02471nas a2200349 4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210006900156260001600225300000900241490000700250520140800257653002701665653002101692653002401713653002701737653001001764653002601774653001701800653002201817653002401839653003101863653000901894653001201903653003301915653002301948653001001971653002401981653002102005100002302026856007202049 2024 eng d a2213-224400aHow many threatened lice are there? An approximation to the red list of the Spanish Phthiraptera0 aHow many threatened lice are there An approximation to the red l cApr-01-2024 a5 pp0 v233 a

Highlights

Abstract

Although the idea of conserving parasites as part of biodiversity is not new, these in general and lice in particular, are not included in the threatened list of invertebrate fauna. Assuming that the conservation status of a lice species is similar to that of its host, the number of threatened lice within the Spanish entomofauna was estimated based on the known host-lice assemblages. The lice parasitizing many of the Spanish birds and mammals are unknown. Overall, I found 6 extinct (EX) species; 4 critically endangered (CR); 15 endangered (EN), 7 vulnerable (VU) and 1 species near threatened (NT), at regional level. Since the status of hosts varies through time and space, it, (together with those of their lice, must be periodically updated. In addition to a number of reasons that justify the conservation of parasites, lice deserve being conserved, particularly, because of their scientific value.

 

10aAegypoecus perspicuous10aAquila adalberti10aAquiligogus barbate10aAquiligogus imperialis10abirds10aColoceras brittanicum10aconservation10aGyps hymalayensis10aHalipeurus abnormis10aHohortsiella streptopeliae10alice10amammals10aNeocolpocephalum percnopteri10aNisaetus cirrhatus10aSpain10aStreptopelia turtur10aTurnix sylvatica1 aPérez, Jesús, M. uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221322442300104903813nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245010700055210006900162260001600231300001000247490000700257520288600264653001703150653001803167653001703185653002203202653000903224653002203233653001003255100003403265700003103299700002303330700002403353700002803377700003203405856008603437 2023 eng d a1756-330500aCo-infection patterns in the ectoparasitic community affecting the Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica0 aCoinfection patterns in the ectoparasitic community affecting th cMay-30-2023 a12 pp0 v163 a

Background Sarcoptic mange is one of the main parasitic diseases affecting the Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica. Scabietic animals suffer a decline in body condition and reproductive fitness and in severe cases may die. Although several previous studies of the pathology of this disease and the physiological changes it produces in ibex have been carried out in recent years, our knowledge of the relationship between Sarcoptes scabiei and other ectoparasites of this host is still limited.

Methods We analysed 430 Iberian ibex skin samples. Ectoparasites were removed, counted and identified. Mite (S. scabiei) numbers were obtained after digesting the skin samples in a 5% KOH solution. We modelled mite numbers in terms of host sex and age, site, year, season and the presence of other ectoparasites such as ticks and lice using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) and ectoparasite co-occurrence patterns using two different models: the probabilistic model species co-occurrence and the generalized linear latent variable model (GLLVM).

Results The ectoparasite community was mainly composed of S. scabiei, six ticks (Haemaphysalis sulcata, Haemaphysalis punctata, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Dermacentor marginatus and Ixodes ricinus) and two lice (Bovicola crassipes and Linognathus stenopsis). Adult male ibex harboured more mites than females. Mite numbers varied greatly spatially and seasonally and increased with the presence of other parasites. Some positive co-occurrence relationships between pairs of different ectoparasites were observed, particularly between ticks. The presence of S. scabiei negatively affected lice and H. sulcata numbers.

Conclusions Sarcoptic mange has spread above all in ibex populations in and around the Mediterranean Basin, where it is now found in almost a third of its host’s range. Mite numbers varied seasonally and spatially and were higher in male hosts. The presence of S. scabiei had a negative effect on lice numbers but favoured the presence of ticks. Graphical Abstract

10aco-infection10aectoparasites10aepidemiology10aIberian Peninsula10alice10aSarcoptes scabiei10aticks1 aFernández-Muñoz, María, J.1 aCastillo-Contreras, Raquel1 aPérez, Jesús, M.1 aGranados, José, E.1 aMárquez, Francisco, J.1 aLópez-Montoya, Antonio, J. uhttps://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-023-05797-y02674nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245022200055210006900277260001600346490000700362520184800369653001202217653001302229653001202242100002302254700002002277700002202297700001402319700002502333700003102358856005502389 2023 eng d a2045-232200aDetailed morphological structure and phylogenetic relationships of Degeeriella punctifer (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), a parasite of the bearded vulture Gypaetus barbatus (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae)0 aDetailed morphological structure and phylogenetic relationships  cJan-10-20230 v133 a

Habitat loss is one of the main threats to species survival and, in the case of parasites, it is their hosts that provide their habitat. Therefore, extinction even at local scale of host taxa also implies the extinction of their parasites in a process known as co-extinction. This is the case of the bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus), which almost became extinct at the beginning of the twentieth century. After several attempts, this species was successfully reintroduced into the Alps at the end of the twentieth century. We collected 25 lice specimens from an electrocuted bearded vulture from Susa (Italian Alps) that were morphologically identified as Degeeriella punctifer. Six individuals were studied by scanning electron microscopy, with particular emphasis on their cephalic sensorial structures, while four further specimens were characterized at molecular level by amplifying partial regions of the 12SrRNA, COX1 and elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1) genes. From a morphological perspective, the number, type and arrangement of the sensillae on the two distal antennal segments is quite similar to that of other species of the family Philopteridae (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera). The mandibles and tarsal claws allow lice to cling firmly to their host’s feathers. Phylogenetic analyses help unravel the paraphyletic nature of the genus Degeeriella and demonstrate the clear differentiation between lice parasitizing Accipitriformes and Falconiformes, as well as the close relationship between D. punctifer, D. fulva, D. nisus and Capraiella sp. that, along with other genera, parasitize rollers (Aves: Coraciiformes).

10aecology10agenetics10aZoology1 aPérez, Jesús, M.1 aSáez, Ángeles1 aLiébanas, Gracia1 aRossi, L.1 aFernández, Mercedes1 aFraija-Fernández, Natalia uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-27774-203429nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157260001600226300000900242490000700251520253100258653001702789653001702806653001002823653000902833653001002842653001802852100002002870700003202890700001802922700002402940700001902964700002102983700002103004700002203025700002303047856004503070 2022 eng d a2079-773700aDrivers of the Ectoparasite Community and Co-Infection Patterns in Rural and Urban Burrowing Owls0 aDrivers of the Ectoparasite Community and CoInfection Patterns i cJul-29-2022 a11410 v113 a

Simple Summary: We analyzed the ectoparasite community of a monomorphic and non-social bird, the burrowing owl, Athene cunicularia, breeding in rural and urban habitats. Such community was composed by two lice, one mite and one flea species. Rural individuals had more fleas and less mites than urban ones. Adult birds harbored less ectoparasites than young ones and females
harbored more lice than males. The presence of lice was positively related to the presence of fleas. On the contrary, the presence of mites was negatively related to the presence of fleas and lice. The study of parasite communities in urban and rural populations of the same species can shed light on how urban stressor factors impact the physiology of wildlife inhabiting cities and, therefore, the host-parasite relationships.

Abstract: Urbanization creates new ecological conditions that can affect biodiversity at all levels, including the diversity and prevalence of parasites of species that may occupy these environments. However, few studies have compared bird–ectoparasite interactions between urban and rural individuals. Here, we analyze the ectoparasite community and co-infection patterns of urban and rural burrowing owls, Athene cunicularia, to assess the influence of host traits (i.e., sex, age, and weight), and environmental factors (i.e., number of conspecifics per nest, habitat type and aridity) on its composition. Ectoparasites of burrowing owls included two lice, one flea, and one mite. The overall prevalence for mites, lice and fleas was 1.75%, 8.76% and 3.50%, respectively. A clear pattern of co-infection was detected between mites and fleas and, to less extent, between mites and lice. Adult owls harbored fewer ectoparasites than nestlings, and adult females harbored more lice than males. Our results also show that mite and flea numbers were higher when more conspecifics cohabited the same burrow, while lice showed the opposite pattern. Rural individuals showed higher flea parasitism and lower mite parasitism than urban birds. Moreover, mite numbers were negatively correlated with aridity and host weight. Although the ectoparasitic load of burrowing owls appears to be influenced by individual age, sex, number of conspecifics per nest, and habitat characteristics, the pattern of co-infection found among ectoparasites could also be mediated by unexplored factors such as host immune response, which deserves further research.

10aco-infection10aectoparasite10afleas10alice10amites10aUrban ecology1 aSáez, Ángeles1 aLópez-Montoya, Antonio, J.1 aLuna, Álvaro1 aRomero-Vidal, Pedro1 aPalma, Antonio1 aTella, José, L.1 aCarrete, Martina1 aLiébanas, Gracia1 aPérez, Jesús, M. uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/8/114101956nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245012100055210006900176260001600245300000900261490000700270520122400277653001501501653000801516100002201524700002001546700001801566700002401584700001901608700002301627856007601650 2021 eng d a1467-803900aThe morphology of Colpocephalum pectinatum (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae) under scanning electron microscopy0 amorphology of Colpocephalum pectinatum Phthiraptera Amblycera Me cSep-01-2021 a8 pp0 v643 a

Highlights:

Here, we describe under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the morphology of Colpocephalum pectinatum (Phthiraptera, Menoponidae), an ectoparasite found in burrowing owls, Athene cunicularia. We devote particular attention to the morphology of the main structures of the head (antennae and mouth-parts) and legs (tarsi and femoral ctenidia). Moreover, we describe the main peripheral sensory organs, located in the labial palpi and the distal end of antennae. We also detected that the structure of antennae and antennal sensilla arrangement are very similar to that described for other Colpocephalum and Menoponid species, and we discuss the function of each type of sensilla. We suggest that SEM studies combined with other microscopy and physiological techniques could be useful for elucidate the function of each structure, lice behaviour, as well as their taxonomy.

10amorphology10aSEM1 aLiébanas, Gracia1 aSáez, Ángeles1 aLuna, Álvaro1 aRomero-Vidal, Pedro1 aPalma, Antonio1 aPérez, Jesús, M. uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S146780392100059100343nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001500041245002300056210002300079260001500102300001100117490000700128100002300135856005100158 2015 eng d a2386 -718300aOrden Phthiraptera0 aOrden Phthiraptera c30-06-2015 a1 - 110 v511 aPérez, Jesús, M. uhttp://sea-entomologia.org/IDE@/revista_51.pdf02899nas a2200265 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260001600201490000600217520204400223653002002267653002202287653002302309653002002332653002202352100002002374700002202394700002502416700002402441700002302465700001802488700002002506700002302526856008402549 2016 eng d00aSarcoptes scabiei infestation does not alter the stability of ectoparasite communities0 aSarcoptes scabiei infestation does not alter the stability of ec cJan-12-20160 v93 a

Background: The host represents a heterogeneous ecosystem where multiple parasite species co-occur and interact with each other for space and resources. Although these interactions may rule the features of an infracommunity and may shape the infracommunity response to external perturbations, the resilience of ectoparasite communities to new infestations remains poorly explored.
Methods: We analysed the composition of the ectoparasite communities found on 214 individual Iberian ibexes (Capra pyrenaica) inhabiting the Sierra Nevada Natural Space, southern Spain. Using classification and regression trees, we explored how the presence of Sarcoptes scabiei (a highly contagious mite), the off-host environment and the host sex govern the prevalence and abundance of lice and ticks. Null model analysis was applied to assess the impact of S. scabiei on the structure of the ectoparasite communities.
Results: Our results suggest that S. scabiei infestation acts in tandem with off-host environment and host sex to define the prevalence and abundance of lice and ticks. We also provided evidence for differences in species co-occurrence only at the early stages of S. scabiei infestation. Regarding species diversity, we recorded that ectoparasite communities in scabietic ibexes reached a high richness faster than those in healthy individuals.
Conclusions: Even though we show that ectoparasite burden is correlated with S. scabiei infestation, off-host environment and host sex, the species response to S. scabiei infestation and climate seem to be highly variable and influenced by ectoparasite life-history traits. Ectoparasite communities also appear resilient to perturbations which is in agreement with what was previously reported for endoparasites. Future refinement of sample collection and the incorporation of ecological and epidemiological-related variables may allow us to establish causal effects and deepen the knowledge about the mechanisms and consequences of ectoparasite interactions.

10aCapra pyrenaica10aCommunity ecology10aEcosystem engineer10aMultiparasitism10aSarcoptes scabiei1 aCarvalho, João1 aSerrano, Emmanuel1 aPettorelli, Nathalie1 aGranados, José, E.1 aHabela, Miguel, A.1 aOlmeda, Sonia1 aFonseca, Carlos1 aPérez, Jesús, M. uhttp://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-016-1659-201894nas a2200241 4500008004100000245020100041210006900242260001600311300001400327490000600341520102500347653002701372653001801399653003501417653002001452653001701472653002601489653001901515100002301534700002101557700002301578856005101601 2013 eng d00aThe dilemma of conserving parasites: the case of Felicola (Lorisicola) isidoroi (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) and its host, the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)0 adilemma of conserving parasites the case of iFelicolai iLorisico cJan-11-2013 a680 - 6860 v63 a

:q

1. Parasites are essential elements in healthy natural ecosystems. Also, they constitute most of the world’s biodiversity. Therefore, they deserve to be conserved together with their hosts.
2. The Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) is the most endangered felid in the world because it only survives in two isolated populations in the Iberian Peninsula, with no more than 300 free-ranging individuals.
3. Felicola (Lorisicola) isodoroi is a louse exclusively parasitic on the Iberian lynx, and it appears to be scarcer and therefore more endangered than its host.
4. Current management activities devoted to the conservation of the Iberian lynx, such as reproduction in captivity for restocking, could compromise the survival of its louse species.
5. In this article we revise the ectoparasites of the Iberian lynx and discuss their potential role for transmission of pathogens.
6. Also, we propose measures which could enhance the survival of F. (L.) isidoroi.

10aConservation programme10aectoparasites10aFelicola (Lorisicola) isidoroi10ahost management10aIberian lynx10aparasite conservation10atrichodectidae1 aPérez, Jesús, M.1 aSánchez, Iñigo1 aPalma, Ricardo, L. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/node/6877302057nas a2200181 4500008004100000245005000041210005000091260000900141300001400150490000700164520154800171653002901719653002101748100002301769700002301792700001901815856004101834 1996 eng d00aOccurrence of chewing lice on Spanish raptors0 aOccurrence of chewing lice on Spanish raptors c1996 a129 - 1380 v433 a

SUMMnRK-Occurrence of chewino lice on Snuiiish ranror.7. Between 1985 and 1992. 304 falconiform birds of 21 species were survCyedfor &toparasites. mainly'chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera).The genera (and in most cases, the species)of the louse populations were determined. both gualitatively and auantita- tivelv. The mean ~revalcnceobtained reached &nost 42 %. the number of oara&tesraneine froml to 324 (me& value=30.'1k44.1lice/liosi parasitized).Data on seasonal prevalenk, intensityk &msitism. and location on the host are presented. The moult of birds was the only factor studied alTecting significantly the prevalence and intensity oT parasitism.

RESUMEN.-Frecuencia de lo narasitacirln nor ~ioiosnuisficodores en rumces esmíolas. Entre las ahos 1985 y 1992 se muestrearon 304 a v e i de presa pertenecientes a 21 especiec con objeto de estudiar los ecto-pardsitos. principitlmentc los mal6hgos (Insecta. Phthiraptera) SI: determinaron los g6neros ( y en muchos media üIcanr6 casi cl 42 %. variando el niimero de parcsitos entre 1 g 324 (media=30.1 t44.1 piojos1&OS las &necies) de las ooblaciones de ~ioios.tanto cilitativa como cuantitativ;~menteL. a ~revalencia hospcdador parasitadol. Se presentan dalos sobre la prevalencia estiicional. intensidad de ia parasitación y localizaci6n en el hospedidor. La muda de las aves fue el dnico hctor estudiado que afectó de forma signilicativa la prevalencia e intensidad de la parasitacibn.

10aOccurrence. Phthiraptera10aSpanish raptors.1 aPérez, Jesús, M.1 aRuiz-Martínez, L.1 aCooper, J., E. uhttp://www.ardeola.org/files/323.pdf01308nas a2200181 4500008004100000245011300041210007100154260000900225300001200234490000600246520062500252653001500877653001700892653001200909100002300921700002400944856015800968 1996 eng d00aContribución al conocimiento del género Colpocephalum Nitzsch, 1818 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) en España0 aContribución al conocimiento del género Colpocephalum Nitzsch 18 c1996 a35 - 410 v13 a

Between 1985 and 1992, 304 falconiform birds of 2l species were surveyed for ectoparasites, mainly chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). The genera (and in most cases, the species) of the louse populations were determined, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The mean prevalence obtained reached almost 42%, the number of parasites ranging from 1 to 324 (mean value=30.1+44.1 lice/host parasitized). Data on seasonal prevalenee, intensity of parasitism, and location on the host are presented. The moult of birds was the only factor studied affecting significantly the prevalence and intensity of parasitism.

10aOccurrence10aPhthiraptera10aSpanish1 aPérez, Jesús, M.1 aGranados, José, E. uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/260854592_Contribucion_al_conocimiento_del_genero_Colpocephalum_Nitzsch_1818_Phithiraptera_Menoponidae_en_Espana01007nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260000900202300001200211490000700223520042200230100002300652700002400675700001300699856013700712 1995 eng d00aThe morphology of Laemobothrion (Laemobothrion) maximum (Phthiraptera: Laemobothriidae)0 amorphology of Laemobothrion Laemobothrion maximum Phthiraptera L c1995 a45 - 510 v373 a

Adult specimens of Laemobothrion (L.) maximum (Scopoli, 1763), a buzzard louse species, were studied using scanning electron microscopy and paying special attention to sensitive structures, mainly those located on the head, mouthparts, abdomen and legs. Data on shape and size of palpl and antennal sensilla, as well as post-spiracular ones, were obtained. Some modifications of the mouthparts were observed.

1 aPérez, Jesús, M.1 aGranados, José, E.1 aRuiz, I. uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/14668860_The_morphology_of_Laemobothrion_Laemobothrion_maximum_Phthiraptera_Laemobothriidae00531nas a2200157 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142260000900211300001400220490000700234653000900241653000800250100002300258700002300281856006900304 1998 eng d00aFirst records of species of the genus Nosopon Hopkins, 1950 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) in Spain0 aFirst records of species of the genus Nosopon Hopkins 1950 Phthi c2000 a145 - 1480 v5810amtax10aPHP1 aPérez, Jesús, M.1 aPalma, Ricardo, L. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/41442.pdf01691nas a2200325 4500008004100000245013400041210006900175260000900244300001400253490000700267520077900274653001701053653001301070653001201083653001301095653000901108653001501117653000901132653000901141653001001150653001301160653000801173653001001181653000901191653001201200653001901212100002301231700002301254856008801277 2001 eng d00aA new species of Felicola (Phthiraptera : Trichodectidae) from the endangered Iberian lynx: another reason to ensure its survival0 anew species of Felicola Phthiraptera Trichodectidae from the end c2001 a929 - 9370 v103 a

A new chewing louse species, Felicola (Lorisicola) isidoroi, is described and illustrated from a male Iberian lynx, Lynx pardinus (Carnivora: Felidae) in southern Spain. Although the new species is based only on a single adult male, it was felt that the scarcity of the host and the distinctiveness of the louse warranted its description. Considering the high degree of host-specificity of this group of lice, the current conservation status of the host as the most vulnerable felid species in the world, and the low prevalence shown by the new louse, we propose the status of endangered for the louse species also. A list of parasites recorded on Lynx pardinus and other carnivore hosts from the Iberian Peninsula is given, and their host-specificity is discussed.

10aChewing lice10aFelicola10aIberian10aisidoroi10alice10aLorisicola10alynx10amtax10an.sp.10aparasite10aPHP10asheep10asoay10asp.nov.10atrichodectidae1 aPérez, Jesús, M.1 aPalma, Ricardo, L. uhttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.577.9831&rep=rep1&type=pdf01166nas a2200193 4500008004100000245004900041210004900090260000900139300001400148490000700162520062500169653001500794653001700809653001200826100002300838700002000861700001900881856007200900 1996 eng d00aOccurence of chewing lice on spanish raptors0 aOccurence of chewing lice on spanish raptors c1996 a129 - 1380 v433 a

Between 1985 and 1992, 304 falconiform birds of 2l species were surveyed for ectoparasites, mainly chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). The genera (and in most cases, the species) of the louse populations were determined, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The mean prevalence obtained reached almost 42%, the number of parasites ranging from 1 to 324 (mean value=30.1+44.1 lice/host parasitized). Data on seasonal prevalenee, intensity of parasitism, and location on the host are presented. The moult of birds was the only factor studied affecting significantly the prevalence and intensity of parasitism.

10aOccurrence10aPhthiraptera10aSpanish1 aPérez, Jesús, M.1 aMartínez, Ruiz1 aCooper, J., E. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/1151.pdf00929nas a2200145 4500008004100000245013800041210006900179260000900248300001400257490000700271520037900278100002300657700003100680856007200711 1995 eng d00aThe first description of male Craspedorrhynchus subbuteonis Gallego, Martin & Aguirre, 1987 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae)0 afirst description of male Craspedorrhynchus subbuteonis Gallego  c1995 a285 - 2910 v313 a

Male Craspedorrhynchus subbuteonis Gallego, Martin & Aguirre, 1987 is described for the first time and new data on females of this species are given. Material studied was collected on a European hobby, Falco subbuteo, from Granada, Southern Spain. In addition, a key to identification of the Craspedorrhynchus species known to occurr [sic] in Spain is included.

1 aPérez, Jesús, M.1 aMartín-Mateo, María, Paz uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0719.pdf01224nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260000900202300001400211490000700225520071100232100002300943700002200966700001300988856006501001 1994 eng d00aBacteriological study of the feathers and lice of captive common buzzards (Buteo buteo)0 aBacteriological study of the feathers and lice of captive common c1994 a163 - 1680 v233 a

We have investigated the external and internal bacterial flora associated with several species of lice parasites of captive common buzzards (Buteo buteo) and studied the bacterial flora on the host feathers. The bacterial flora inside the ectoparasites was significatively different from that of their surface. Bacteria of genus Staphylococcus, especially S. aureus, predominated, being more abundant on lice surface. Bacillus was another Gram-positive bacteria frequently isolated, although it was more abundant as a component of the internal flora. A very low number of enterobacteria and strict anaerobes was obtained. Bacteria isolated from bird feathers reveal some contamination from humans.

1 aPérez, Jesús, M.1 aExtremera, A., L.1 aRuiz, I. uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03079459408418984