild animal1 aDomínguez-Peñafiel, Gerardo1 aGiménez-Pardo, Consuelo1 aGegúndez, María, Isabel1 aLledó, Lourdes uhttp://www.parasite-journal.org/10.1051/parasite/201118325101821nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001300041245011400054210006900168260001600237300001400253490000700267520123300274100003401507700002301541700002001564856006701584 2020 eng d a2213224400aArthropod parasites of Antarctic and Subantarctic birds and pinnipeds: A review of host-parasite associations0 aArthropod parasites of Antarctic and Subantarctic birds and pinn cJan-08-2020 a275 - 2900 v123 a

Due to its cold and dry climate and scarcity of ice-free land, Antarctica has one of the most extreme environments on our planet. To survive in the Antarctic region, parasitic arthropods must either remain closely associated with their hosts throughout the entire life cycle or develop physiological adaptations to survive in the terrestrial habitat while their hosts are away foraging at sea or overwintering at lower latitudes. Forty-eight species of birds and seven species of pinnipeds breed in the Antarctic region, with 158 species/subspecies of parasitic arthropods recorded thus far, comprising: sucking lice (Echinophthiriidae), chewing lice (Menoponidae, Philopteridae), fleas (Ceratophyllidae, Pygiopsyllidae, Rhopalopsyllidae), pentastomes (Reighardiidae), hard ticks (Ixodidae), nest-associated haematophagous mites (Laelapidae), nasal mites (Halarachnidae, Rhinonyssidae) and feather
mites (Alloptidae, Avenzoariidae, Xolalgidae, Freyanidae). In this review, we provide an updated compilation of the available information on the host-parasite associations of arthropods infesting birds and pinnipeds in the Antarctic region, and discuss some over-arching ecological patterns and gaps of knowledge.

1 aVanstreels, Ralph, Eric Thijl1 aPalma, Ricardo, L.1 aMironov, Sergey uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S221322442030030400533nas a2200109 4500008004100000245003000041210003000071260002500101520021400126100002600340856005700366 2020 eng d00aEl poder de lo minúsculo0 aEl poder de lo minúsculo aArgentinac19-8-20203 a

The original rresearch paper can be found in Leonardi et al Under pressure: the extraordinary survival of seal lice in the depth of the sea

http://phthiraptera.info/node/95103

1 aCannizzaro, Alejandro uhttps://www.conicet.gov.ar/el-poder-de-lo-minusculo/00338nas a2200097 4500008004100000245003300041210003300074260002000107100002100127856009200148 2020 eng d00aDes poux sous haute pression0 aDes poux sous haute pression aParisc1-9-20201 aMashaal, Maurice uhttps://www.pourlascience.fr/sd/biologie-animale/des-poux-sous-haute-pression-19974.php03508nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245008400055210006900139260001200208300001500220520277800235653002303013653002503036653001903061100003003080700002203110700002003132700002203152700001903174700002503193856006003218 2020 eng d a0022-094900aUnder pressure: the extraordinary survival of seal lice in the depth of the sea0 aUnder pressure the extraordinary survival of seal lice in the de c07-2020 ajeb.2268113 a

Lice from pinnipeds – sea lions, seals and walruses – are the only insects capable of surviving marine dives. Throughout their evolutionary history, they have adapted to tolerate hypoxia, high salinity, low temperature and, in particular, to tolerate conditions of high hydrostatic pressure. To understand the limits of the capacity of lice to survive during host deep dives, we conducted a series of controlled experiments in the laboratory. We collected lice from elephant seals and submitted the different life stages to high pressure conditions. Lice were first exposed to one of four hydrostatic pressures: 30, 80, 150 or 200 kg cm−2. They were then exposed a second time to higher or lower hydrostatic pressure conditions to test for the impact of the first experience, which could either be deleterious or trigger physiological adaption, allowing them a better tolerance to high pressure. We found that lice from elephant seals can tolerate hydrostatic pressures higher than 200 kg cm−2 (close to 200 atm), which is equivalent to 2000 m depth. Adults exhibited lower recovery times than nymphs after immersion at high hydrostatic pressure. Our findings show that lice have developed unique adaptations to endure extreme marine conditions. We discuss these extreme performances in relation to the morphological characteristics and physiological responses to diving in these insects.

In addition, you can view the media coverage of the research publicaiion in the following media news

El poder de lo minúsculo by CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas) 19-8-2020 edition - https://www.conicet.gov.ar/el-poder-de-lo-minusculo/ and http://phthiraptera.info/node/95123

An exception to the rule that there are no marine insects by The Economist, Science & Technology 6-8-2020 edition - https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2020/08/06/an-exception-to-the-rule-that-there-are-no-marine-insects

Des poux sous haute pression by Pour la Science 1-9-2020 edition  - https://www.pourlascience.fr/sd/biologie-animale/des-poux-sous-haute-pression-19974.php and http://phthiraptera.info/node/95122

You Can’t Escape Lice, Even 6,500 Feet Below the Ocean by New Tork Times 26-8-2020 edition - https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/26/science/lice-elephant-seals.html and http://phthiraptera.info/node/95102

Intrepid lice survive extreme pressure when hitching rides on elephant seals, INSIDE JEB- https://jeb.biologists.org/content/223/17/jeb234260 and http://phthiraptera.info/node/95124

 

 

10aDiving adaptations10aExtreme environments10aMarine insects1 aLeonardi, María, Soledad1 aCrespo, José, E.1 aSoto, Florencia1 aVera, Ricardo, B.1 aRua, Julio, C.1 aLazzari, Claudio, R. uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/jeb.22681100677nas a2200133 4500008004100000245006100041210005700102260003200159520023100191653001900422653000900441100002100450856007200471 2020 eng d00aYou Can’t Escape Lice, Even 6,500 Feet Below the Ocean0 aYou Can t Escape Lice Even 6500 Feet Below the Ocean aNew York Cityc26- O8 -20203 a

The original research paper by Leonardi et al can be found in Under pressure: the extraordinary survival of seal lice in the depth of the sea

http://phthiraptera.info/node/95103

 

10aElephant seals10alice1 aRunwal, Priyanka uhttps://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/26/science/lice-elephant-seals.html01057nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001500041245007600056210006900132300001200201490000700213520058900220100001900809856009500828 1980 eng d a 0084-050500aHelminth and arthropod parasites of some domestic animals in Wisconsin.0 aHelminth and arthropod parasites of some domestic animals in Wis a106-1100 v683 a

Nineteen species of intestinal helminths and 15 species of arthropod ectoparasites (fleas, ticks, botflies, chewing lice and mites) are reported from dogs, cats, fowls, turkeys, pigs and horses in south-eastern Wisconsin. Most are first records for the state. Data on the frequency and intensity of infestation are discussed in relation to results from similar surveys elsewhere PhthiFrom 74 dogs, 23 cats, 26 chickens, 41 turkeys, 5 pigs and 14 horses examined 5 species of cestodes and 13 of nematodes were recovered. The prevalence and intensity of infection are tabulated

1 aAmin, Omar, M. uhttp://images.library.wisc.edu/WI/EFacs/transactions/WT1980/reference/wi.wt1980.omamin.pdf02356nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245008300055210006900138260001300207520166900220653001501889653002001904653000801924653001901932653001501951653001701966100002001983700001702003700002002020700003002040856005602070 2020 eng d a0932-011300aSo happy together: juvenile crabeater seal behavior improves lice transmission0 aSo happy together juvenile crabeater seal behavior improves lice cMay 20203 a

Lice from family Echinophthiriidae are of the few insects that have successfully colonized marine environment living as ectoparasites of pinnipeds, i.e., sea lions, seals, and the walrus. They have developed unique adaptations to cope with the amphibious lifestyle of their hosts. Because eggs do not survive underwater, lice could only reproduce when their host remains on pack ice enough time. Consequently, lice generations per year are limited by host haul-out behavior. The objective of this work is to study the effect of host sex and age class, and the annual variation on the prevalence and mean abundance of Antarctophthirus lobodontis in crabeater seals from the Antarctic Peninsula. During three consecutive field-seasons, we collected lice from 41 crabeater seals (23 females, 16males, 2 indeterminate, being 24 adults, and 17 juveniles). We investigated this effect on the prevalence and mean abundance by a generalized linear model formulation in a Bayesian framework. According to the lowest Deviance Index Criterion model, sex host does not affect prevalence normean abundance.We found that juveniles present greater abundance and prevalence than adults, possibly due to foraging habits. They spent more time on the ice than adults in groups of dozens of animals. This behavior would favor both egg development and lice transmission. We do not find adult females with lice, which suggests that transmission of A. lobodontis should be horizontal. The high mean abundance of lice in 2014 could be associated with an unusual increase in Lobodon carcinophaga population, probably related to the pack-ice availability and zooplankton abundance.

10aantarctica10aCrabeater seals10aGLM10aMean abundance10aPrevalence10asucking lice1 aSoto, Florencia1 aKlaich, M.J.1 aNegrete, Javier1 aLeonardi, María, Soledad uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00436-020-06704-501739nas a2200361 4500008004100000245014400041210006900185300001200254490000900266520066400275653001300939653002100952653002200973653002000995653001401015653001901029653001901048653001501067653001501082653001401097653001301111653001701124653001501141653002401156653001601180653001401196653001701210653001501227653001301242100003001255700002301285856006901308 2013 eng d00aReview of the systematics, biology and ecology of lice from pinnipeds and river otters (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae)0 aReview of the systematics biology and ecology of lice from pinni a445-4660 v36303 a

We present a literature review of the sucking louse family Echinophthiriidae, its five genera and twelve species parasitic on pinnipeds (fur seals, sea lions, walruses, true seals) and the North American river otter. We give detailed synonymies and published records for all taxonomic hierarchies, as well as hosts, type localities and repositories of type material; we highlight significant references and include comments on the current taxonomic status of the species. We provide a summary of present knowledge of the biology and ecology for eight species. Also, we give a host-louse list, and a bibliography to the family as complete as possible.

10aAnoplura10aAntarctophthirus10aEchinophthiriidae10aEchinophthirius10afur seals10aLatagophthirus10aLepidophthirus10aMustelidae10aOdobenidae10aOtariidae10aPhocidae10aPhthiraptera10aPinnipedia10aProechi- nophthirus10ariver otter10asea lions10asucking lice10atrue seals10awalruses1 aLeonardi, María, Soledad1 aPalma, Ricardo, L. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/61680.pdf